Biological diversity of Mediterranean landscapes in Israel through the development of nature reserves

The high landscape diversity of Israel is well represented by the 311 set up nature reserves. The major Mediterranean landscapes in the 119 proclaimed nature reserves in this region are: Meditterranean maquis, park forest, scrublands and grasslands, canyons and streams, wetlands and coastal landscapes. Habitat diversity, as well as diverse management regimes, result in a high biological diversity.     

From aspiration to implementation — the establishment of the first national nature reserves in Britain

Much has been written on the initiatives leading up to the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949, but relatively little on the ways in which the National Parks Commission and Nature Conservancy subsequently established themselves amongst other user-interests in the countryside. This paper disputes the general assumption that the Nature Conservancy operated in a largely apolitical climate, acquiring and managing nature reserves on essentially scientific criteria. Particular attention is given to the assumptions on which the statutory powers of the Nature Conservancy were granted, the changing political context within which the Nature Conservancy acquired its network of nature reserves, and the changing understanding of the management needs of nature reserves. Consideration is also given to the attempts made to give tangible effect to the concept of enhancement and enrichment in the distinctive landscapes of nature reserves. Insights from archival evidence help to explain the urgency with which 'conservation research' came to be promoted by the early 1960s, and place in clearer perspective the more overtly political influences exerted on nature conservation in later decades.     

南澳洲莫森湖学校

工地面积较同类学校小二分之一.学校可以使用社区的户外活动区及设施,并在朝向城镇中心区的地方设置了栅栏,在对学校的庭院与开放空间做了一系列环境美化的同时,保留了西面的Dry Creek(一条小溪).在南北向的地面隆起地带建造了为110名学生服务的四个"家庭单元",它们的门都面北正对着学校的庭院,有独特的窗户和通向阶梯花园的隔板小路.     

蒙城县实验中学南校规划设计

在城市用地越来越稀缺的背景下,从规划及建筑设计入手,充分利用土地,满足一个全日制寄宿制中学的教学、生活、运动等功能,为师生提供一个健康、适用和高效的使用空间。     

Distribution and nature of arsenic along former railway corridors of South Australia

Elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) have been detected in soils of former railway corridors in South Australia, Australia. Elevated As concentrations resulted from the long-term application of As-based herbicides to control grass growth along former railway corridors. A study of former railway corridors revealed considerable surface (0-10 cm) contamination with As (<20 to >1000 mg As kg-1). The distribution of As in soils was related with particle size fraction and iron (Fe) oxide content. Total As increased markedly with decreasing particle size; sand相似文献   

Digested Sludge Thickening Experiences in Yorkshire Water's Southern Division

S ludge T reatment and disposal costs contribute a large proportion to the overall operating costs of sewage treatment installations. With the increasing drive towards more cost-effective operation it has been recognized that thickening sludge prior to disposal can achieve significant cost savings for limited capital outlay. This paper describes the practical experiences at the Lundwood, Old Whittington, and Aldwarke works of Yorkshire Water (YW) where digested sludge is gravity thickened in shallow tanks of large surface area prior to land disposal. Existing structures have been utilized where possible to minimize capital cost. Digestion plant operational data for the three works are given, and an evaluation is made of cost savings resulting from the post-digestion thickening process.     

A comparison of lead isotope ratios in the bark pockets and annual rings of two beech trees collected in Derbyshire and South Yorkshire, UK

ICP-MS analysis of the bark pockets and annual rings of two beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees collected from Longshaw, Derbyshire and Swinton, South Yorkshire in the UK recorded differences in the (206)Pb/(207)Pb isotope ratio. In the Longshaw sample, the (206)Pb/(207)Pb isotope ratio of the bark pockets ( approximately 1914-1998, 78-260 microg g(-1) Pb) declined from approximately 1.16 to 1.12, whilst the annual rings (1899-1998, 0.2-2.5 microg g(-1) Pb) had a (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratio of approximately 1.18. In the Swinton sample, the bark pockets (approximately 1919-1998, 7-78 microg g(-1) Pb) declined from 1.15 to 1.11 and the annual rings (1899-1998, 0.2-0.5 microg g(-1) Pb) from 1.18 to 1.15. The data implied that the bark pockets accumulated lead directly from the atmosphere through wet and dry deposition, whilst the annual rings accumulated lead from the soil via the roots. The bark pockets recorded a relative decline in the accumulation of lead from indigenous sources, such as lead smelting and coal combustion (1.17-1.19), and increase in imported sources such as the smelting of Australian ores (1.04) and leaded petrol usage (1.06-1.09). In contrast, the annual rings at Longshaw recorded ratios typical of indigenous lead, whilst the annual rings in Swinton recorded a relatively small decrease in (206)Pb/(207)Pb reflecting leaded petrol usage. The decline in (206)Pb/(207)Pb of the bark pockets was consistent with the historical decline in (206)Pb/(207)Pb of atmospheric lead recorded in peat, lake sediments and archival herbage at other UK locations.     

Long term variation in water colour from Yorkshire catchments.

Water colour is a problem in the upland water-gathering grounds of the UK. It has shown considerable variation over recent years and this needs to be put into the longer-term context. In order to do this, factors to convert water colour measured in absorbance units per metre (Au/m) to Hazen units are presented for ten sites in the Yorkshire region using data from August 1997 to June 1998. The conversion factors are site-specific and there is some evidence that they may show seasonal variation. There is also a short-term upward trend in the conversion factor for a number of catchments, which may be related to their recovery following the 1995 drought. Time series of water colour in Hazen from 1980 to 1998 are shown for selected sites. The seasonal variation in colour levels is disrupted at all sites during and following drought periods, notably 1990-1992 and 1995-1998 and, in the case of two sites with long-term colour measurements, the 1975-1976 drought. These periods are followed by enhanced levels of colour and, since the end of the 1995 drought, unprecedented high values have been recorded at some catchments.     

英国维克菲尔德市赫普沃思美术馆

文章介绍了英国维克菲尔德市赫普沃思美术馆美术馆的设计。美术馆根据建筑基地设计条件衍生出一个无主立面的形态,看似由多个不规则体量交融而成的集合体,这种安排实则满足了美术馆内部功能组织需求,大小形态各异的单元体代表各自独特的空间,与周围沿河分布的磨坊及仓库等老建筑环境融为一体。     

盐城中学南校区规划和建筑设计

校园环境建设和建筑设计与现代教育理念变革相关。通过江苏省盐城中学规划设计工程案例研究,论文着重从构思理念、道路组织、空间序列、建筑景观等方面探讨了城市设计原理与现代校园规划建设的关系,并指出城市设计同样应成为我国未来校园规划建设的技术支撑平台。     

醉山水最山水

评委点评：本方案设计定位明确、基地分析合理,基本保留并恢复原有湿地及菜圃的功能。设计的核心思想紧扣乡村文化主题,功能空间关系分析基本合理,通过当地民间竹编技艺结合场地的综合使用功能,巧妙构筑场地标志性景观,将乡村文化与自然材料、使用功能与景观形式较好地融为一体。方案还能用生态设计的概念贯彻设计过程,在有效的空间内综合运用“声、光、电”技术与景观的结合。