基于岩体质量指标BQ的岩质边坡工程岩体分级方法

 对于线路工程上具有普遍性的岩质边坡,因数量多,范围广,工程勘察深度相对较浅。依据规范的测试和试验,建立一种基础性岩体质量评价方法,实现边坡工程岩体分级,并根据行业要求与经验提出支护措施,对提高岩质边坡工程设计与施工的科学性无疑具有重要的意义。针对现有的《工程岩体分级标准》(GB50218-94)没有涉及边坡工程岩体分级,在深入研究和系统消化边坡工程岩体分级成果基础上,提出基于岩体质量指标BQ的岩质边坡工程岩体分级方法(简称BQ-RSlope方法)。该方法在岩体基本质量指标基础上,考虑控制边坡稳定性的主要结构面类型与延伸性、结构面产状与坡面间关系以及边坡内地下水发育程度等影响因素,对岩体基本质量指标进行修正,由此确定边坡工程岩体级别,并给出各级别边坡工程岩体自稳能力的评价。结合4个边坡工程10个坡段的应用性验证,表明依据文中方法获得的各边坡坡段的岩体质量分级以及该基于质量指标对边坡稳定性的评价结果与工程实际总体相符,提出的依据BQ的岩质边坡工程岩体分级方法是合适的。     

岩体基本质量定量分级标准BQ公式的研究

自1995 年7 月1 日起,我国施行“工程岩体分级标准”GB50218 94 ,该标准为强制性国家标准。本文论证了该标准中岩体基本质量定量分级BQ 公式的主要问题:分级因素,分级挡数和分级模式。介绍了以9 变量103 项岩体工程的野外和实验室测试数据为基础,通过相关分析,聚类分析,逐步回归和逐步判别等多种数学手段获得 BQ 公式的理论依据     

国标《工程岩体分级标准》的应用与进展

 依据已发表的与《工程岩体分级标准》(GB50218-94)(简称《国标》)相关的各类文献成果的整理与分析,对《国标》执行以来的工程应用实践效果、《国标》与RMR,Q系统及HC法等分级方法的相关性、在行业标准制订上的推动作用、以及基于《国标》的研究方法进展及相关完善建议等进行总结和综述。基于多个工程200余组实测数据的统计分析,给出《国标》BQ值与RMR分值间的综合统计回归公式,对《国标》BQ法与RMR法级别划分的对应性进行验证。研究表明,该分级方法体系严谨,具有很强的科学性和可操作性。利用岩体基本质量指标BQ,减少分级的主观性,提高分级的精度,降低工作难度,方便不同设计阶段的工程应用。另一方面,在已有实践基础上,有必要对该分级方法作进一步的修订和完善。     

基于统计岩体力学的隧道围岩分级方法

国标《工程岩体分级标准》(GB50218—94)在隧道设计阶段应用广泛,但是由于地质条件的复杂性及岩体各向异性的影响,不能精准预测施工阶段隧道围岩等级。本文基于统计岩体力学提出了针对隧道施工阶段的围岩分级方法,即通过现场岩体结构面统计和岩石力学试验,获取结构面参数和岩石力学参数,应用统计岩体力学强度理论及本构理论,获得具有各向异性特征的岩体弹性模量参数E_m,进而应用经验公式换算得到BQ值,从而确定隧道围岩基本分级。在实例中,小盘岭2号隧道GDK347+360里程处围岩设计分级为Ⅲ级;应用此方法重新分级的结果为Ⅳ级,低于设计分级,这与现场观察和监测的围岩性状吻合,说明本方法在隧道施工阶段能较为客观地反映围岩性质。以上研究结果表明,在含碳泥质板岩隧道围岩施工阶段岩体分级过程中,本方法具有良好地适用性。     

《工程岩体分级标准》与Q分类法、RMR分类法的关系及变形参数估算

通过对不同工程的100多个现场实测数据的统计分析,研究了国标《工程岩体分级标准》与Q系统分类方法、RMR分类方法之间的关系,提出了表达它们之间关系的公式和对照表。研究了国标工程岩体质量[BQ]值与岩体变形模量之间的关系,提出了由工程岩体质量[BQ]值估算岩体变形模量的经验公式。     

BQ分级法在边坡岩体基本质量分级中的应用分析

利用BQ分级法对边坡岩体质量特征进行研究,通过岩块强度及岩体完整性对工程岩体自身性质进行分级。结合主要结构面类型与延伸性修正因素λ、主要结构面产状影响修正因素K5以及地下水影响修正因素K4三个修正因素对边坡工程岩体质量进行分级,分级方法具有较强的科学性和实用性。     

国标岩体分级标准BQ的图解法表示

《工程岩体分级标准》(GB50218—94)作为适用于各类型岩石工程的岩体分级标准,其采用定性与定量相结合的分级方法,在不同岩体工程行业中得到广泛应用。但因其定性描述内容繁杂,分级依据相对笼统;定量指标BQ计算时需考虑相应限制条件,使得实用性受到一定限制。基于此,介绍应用图解法表示国标岩体分级标准BQ,将岩石单轴饱和抗压强度Rc和岩体完整性指数Kv作为纵、横坐标,同时将2个限制条件考虑进去,建立可反映岩体级别的BQ折线图。经工程实例验证表明,此方法可较方便、快捷、准确地确定待评估岩体质量级别。此外,针对BQ法局部定性特征描述与定量指标不一致的情况,利用图解法结果对BQ法岩石单轴饱和抗压强度Rc和岩体完整性指数Kv的定性划分提出相应优化建议,较原有分级标准,优化后的定性分级与岩体质量评价值的吻合度提高3%～12%。最后,对BQ图解法分级指标值的选取、修正因素对图解法评价结果的影响作有益讨论与图解表示,该研究思路与结果可为后期修正优化国标BQ法提供一定借鉴作用。     

基于BQ的破碎岩体注浆加固强度增长理论

正确评估破碎岩体注浆加固后的强度对于岩石工程设计十分重要。基于莫尔库仑强度准则,建立了注浆前后破碎岩体强度增长理论,推导出单轴抗压强度增长率、单轴抗拉强度增长率、内摩擦系数增长率和内聚力增长率之间的关系方程。根据已有的基于BQ的岩体内聚力和内摩擦角的经验公式,推导出注浆后破碎岩体内摩擦系数增长率和内聚力增长率随岩体质量指标增长量（ΔBQ）变化的表达式。再根据已有的注浆后破碎岩体单轴抗压强度增长率的经验公式和各强度增长率之间的关系方程,得到隐含ΔBQ的非线性方程,可通过数值解法求出了ΔBQ的值,进而很容易求得各强度增长率的值。分析表明,随着岩体质量指标由小到大变化,注浆后强度增长率开始较大,并很快减小,而后趋于平缓;一般情况下,内聚力增长率约为摩擦系数增长率的2～5倍,单轴抗压强度增长率约为单轴抗拉强度增长率的2～3倍。     

花岗岩风化壳分带与岩体基本质量分级关系探讨

 风化壳分带和岩体质量分级对浅埋隧道设计和施工很重要,需对这两套系统定性和定量指标做平行判别。中国东部花岗岩分布区,强风化带(IV)和全风化带(V)、岩体质量III和IV级界限划分上常存在较大分歧。据此,对此问题开展探讨,并通过大亚湾隧道工程实例予以说明。研究表明,浅埋条件下风化壳分带同岩体质量级别空间上有交叉现象,前者是宏观的,后者是细观的,前者控制后者;风化带IV,V和III,IV级岩体涉及到岩土过渡、岩体节理密度、裂隙水和孔隙水等多个指标和因素的复杂变化;岩体质量级别比风化壳带号大致高1.5。     

湖南渫水皂市水利枢纽工程岩体分级

采用国家标准“工程岩体分级标准”     

基于RMR对围岩模糊分级参数权重的正交分析

以RMR评分标准为模型构造正交试验,通过数据分析得出围岩参数的权重次序,指出此法为围岩模糊分类的权值确定提供了客观的理论依据,使得围岩模糊分类法更加实用可行。     

Comparison among different criteria of RMR and Q-system for rock mass classification for tunnelling in Korea

Recent increase in the number of tunneling projects in Korea resulted in a large amount of good quality data such as RMR and Q-value for the assessment of rock mass class. In addition, a new bidding system, so-called Turn-Key system, has also made the data quality better than ever before, due to the increase of the budget for site investigation. A conventional guideline for rock mass classification by KHC (Korea Highway Corporation) has been widely used in Korea but other forms of classification using different criteria of RMR or Q-value have been recently used. Since there have been few studies on the relationship among such different criteria on RMR or Q-value, this study mainly focuses on the comparison of the conventional guideline for rock mass classification with several individual classification schemes in Korea. Analysis of the coincidence among the different criteria using both RMR and Q-value showed that there is higher coincidence if rock mass is in relatively good condition. It was also found that there is less consistency between RMR criteria and Q-value criteria in conventional KHC Guideline for rock mass classification than the recently adopted individual criteria.     

岩体力学参数确定方法研究

结合理论及实践成果,研究探讨了岩体力学参数的确定方法,方法大致有：室内试验、现场试验、位移反分析、现场工程地质调查和室内计算等,从而准确确定岩体参数,保证模型计算结果的正确性。     

岩体基本质量围岩分级方法介绍及评析

总结了岩体基本质量分级方法的分析思路,给出了岩体基本质量分级方法的详细分级步骤,并通过分析对该围岩分级方法的科学性及可靠度进行了评价。     

Multiscale hierarchical analysis of rock mass and prediction of its mechanical and hydraulic properties

Engineering geological and hydro-geological characteristics of foundation rock and surrounding rock mass are the main factors that affect the stability of underground engineering. This paper presents the concept of multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models to describe the rock mass, including its structures in different scales and corresponding scale dependence. Four scales including regional scale, engineering scale, laboratory scale and microscale are determined, and the corresponding scale-dependent geological structures and their characterization methods are provided. Image analysis and processing method, geostatistics and Monte Carlo simulation technique are used to establish the multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models, in which the main micro- and macro-structures of rock mass in different geological units and scales are reflected and connected. A computer code is developed for numerically analyzing the strength, fracture behavior and hydraulic conductivity of rock mass using the multiscale hierarchical digital models. Using the models and methods provided in this paper, the geological information of rock mass in different geological units and scales can be considered sufficiently, and the influence of downscale characteristics (such as meso-scale) on the upscale characteristics (such as engineering scale) can be calculated by considering the discrete geological structures in the downscale model as equivalent continuous media in the upscale model. Thus the mechanical and hydraulic properties of rock mass may be evaluated rationally and precisely. The multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models and the corresponding methods proposed in this paper provide a unified and simple solution for determining the mechanical and hydraulic properties of rock mass in different scales.     

基于Mamdani模糊推理的山岭隧道围岩RMR14分级

岩体分级方法(RMR14)可充分评价岩体力学性质和结构面的条件,且可考虑初始地应力场和开挖方式等工程因素的影响,非常适用于山岭隧道围岩的评价。但RMR14评级方法的阶梯状评分会引起评分区间边界出现模糊不确定性,为更加准确地评价岩体质量,基于Mamdani模糊推理方法,引入模糊隶属函数来解决模糊不确定性问题。采用"if-then"推理法则实现多输入参数多推理规则的模糊推理,提出基于Mamdani模糊推理的RMR14岩体分级方法,并将此方法应用于独平高速漂里隧道的围岩质量评价。研究结果表明,基于Mamdani模糊推理的RMR14岩体质量分级方法既可借鉴既有工程经验,又可恰当处理评分边界的模糊不确定性问题;与直接采用RMR14分级方法相比,本文提出的模糊分级方法能更加准确评价围岩质量。     

Classification and assessment of rock mass parameters in Choghart iron mine using P-wave velocity

Engineering rock mass classification,based on empirical relations between rock mass parameters and engineering applications,is commonly used in rock engineering and forms the basis for designing rock structures.The basic data required may be obtained from visual observation and laboratory or field tests.However,owing to the discontinuous and variable nature of rock masses,it is difficult for rock engineers to directly obtain the specific design parameters needed.As an alternative,the use of geophysical methods in geomechanics such as seismography may largely address this problem.In this study,25 seismic profiles with the total length of 543 m have been scanned to determine the geomechanical properties of the rock mass in blocks Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ-2 of the Choghart iron mine.Moreover,rock joint measurements and sampling for laboratory tests were conducted.The results show that the rock mass rating(RMR) and Q values have a close relation with P-wave velocity parameters,including P-wave velocity in field(V_(PF)).P-wave velocity in the laboratory(V_(PL)) and the ratio of V_(PF) V_(PL)(i.e.K_p = V_(PF)/V_(PL).However,Q value,totally,has greater correlation coefficient and less error than the RMR,In addition,rock mass parameters including rock quality designation(RQD),uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),joint roughness coefficient(JRC) and Schmidt number(RN) show close relationship with P-wave velocity.An equation based on these parameters was obtained to estimate the P-wave velocity in the rock mass with a correlation coefficient of 91%.The velocities in two orthogonal directions and the results of joint study show that the wave velocity anisotropy in rock mass may be used as an efficient tool to assess the strong and weak directions in rock mass.