基于超像素锚图二重降维的高光谱聚类算法

针对传统谱聚类算法难以应用于大规模高光谱图像,以及现有的改进谱聚类算法对大规模高光谱图像的处理效果不佳的问题,为降低聚类数据的复杂度,以降低聚类过程的计算成本从而多方面提升聚类性能,提出一种基于超像素锚图二重降维的高光谱聚类算法。首先,对高光谱数据进行主成分分析（PCA）处理,并针对高光谱图像的区域特性对其进行基于超像素切割的降维;其次,通过构造锚图的思想对上一步所得数据进行锚点的选取,并构建邻接锚图来实现二重降维,从而进行谱聚类;同时,为去除算法运行中人为调节参数的环节,在构建锚图时采用一种去除高斯核的无核锚图构造方式以实现自动构图。在Indian Pines数据集和Salinas数据集上的实验结果表明所提算法在保证可用性与低耗时的前提下可提高聚类的整体效果,从而验证了所提算法能提高聚类的质量与性能。     

Object segmentation using graph cuts based active contours

In this paper we present a graph cuts based active contours (GCBAC) approach to object segmentation. GCBAC approach is a combination of the iterative deformation idea of active contours and the optimization tool of graph cuts. It differs from traditional active contours in that it uses graph cuts to iteratively deform the contour and its cost function is defined as the summation of edge weights on the cut. The resulting contour at each iteration is the global optimum within a contour neighborhood (CN) of the previous result. Since this iterative algorithm is shown to converge, the final contour is the global optimum within its own CN. The use of contour neighborhood alleviates the well-known bias of the minimum cut in favor of a shorter boundary. GCBAC approach easily extends to the segmentation of three and higher dimensional objects, and is suitable for interactive correction. Experimental results on selected data sets and performance analysis are provided.     

改进的谱聚类图像分割方法

图像分割作为图像识别的一个重要处理步骤,但存在效果不理想或者计算复杂度过高的问题。提出一种新的灰度图像二值化的方法。该方法将Ncut作为谱聚类的量度,在计算该值时使用基于图像灰度级的权重矩阵,而非普通基于图像像素的权重矩阵。这样,计算复杂度和空间复杂度都明显降低。通过对实际场景中文本图像的实验,数据表明此方法在时间和系统开销方面比传统基于阈值的分割方法具有更优的性能。     

图像分割的自适应交互核图割模型

为了克服图割模型算法在实现图像分割时需要人为选定参数,以及图割模型可能会陷入局部最小值的不足,考虑到交互图割是一种灵活的全局最优算法,提出了基于EM方法的交互核图割算法。数据映射到核空间,构造了新的目标函数,这样可以更有效地解决分类分割问题;为了估计交互图割所需要的参数以及图割算法所需要的各种阈值,采用EM算法来估计这些参数,避免人为随机选取可能造成的不利影响,因而该方法是一种自适应的分割算法。实验结果表明,相对于交互图割算法,该算法分割合成图像时具有更低的误分率,处理光学等图像时,分割结果更准确,保留图像细节信息的能力更强。     

Semiautomatic segmentation with compact shape prior

In recent years, interactive methods for segmentation are increasing in popularity due to their success in different domains such as medical image processing, photo editing, etc. We present an interactive segmentation algorithm that can segment an object of interest from its background with minimum guidance from the user, who just has to select a single seed pixel inside the object of interest. Due to minimal requirements from the user, we call our algorithm semiautomatic. To obtain a reliable and robust segmentation with such low user guidance, we have to make several assumptions. Our main assumption is that the object to be segmented is of compact shape, or can be approximated by several connected roughly collinear compact pieces. We base our work on the powerful graph cut segmentation algorithm of Boykov and Jolly, which allows straightforward incorporation of the compact shape constraint. In order to make the graph cut approach suitable for our semiautomatic framework, we address several well-known issues of graph cut segmentation technique. In particular, we counteract the bias towards shorter segmentation boundaries and develop a method for automatic selection of parameters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on the challenging industrial application of transistor gate segmentation in images of integrated chips. Our approach produces highly accurate results in real-time.     

基于多视图边界判别投影的高光谱图像分类

高光谱图像分类是遥感领域研究的热点问题,其关键在于利用高光谱图谱合一的 优势,同时融合高光谱图像中各个像元位置的光谱信息和空间信息,提高光谱图像分类精度。 针对高光谱图像特征维数高和冗余信息多等问题,采用多视图子空间学习方法进行特征降维, 提出了图正则化的多视图边界判别投影算法。将每个像元处的光谱特征看作一个视图,该像元 处的空间特征看作另一个视图,通过同时优化每个视图上的投影方向来寻找最优判别公共子空 间。公开测试数据集上的分类实验表明,多视图学习在高光谱图像空谱融合分类方面具有显著 的优越性,在多视图降维算法中,该算法具有最高的分类准确性。     

基于SUSAN边缘信息的阈值分割算法

基于边缘信息的阈值分割方法因为在保持目标轮廓和分割低对比度图像方面具有良好性能,特别适用于对工业生产图片的分割,但是传统方法普遍存在对噪声敏感和阈值难以选取的问题,针对这些问题,提出一种基于SUSAN边缘信息的自适应图像阈值分割算法,使用SUSAN特征响应描述像素的边缘信息,以有效抑制噪声和弱边界的影响。基于图谱理论的最小最大割阈值分割算法相比于其他分割算法时空复杂度大大降低,且获取的阈值全局最优。实验结果表明,该算法能够准确分割出目标,保留丰富的细节内容,对低对比度图像和噪声图像也有很好的分割效果,获取的阈值相比于传统算法更优。     

基于区域活动轮廓模型的高光谱图像分割方法

针对高光谱图像特点,提出了一种基于区域活动轮廓模型的高光谱图像分割方法。综合考虑高光谱图像的空间信息和光谱信息,对Chan\|Vese方法中的能量函数加以改进,利用空间全局信息和同质区域的灰度一致性,约束能量函数空间项;利用目标光谱信息相似性,约束能量函数光谱项,最后通过能量函数最小化实现图像分割。该方法能够有效提取高光谱图像中的模糊轮廓,从而降低混合像元和目标周围阴影对分割造成的影响。利用两幅AVIRIS图像进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,提出的方法能够获得令人满意的分割效果,并且对复杂场景具有一定适应性。     

Interactive image segmentation by matching attributed relational graphs

A model-based graph matching approach is proposed for interactive image segmentation. It starts from an over-segmentation of the input image, exploiting color and spatial information among regions to propagate the labels from the regions marked by the user-provided seeds to the entire image. The region merging procedure is performed by matching two graphs: the input graph, representing the entire image; and the model graph, representing only the marked regions. The optimization is based on discrete search using deformed graphs to efficiently evaluate the spatial information. Note that by using a model-based approach, different interactive segmentation problems can be tackled: binary and multi-label segmentation of single images as well as of multiple similar images. Successful results for all these cases are presented, in addition to a comparison between our binary segmentation results and those obtained with state-of-the-art approaches. An implementation is available at http://structuralsegm.sourceforge.net/.     

一种具有抗噪性的图像分割方法

基于图论的图像分割方法对有噪声污染的图像必须先进行预处理,算法自身不能抑制噪声。针对该问题,提出一种具有抗噪性的图像分割方法。该方法将图谱划分测度作为划分目标与背景的阈值分割准则,采用基于灰度值的权值矩阵代替基于图像像素个数的权值矩阵,描述像素之间的关联,并在图权计算中增加像素点与其邻域的空间相关信息,以提高算法的抗噪性。实验结果表明,使用该方法进行图像分割具有较好的分割效果,抑制噪声能力较强。     

Optimal surface segmentation in volumetric images--a graph-theoretic approach

Efficient segmentation of globally optimal surfaces representing object boundaries in volumetric data sets is important and challenging in many medical image analysis applications. We have developed an optimal surface detection method capable of simultaneously detecting multiple interacting surfaces, in which the optimality is controlled by the cost functions designed for individual surfaces and by several geometric constraints defining the surface smoothness and interrelations. The method solves the surface segmentation problem by transforming it into computing a minimum s-t cut in a derived arc-weighted directed graph. The proposed algorithm has a low-order polynomial time complexity and is computationally efficient. It has been extensively validated on more than 300 computer-synthetic volumetric images, 72 CT-scanned data sets of different-sized plexiglas tubes, and tens of medical images spanning various imaging modalities. In all cases, the approach yielded highly accurate results. Our approach can be readily extended to higher-dimensional image segmentation.     

Segmentation and classification of hyperspectral images using watershed transformation

Hyperspectral imaging, which records a detailed spectrum of light for each pixel, provides an invaluable source of information regarding the physical nature of the different materials, leading to the potential of a more accurate classification. However, high dimensionality of hyperspectral data, usually coupled with limited reference data available, limits the performances of supervised classification techniques. The commonly used pixel-wise classification lacks information about spatial structures of the image. In order to increase classification performances, integration of spatial information into the classification process is needed. In this paper, we propose to extend the watershed segmentation algorithm for hyperspectral images, in order to define information about spatial structures. In particular, several approaches to compute a one-band gradient function from hyperspectral images are proposed and investigated. The accuracy of the watershed algorithms is demonstrated by the further incorporation of the segmentation maps into a classifier. A new spectral-spatial classification scheme for hyperspectral images is proposed, based on the pixel-wise Support Vector Machines classification, followed by majority voting within the watershed regions. Experimental segmentation and classification results are presented on two hyperspectral images. It is shown in experiments that when the number of spectral bands increases, the feature extraction and the use of multidimensional gradients appear to be preferable to the use of vectorial gradients. The integration of the spatial information from the watershed segmentation in the hyperspectral image classifier improves the classification accuracies and provides classification maps with more homogeneous regions, compared to pixel-wise classification and previously proposed spectral-spatial classification techniques. The developed method is especially suitable for classifying images with large spatial structures.     

遥感图像分割中的信息割算法

提出了一种改进的信息割（MIC）算法。首先证明了信息割（IC）模型与Cauchy-Schwarz cut（CScut）等价,并通过图谱方法给出IC目标函数优化问题的最优解;其次利用 图像中像素点间的灰度和空间关联性,在IC算法的基础上提出一种MIC算法,该算法首次使用联合灰度信息和空间位置信息的Parzen窗函数来估计概率密度函数,降低了图像中灰度 变化对图像分割的影响。加噪合成图像及遥感图像分割实验结果表明MIC算法较IC算法具有更好的抗噪性能,且与图谱方法相比计算复杂度显著降低。     

模糊相关图割的非监督层次化彩色图像分割

目的 基于阈值的分割方法能根据像素的信息将图像划分为同类的区域,其中常用的最大模糊相关分割方法,因能利用模糊相关度量划分的适当性,得到较好的分割结果,而广受关注。然而该算法存在划分数需预先确定,阈值的分割结果存在孤立噪声,无法对彩色图像实施分割的问题。为此,提出基于模糊相关图割的非监督层次化分割策略来解决该问题。方法 算法首先将图像划分为若干超像素,以提高层次化图像分割的效率;随后将快速模糊相关算法与图割结合,构成模糊相关图割2-划分算子,在确保分割效率的基础上,解决单一阈值分割存在孤立噪声的问题;最后设计了自顶向下层次化分割策略,利用构建的2-划分算子选择合适的区域及通道,迭代地对超像素实施层次化分割,直到算法收敛,划分数自动确定。结果 对Berkeley分割数据库上300幅图像进行了测试,结果表明算法能有效分割彩色图像,分割精度优于Ncut、JSEG方法,运行时间较这两种方法也提高了近20%。结论 本文算法为最大模糊相关算法在非监督彩色图像分割领域的应用提供指导依据,能用于目标检测和识别领域。     

结合超像元和子空间投影支持向量机的高光谱图像分类

目的 高光谱图像包含了丰富的空间、光谱和辐射信息,能够用于精细的地物分类,但是要达到较高的分类精度,需要解决高维数据与有限样本之间存在矛盾的问题,并且降低因噪声和混合像元引起的同物异谱的影响。为有效解决上述问题,提出结合超像元和子空间投影支持向量机的高光谱图像分类方法。方法 首先采用简单线性迭代聚类算法将高光谱图像分割成许多无重叠的同质性区域,将每一个区域作为一个超像元,以超像元作为图像分类的最小单元,利用子空间投影算法对超像元构成的图像进行降维处理,在低维特征空间中执行支持向量机分类。本文高光谱图像空谱综合分类模型,对几何特征空间下的超像元分割与光谱特征空间下的子空间投影支持向量机（SVMsub）,采用分割后进行特征融合的处理方式,将像元级别转换为面向对象的超像元级别,实现高光谱图像空谱综合分类。结果 在AVIRIS（airbone visible/infrared imaging spectrometer）获取的Indian Pines数据和Reflective ROSIS（optics system spectrographic imaging system）传感器获取的University of Pavia数据实验中,子空间投影算法比对应的非子空间投影算法的分类精度高,特别是在样本数较少的情况下,分类效果提升明显;利用马尔可夫随机场或超像元融合空间信息的算法比对应的没有融合空间信息的算法的分类精度高;在两组数据均使用少于1%的训练样本情况下,同时融合了超像元和子空间投影的支持向量机算法在两组实验中分类精度均为最高,整体分类精度高出其他相关算法4%左右。结论 利用超像元处理可以有效融合空间信息,降低同物异谱对分类结果的不利影响;采用子空间投影能够将高光谱数据变换到低维空间中,实现有限训练样本条件下的高精度分类;结合超像元和子空间投影支持向量机的算法能够得到较高的高光谱图像分类精度。     

A local-spectral fuzzy segmentation for MSG multispectral images

In this article, a segmentation approach for cloud detection in Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) multispectral images is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses recursive segmentation that dynamically reduces the number of classes. This algorithm consists of two steps. First, an initial segmentation of the image is obtained using local fuzzy clustering. The clustering algorithm is formulated by modifying the similarity measure of the standard fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm. The new similarity function includes the spectral information as well as the homogeneity and spatial clustering information of each considered pixel. In the second step, a hierarchical region-merging process is used to reduce the number of image clusters. At each iteration, the segmentation algorithm proceeds with a new partition until the final result of the segmentation is obtained. The proposed method has been tested using synthetic and MSG images. It yields a compact and coherent segmentation map, with a satisfactory reproduction of the image contours. Moreover, the different types of clouds are well detected and separated with appropriate accuracy.     

基于谱聚类的多闭值图像分割方法

阈值法是图像分割的一种重要方法,在图像处理与目标识别中广为应用。因此,如何确定阈值是图像分割的关键。提出了一种新的图像阈值分割方法,即通过采用新的相似度函数的谱聚类算法(Dcut)确定图像阈值。采用基于灰度级的权值矩阵代替常用的基于图像像素级的权值矩阵描述图像像素的关系,因而算法需要的存储空间及实现的复杂性与其它基于图的图像分割方法相比大大减少。实验表明,该方法分割图像的时间少,且能够单阈值和多阈值分割图像,与现有的阈值分割方法相比,其具有更为优越的分割性能。     

改进的图谱理论阈值分割方法

针对现有的基于归一化的图谱理论阈值分割算法的权值计算公式没有充分考虑像素点的关联,在图像含有弱边界时很难得到真实解,导致图像细节分割不理想的问题,本算法首先使用高斯混合模型构造新的约束条件引入到权值计算中,使得权值计算充分地考虑像素点之间的关联。在计算图谱划分测度前,本算法通过高斯混合模型的均值参数自适应确定门限值的分布区间,较大地提高了图谱划分测度计算的效率。实验结果表明,相对于现有的基于归一化的图谱理论的阈值分割方法,本文算法具有较好的分割效果,可以保留图像更多细节。