Colonial Settlers and the Metropole: racial discourse in the early 19th-century Cape Colony, Australia and New Zealand

The ways that British settlers in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, particularly those engaged in the extension of commercial sheep farming, constructed a certain discourse of colonialism during the first half of the 19th century are discussed. It is argued that this discourse was formulated, at least in part, in opposition to that of humanitarians within each colony and in Britain, who challenged settler capitalist practices on the fringes of Britain's expanding empire. Representations of a civilizing impact on the landscape were one component of the new racialized understandings and identities that settlers at each site constructed in their defence. Through attention to three colonial sites and their relations with each other and with the metropole, it is aimed to highlight the ways in which discourses of colonial landscapes and their inhabitants travelled across an imperial terrain.     

The Role of Cadastral Surveys and Maps in Land Settlement from England

The role of surveying and mapping the landscapes of colonial settlement is discussed. Cadastral maps (maps of landed property) have been used since the end of the Middle Ages by individuals and institutions to establish title to land. From the 17th century, cadastral maps were used by state governments in both the Old and New Worlds to organize, control and record the settlement of 'empty' landscapes. Maps were the instruments that enabled the settlement ideals of colonial governments to be realized. These ranged from the encouragement of large plantations, as on the southern seaboard of North America, to individual proprietorship of holdings disposed with the regularity of the grid, as with the federal land disposals of the USA. They also encompassed the strict limitation of land availability in order to establish a capitalist society with farmers and wage labourers, as in the Wakefield settlements of Australia and New Zealand.     

The Role of Cadastral Surveys and Maps in Land Settlement from England

The role of surveying and mapping the landscapes of colonial settlement is discussed. Cadastral maps (maps of landed property) have been used since the end of the Middle Ages by individuals and institutions to establish title to land. From the 17th century, cadastral maps were used by state governments in both the Old and New Worlds to organize, control and record the settlement of 'empty' landscapes. Maps were the instruments that enabled the settlement ideals of colonial governments to be realized. These ranged from the encouragement of large plantations, as on the southern seaboard of North America, to individual proprietorship of holdings disposed with the regularity of the grid, as with the federal land disposals of the USA. They also encompassed the strict limitation of land availability in order to establish a capitalist society with farmers and wage labourers, as in the Wakefield settlements of Australia and New Zealand.     

塞尔达新城规划中的乌托邦人道主义思想

塞尔达的新城规划的目标就是设计一个为自己心中的理想社会服务的城市,所以塞尔达先为城市居民设想好了理想的社会生活,然后再给了他们城市蓝图。他的规划从城区关系到街区划分无不体现了他的人道主义理想。     

四川省会理县建筑环境人文特色浅析

随着社会的发展,人们越来越深刻地意识到传统人文特色对于建筑环境的重要性,该文以四川省会理县为例,从人居环境、建筑艺术以及建筑所蕴含的人文精神等角度阐述了传统人文特色在建筑环境设计中的重要地位.     

关于生态建筑的几点认识和思考(一)

因参与了一项生态建筑的设计和研究、初步实践,我们觉得有价值的是我们从一项实际工程的试验性实践着手,来领会和研究“生态建筑”的真实含义,来接触和解决面临的种种矛盾和问题,这使我们对生态建筑的真谛加深了理解。文章所谈的是我们对此初步的几点认识和思考：①关于生态建筑的概念;②生态建筑的意义所在;③生态建筑存在的道德基础与经济评价;④生态建筑的设计原则     

建筑创作的话语与当前问题

该文提出当代中国建筑创作是一项创造性和艺术性地反映先进文化的社会实践活动。从建筑创作手法而言,应有所创造;从创作理论而言,应有思想性和艺术必,建筑创作方式而言,建筑作品对应先进的文化标尺,该文指出了当前建筑创作中的失语现象,通过分析之后阐明,在当代中国建筑创作走向成功之路上,应该克服消费化,复制化,庸俗化三个方面的问题。     

Edge of Empire: transnationalism and identity in Wellington, New Zealand, ca . 1860- ca . 1920

Aspects of transnationalism and identity in the period from the 1860s to the mid 1920s, which set in motion a form of globalization related to empire, are focused upon. The notion of 'regimes of representation' is adapted as a broad conceptual framework for exploring the role of colonial directories in establishing the identity of metropolitan commercial culture in Wellington, New Zealand. This outpost of empire is examined through a detailed analysis of the images presented in a series of directories by Kelly's and Wise. These reveal how British commerce established a strong and lasting identity in the colony through a variety of 'acts of representation'. It is concluded that colonial directories are a worthwhile but neglected source for exploring the geographies of empire.     

Fermentation and elutriation of primary sludge: effect of SRT on process performance

A primary sludge fermentation-elutriation pilot plant was operated using in-line and side-stream schemes. The influence of solids retention time, recirculation sludge flow-rate and solids concentration on the fermentation-elutriation process performance has been assessed in this paper. The use of high elutriation flows (12% of influent flow) improved the volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration in the effluent stream. Suspended solids removal efficiency decreased in the primary settler when the solids retention time (SRT) was increased from 4 to 8 days. Disintegration step during hydrolysis process was pointed out as the main reason for that decrease. Maximum VFA productions were achieved at SRT between 6 and 8 days at the highest elutriation flow tested for both configurations. Propionic, butyric and valeric volatile fatty acids percentage increased when total solids sludge concentrations above 23,000mgl(-1) were used. Hydrogen accumulation, causing acetogenic bacteria inhibition, was indicated as the reason for C(3)-C(5) fatty acids accumulation.     

契约实践的空间话语--城市空间的另类解读

文章从1778-1955年上海老城厢的128宗房地交易与变更的契约档案中寻找契约实践的空间话语。没有一般的话语，只有具体语境中的话语。空间话语的谱系写作是对城市空间的另类解读。契约实践的空闻话语亟需列入研究的课题。     

建筑画地位的变化

本文讨论了20世纪80年代以来建筑画地位变化。分析此变化与建筑画技术改进、话语权力等因素的关系。     

浅谈通信电源在泉三高速公路运营中的维护管理

近几年伴随着高速公路路网的大规模建设,通信系统网络越来越庞大,通信系统运行稳定性显得尤为重要。作为整个通信设备的重要组成部分——通信电源的作用也越发凸显。如何使得通信电源发挥最大的作用,为高速公路通信系统稳定运行提供保障,成为目前迫切需要思考的问题。本文主要针对通信电源在泉三高速公路运营中维护管理的一些特点,提出了初步的看法和解决方案。     

谢英俊以社会性的介入质疑现代建筑的方向

谢英俊在操作建筑时,对建材环保在地化、工法轻便简易、造价便宜化,与在地物理环境(采光、通风、隔热等)都有着极高的敏锐度;也同时会触及社会弱势族群(边缘族群、贫病残障、低收入所得者等)的居住权,与建筑专业被菁英垄断化等社会议题。这样的思考里,也有着对全球化过程中,弱势族群如何应对被资金与技术倾轧、甚至因此面临被人类生态圈淘汰的思索;看似简单的协力建造家屋,其实有着对人类现在所面临共同处境(绿色、永续、商业资本掌控、甚至生命意义)的深刻思考内涵,更是对现代主义建筑发展的质疑。     

就学术讨论的效率答诸友——话语权与学术民主

以痛快的无效、光环的无效、丰欠的无效、臆断的无效及转移的无效这5个论题为切入点,对当今建筑界的话语权及学术民主问题进行讨论,指出只有学术民主才能壮大新理论,竞争话语权.     

Privileging the “Objective”: Understanding the State’s Role in Shaping Housing Aspirations

This paper is to be read as one half of a twofold analysis of recent qualitative research on the housing aspirations of the people of Scotland, focusing specifically on the dimension of housing tenure. Moving beyond individual subjective preferences (i.e. what people “consciously” want or desire in relation to housing), this paper draws influence from David Harvey’s historical materialist approach to illustrate the importance of understanding the dialectical relation between objective reality and subjective preferences. We argue that it is by examining the broad homologies between the qualitative data on one hand, and the corresponding epochs of capital accumulation on the other, that important power structures can be made visible, and changes in housing aspirations over time better understood.