Numerical simulation of an integrated solar louvre collector system

External louvres are increasingly used to provide solar protection for building glazed surfaces. This work concerns the modification of existing louvre designs to integrate a solar collector in the shading device. A numerical model for the integrated solar collector was developed, and collector efficiency was quantified. Thermal performance for a water heating system was obtained, on a month-to-month basis, under the climatic conditions of Portugal.     

壁挂式太阳能空气集热器最佳供暖方式研究

以采用太阳能空气集热器的供暖系统为研究对象,实验研究了供暖效果的影响因素和改善策略下的运行效果,为更科学合理地进行太阳能空气集热器与建筑集成设计提供参考。     

Numerical simulation and performance assessment of an absorption solar air-conditioning system coupled with an office building

To minimize environmental impact and CO₂ production associated with air-conditioning, it is reasonable to evaluate the prospects of a clean energy source. Solar energy, via thermal collectors can provide a part of the heating needs. Moreover, it can drive absorption chiller in order to satisfy the cooling needs of buildings. The objective of the work is to evaluate accurately the energy consumption of an air-conditioning system including a solar driven absorption chiller. The complete simulation environment includes the absorption chiller itself, the cooling tower, the solar collectors field, heater, storage devices, pumps, heating-cooling distribution, emission system and building. A decrease of primary energy consumption of 22% for heating and cooling is reached when using a solar air-conditioning system instead of classical heating and cooling devices. The modelling of each subsystem is detailed. TRNSYS software modular approach provides the possibility to model and simulate this complete system.     

Numerical simulation of phase change heat transfer of a solar flat-plate collector with energy storage

The technical feasibility of an innovative solar collector is studied in this paper. A phase change material (paraffin) is used in the solar collector to store solar energy. This type of system combines both collection and storage of thermal energy into a single unit. The major advantages of the phase change stores are their large heat storage capacity and isothermal behavior during the melting and solidifying processes. A negative aspect of paraffin is its low thermal conductivity which increases the melting and solidifying time for paraffin energy storage. In this paper, new aluminum foams infiltrated with paraffin are presented. It presents a two dimensional model describing the melting and solidifying processes of paraffin while accounting for both phase change heat transfer and natural convection. Apparent heat capacity method was used to simulate the melting and solidifying processes of paraffin. The simulation results show that the motion of the hot liquid paraffin plays an important role in increasing the heat transfer between paraffin and top surface of solar collector. The shape profile of the pure paraffin solid-liquid interface is determined by the synergistic relationship between its temperature and velocity field. Though aluminum foams impregnated with paraffin will limit motion of the hot liquid paraffin, the heat transfer ability is greatly improved. The distributions of the temperature in the paraffin with aluminum foams are more homogeneous compared with that of the paraffin without aluminum foams. Thus, use of aluminum foams infused with paraffin improves heat transfer and enhances paraffin’s melting and solidifying rates.     

Exergetic performance assessment of a solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) air collector

In this paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the exergetic performance of a solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) air collector. A detailed energy and exergy analysis is carried out to calculate the thermal and electrical parameters, exergy components and exergy efficiency of a typical PV/T air collector. Some corrections are done on related heat loss coefficients. An improved electrical model is used to estimate the electrical parameters of a PV/T air collector. Further, a modified equation for the exergy efficiency of a PV/T air collector is derived in terms of design and climatic parameters. A computer simulation program is also developed to calculate the thermal and electrical parameters of a PV/T air collector. The results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental measurements noted in the previous literature. Finally, parametric studies have been carried out. It is observed that the modified exergy efficiency obtained in this paper is in good agreement with the one given by the previous literature. It is also found that the thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, overall energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of PV/T air collector is about 17.18%, 10.01%, 45% and 10.75% respectively for a sample climatic, operating and design parameters.     

蓄热型空气式太阳能集热-空气源热泵复合供暖系统在寒冷地区的应用研究

设计了一种蓄热型空气式太阳能集热-空气源热泵复合供暖系统.该系统具有太阳能供热、太阳能辅助热泵供热和热泵供热3种运行模式,可根据环境工况及供暖负荷的变化自动切换运行模式,保证室内供暖的稳定性.在通辽市的实验研究结果表明:在整个供暖季内,该系统可持续提供42.6 ℃的热水,维持室内温度在21.3?24.1 ℃之间;平均C...     

A PV system enhanced the performance of roof solar collector

A simple PV ventilation system was used to enhance the performance of roof solar collector (RSC) for reducing heat gain and increasing the ventilation rate inside houses. The RSC is composed of CPAC Monier concrete tiles at the outer side, air gap and gypsum board at the house side. The PV system consists of one PV panel (27 Wp), a DC electrical fan (7.3 W) installed in the gap of RSC and a control unit.

Field testing results showed that the average temperature gradient between CPAC tiles, gypsum board and room was low, about 7°C, demonstrating a high heat gain reduction. The temperature of gypsum board was very close to the indoor temperature. The average PV powered air flow rate and the corresponding air change per unit RSC were about 100–250 m³/h and 3–8 ACH, respectively. Such rates are 2–4 times higher than those obtained with the natural ventilation induced by RSC. In addition, PV-powered RSC is an interesting option in the sense that it promotes solar energy and conserve energy.     

Study on the performance of a solar assisted air source heat pump system for building heating

This paper proposed a new solar assisted air source heat pump system with flexible operational modes to improve the performance of the heating system. A mathematical model was established on the solar assisted air source heat pump system for building heating with a heating capacity of 10 kW, and an air source heat pump unit was developed to validate the model. The effect of the solar collector area on the performance of the system running in Nanjing was studied. The results showed that the COP of the heat pump unit was enhanced with the increase of the solar radiation density during the typical sunny day in the heating season. In addition, the COP also increased in proportion to the solar collector area. Compared with the case when the solar collector area was 0 m², the COP increase of the heat pump and the energy-saving rate were 11.22% and 24% respectively when the solar collector area was 40 m². Meanwhile, the solar equivalent generation power efficiency could reach 11.8%.     

新型变色幕墙太阳能空气集热器冬季热性能实验研究

介绍了一种新型变色幕墙太阳能空气集热器(简称SCCF),这种装置具有冬季供暖和夏季降温的双重功能,在冬季夜间还可起护板的作用,以减少窗户的热损失。实验研究了安装在普通住宅的SCCF装置在不同工况下的集热性能和供暖效果,实测结果表明:SCCF进出风口空气平均温差可达38℃,集热面积为5m~2的SCCF可使实验房内空气平均温度比对比房高3～5℃,SCCF夜间可提高窗户外表面平均温度2.1℃,起到良好的保温作用。     

对冬季空调房间室内气流的数值模拟研究

应用CFl)技术，以κ-ε方程为基础，对重庆某高校教工宿舍室内的气流在冬季工况条件下进行三维模拟计算(速度矢量)，并对结果进行了分析，依据通风及空气调节在冬季工况下的标准，对室内气流速度进行评判。     

相变储能地板辐射供暖系统蓄热性能数值模拟

以加装相变储热地板的建筑热环境控制为背景,采用Fluent软件对底部加装相变材料的低温热水辐射供暖二维方腔模型进行了数值模拟,该模型考虑变物性计算,并包含相变区及导热、固体壁面间辐射与自然对流的耦合换热。研究了相变材料的相变温度和导热系数对方腔内空气温度的影响。研究结果表明,提高相变材料的导热系数可使供暖系统的热惰性减弱,即加快单位时间方腔内空气的温升。拟合出了相变温度与方腔内空气温度的关系式。提出了一种新型地板蓄热结构,可加快方腔内空气温升,还可实现能源利用多元化。     

Thermal performance analysis of the glass evacuated tube solar collector with U-tube

In this paper, based on the energy balance for the glass evacuated tube solar collector with U-tube, the thermal performance of the individual glass evacuated tube solar collector is investigated by analytical method. The solar collector considered in this study is a two-layered glass evacuated tube, and the absorber film is deposited in the outer surface of the absorber tube. The heat loss coefficient and heat efficiency factor are analyzed using one-dimensional analytical solution. And the influence of air layer between the absorber tube and the copper fin on the heat efficiency is also studied. The results show that the function relation of the heat loss coefficient of the glass evacuated tube solar collector with temperature difference between the absorbing coating surface and the ambient air is nonlinear. In the different ambient temperatures, the heat loss coefficient of the solar collector should be calculated by different expressions. The heat efficiency factor will be subject to influence of air layer between absorber tube and the copper fin. Specially, the influence is remarkable when the heat loss coefficient of the collector is large. When the synthetical conductance amounts to 5 W/m K, the solar collector efficiency decreases 10%, and the outlet fluid temperature decreases 16% compared with the case which the air thermal resistance is neglected. And the surface temperature of the absorbing coating increases 30 °C due to the effect of air thermal resistance. So the surface temperature of the absorbing coating is an important parameter to evaluate the thermal performance of the glass evacuated tube solar collector.     

Analysis on the optimum matching of collector and storage size of solar water heating systems in building space heating applications

The overall thermal performance of a solar water heating (SWH) system is significantly affected by the mismatch between the temporal distribution of solar radiation and the heating load. Therefore, a favorable correlation between the collector and storage size should be generated based on the dynamic characteristics of the system. This study focuses on the optimal matching of solar collector area with storage volume for an SWH system (with short-term heat storage capability) for a space heating application. A simplified model of an SWH system based on hourly energy flow is established. System control strategy is integrated into the model in a simple manner without sacrificing computing speed. Based on this model, the combined effect of collector area and storage volume on system thermal performance and economy is analyzed, and a simple procedure for determining the optimal system size is illustrated. A case study showed that for an SWH system utilized for space heating application, the optimized ratio between storage volume and collector area is dependent on the total collector area of the system, and is dominated by the requirement of overheating prevention. The minimum storage volume for a specific collector area that can prevent the storage tank from being overheated can be adopted as the optimum storage volume for that collector area. The optimum ratio between storage volume and collector area increases as the collector area increases. Therefore, a trade-off between heat collection and heat loss has to be made while attempting to increase solar fraction by improving collector area.     

太阳能供暖空调系统设计探讨

阐述了太阳能集热器的选择和布置、太阳能供暖空调系统的两种形式.结合工程实例,描述了太阳能应用于地板辐射供暖和热水型溴化锂吸收式制冷的设计方案及系统控制要求.     

送风速度对空调效果影响的数值研究

模拟了同侧上送下回空调房间在送风速度分别为v=1.3 m/s和v=2.6 m/s时,制冷及供暖工况下室内速度场和温度场的分布情况,分析了不同空调送风速度对室内参数的影响,以为工程设计和研究提供参考。     

Condenser heat recovery with a PV/T air heating collector to regenerate desiccant for reducing energy use of an air conditioning room

This paper presents an experimental test along with procedures to investigate the validity of a developed simulation model in predicting the dynamic performance of a condenser heat recovery with a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) air heating collector to regenerate desiccant for reducing energy use of an air conditioning room under the prevailing meteorological conditions in tropical climates. The system consists of five main parts; namely, living space, desiccant dehumidification and regeneration unit, air conditioning system, PV/T collector, and air mixing unit. The comparisons between the experimental results and the simulated results using the same meteorological data of the experiment show that the prediction results simulated by the model agree satisfactorily with those observed from the experiments. The thermal energy generated by the system can produce warm dry air as high as 53 °C and 23% relative humidity. Additionally, electricity of about 6% of the daily total solar radiation can be obtained from the PV/T collector in the system. Moreover, the use of a hybrid PV/T air heater, incorporated with the heat recovered from the condenser to regenerate the desiccant for dehumidification, can save the energy use of the air conditioning system by approximately 18%.     

高原燃油暖风机性能测试与分析

介绍了燃油暖风机的结构及工作原理,对所研制的高原燃油暖风机样机进行了现场冷热态测试,考察了燃烧器的点火启动情况,分析了运行参数、过剩空气系数、大气压力等对机组热效率的影响,并讨论了燃烧室及对流换热面的换热状况,对改进机组性能提出了几点建议。     

百叶风口送风射流的数值模拟

为简化风口入流边界条件的描述,提出用N个简单开口代替不同方向出流的百叶风口,建立了N点风口模型,据此模型对不同出流条件的百叶风口射流进行了数值模拟,并就轴心速度衰减,射流扩展角及断面流速分布等与实验数据进行了对比。结果表明,当N=1或3时,模拟结果令人满意。     

复合型太阳能溶液除湿空调的性能模拟

结合热湿地区的气候特点,设计了复合型太阳能溶液除湿空调系统,并通过数值模拟,分析了除湿器和再生器入口空气参数对系统性能的影响.结果表明,除湿器入口空气温、湿度从36℃和80%冷却减湿预处理到26℃和90%时,除湿器的体积可减小约63%,溶液循环量减小约58%;使用房间排风作为再生空气源,可明显提高溶液的再生效率和浓度,有效降低再生热源温度.     

电加热相变蓄热地板供暖房间热特性数值模拟与分析

介绍了电加热相变蓄热地板供暖的优点,综合考虑室外气象因素、室内辐射特性和相变材料自身的热物性建立了电加热相变蓄热地板供暖系统的计算模型。比较了相变蓄热地板与传统散热器供暖的热舒适性和能耗,结果表明相变蓄热地板能够改善室内热舒适性和降低能耗。