Adaptive multilevel rough entropy evolutionary thresholding

In this study, comprehensive research into rough set entropy-based thresholding image segmentation techniques has been performed producing new and robust algorithmic schemes. Segmentation is the low-level image transformation routine that partitions an input image into distinct disjoint and homogenous regions using thresholding algorithms most often applied in practical situations, especially when there is pressing need for algorithm implementation simplicity, high segmentation quality, and robustness. Combining entropy-based thresholding with rough set results in the rough entropy thresholding algorithm.The authors propose a new algorithm based on granular multilevel rough entropy evolutionary thresholding that operates on a multilevel domain. The MRET algorithm performance has been compared to the iterative RET algorithm and standard k-means clustering methods on the basis of β-index as a representative validation measure. Performance in experimental assessment suggests that granular multilevel rough entropy threshold based segmentations - MRET - present high quality, comparable with and often better than k-means clustering based segmentations. In this context, the rough entropy evolutionary thresholding MRET algorithm is suitable for specific segmentation tasks, when seeking solutions that incorporate spatial data features with particular characteristics.     

低对比度图像的自适应阈值化算法

在处理光照不均匀的图像分割时用常用的阈值分割方法不能得到良好的分割效果。提出通过小波多分辨力滤波将滤波以后的低通图像作为图像的自适应阈值进行二值化 ,获得了比较理想的效果。该算法在枪支在线OCR识别系统中得到实际应用。     

图像阈值化的自适应粗糙熵方法

摘 要：目的：图像阈值化将灰度图像转换为二值图像,被广泛应用于多个领域。因实际工程应用中固有的不确定性,自动阈值选择仍然是一个极具挑战的课题。针对图像自动阈值化问题,提出了一种利用粗糙集的自适应方法。方法：该方法分析了基于粗糙集的图像表示框架,建立了图像粗糙粒度与局部灰度标准差的相互关系,通过最小化自适应粗糙粒度准则获得最优的划分粒度。进一步在该粒度下构造了图像目标和背景的上下近似集及其粗糙不确定度,通过搜索灰度级最大化粗糙熵获得图像最优灰度阈值,并将图像目标和背景的边界作为过渡区,利用其灰度均值作为阈值完成图像二值化。结果：对所提出的方法通过多个图像分三组进行了实验比较,包括三种经典阈值化方法和一种利用粗糙集的方法。其中,所提出的方法生成的可视化二值图像结果远远优于传统粗糙集阈值化方法。此外,也采用了误分率、平均结构相似性、假阴率和假阳率等指标进一步量化评估与比较相关实验结果。定性和定量的实验结果表明,所提出方法的图像分割质量较高、性能稳定。结论：所提出的方法适应能力较好,具有合理性和有效性,可以作为现有经典方法的有力补充。     

Adaptive thresholding of tomograms by projection distance minimization

Segmentation is an important step to obtain quantitative information from tomographic data sets. However, it is usually not possible to obtain an accurate segmentation based on a single, global threshold. Instead, local thresholding schemes can be applied that use a varying threshold. Selecting the best local thresholds is not a straightforward task, as local image features often do not provide sufficient information for choosing a proper threshold.Recently, the concept of projection distance was proposed by the authors as a new criterion for evaluating the quality of a tomogram segmentation [K.J. Batenburg, J. Sijbers, Automatic threshold selection for tomogram segmentation by reprojection of the reconstructed image, in: Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, in: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4673, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2007, pp. 563-570.]. In this paper, we describe how projection distance minimization (PDM) can be used to select local thresholds, based on the available projection data from which the tomogram was initially computed.The results of several experiments are presented in which our local thresholding approach is compared with alternative thresholding methods. These results demonstrate that the local thresholding approach yields segmentations that are significantly more accurate compared to previously published methods, in particular when the initial reconstruction contains artifacts.     

针对等价指令替换变形的归一化研究

针对等价指令替换常用变形技术提出了相应的归一化方法。该方法先通过引入标准指令和建立等价转换规则来对检测代码进行重写处理;然后,再根据各基本块的数据依赖图对标准指令顺序进行调整。在该方法基础上,提出了一种综合归一化方案,该方案旨在能有效应对现实中使用了多种常用变形技术的恶意代码。最后以Win32.Evol,Win32.Zperm和Win32.Bistro为对象的实例研究验证了该方案的有效性。     

红外图像自适应归一化算法

提出了一种新颖的、基于灰度统计的简单高效红外图像归一化算法,其最大特点是能自动适应像素灰度值存在若干聚集区间的情形,且便于现场可编程门阵列（Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA）的实时实现。     

Local entropy-based transition region extraction and thresholding

Transition region based thresholding is a newly developed approach for image segmentation in recent years. Gradient-based transition region extraction methods (G-TREM) are greatly affected by noise. Local entropy in information theory represents the variance of local region and catches the natural properties of transition regions. In this paper, we present a novel local entropy-based transition region extraction method (LE-TREM), which effectively reduces the affects of noise. Experimental results demonstrate that LE-TREM significantly outperforms the conventional G-TREM.     

基于平稳Contourlet变换的自适应阈值去噪

应用平稳Contourlet变换,具有平移不变性,且能有效表示图像几何纹理信息.在去噪应用中采用自适应的Bayes阈值方法,结合硬阈值方法实现图像去噪.试验结果表明,该方法提高了去噪后图像的PSNR,同时有效保存了图像纹理信息,视觉效果更好.     

Gray level difference-based transition region extraction and thresholding

Thresholding method based on transition region is a newly developed approach for image segmentation in recent years. In this paper, a novel transition region extraction and thresholding method based on gray level difference is proposed by analyzing properties of transition region. The gray level difference can effectively represent the essence of transition region. Hence, the proposed algorithm can accurately extract transition region of an image and get ideal segmentation result. The proposed algorithm was compared with two classic transition region-based methods on a variety of synthetic and real world images, and the experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm.     

Adaptive thresholding HOSVD with rearrangement of tensors for image denoising

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Image denoising is a widely used approach in the field of image processing, which restores image more accurately. In particular, higher-order singular value...     

基于泊松填充的纹理自适应插值方法

针对新图形技术条件下的纹理合成问题,提出一种纹理插值方法,可将源纹理图像自适应拉伸为不同尺寸的纹理图像并保持其清晰度不改变。首先,采用高维图像插值算法将源纹理裂变为目标纹理分辨率,作为中间过渡纹理;其次,利用自然图像的自相似性,依据中间纹理像素特征随机从源纹理中选取像素块;最后,使用泊松图像编辑算法将源纹理像素块平滑嵌入到中间纹理的间隙区域,得到最终的合成纹理。通过与现有算法的大量对比实验表明,该算法对静态和非静态纹理合成问题都能适用,且合成结果与源纹理具有较高的视觉一致性。另外,该算法逻辑简单、计算快速,无法复杂优化计算或者学习训练步骤,适合在低硬件配置的移动平台应用。     

自适应尺度的双边纹理滤波方法

目前已有的结构保持的纹理平滑方法主要是利用矩形片内的统计量来区分纹理和结构,但是所用的矩形片边长是单一尺度的,这将导致含有尖锐结构或结构在多个尺度上的图像出现纹理过平滑或未平滑的现象。为此,提出一种自适应尺度的双边纹理滤波方法。首先,通过对局部区域进行统计分析,从给定候选值中自适应地为每个像素选取合适的矩形片边长,对于均匀的纹理区域,选取较大的矩形片边长,对于邻近特征边的区域选取较小边长;其次,利用自适应的矩形片边长计算引导图像;最后,对原始图像进行引导双边滤波。实验结果表明,所提方法能够在保持图像结构的同时更好地平滑纹理。     

Image bilevel thresholding based on stable transition region set

We utilize the linear system theory to establish a theory model of transition region. With the model, we reveal an important property of transition region, namely the gray level distribution symmetry. Utilizing the property, we propose a new thresholding framework based on stable transition region set. The elements of the stable transition region set are equal or close to each other in the average gray level. As an example of the proposed framework, we have shown that the feature transformation based on the multiscale gradient multiplication technology is an effective means of estimating the threshold. We have performed subjective and objective comparisons on both synthetic and real images. The experimental results show the segmentation quality of the proposed approach is superior to three conventional transition region-based thresholding methods.     

Adaptive texture space shading for stochastic rendering

When rendering effects such as motion blur and defocus blur, shading can become very expensive if done in a naïve way, i.e. shading each visibility sample. To improve performance, previous work often decouple shading from visibility sampling using shader caching algorithms. We present a novel technique for reusing shading in a stochastic rasterizer. Shading is computed hierarchically and sparsely in an object‐space texture, and by selecting an appropriate mipmap level for each triangle, we ensure that the shading rate is sufficiently high so that no noticeable blurring is introduced in the rendered image. Furthermore, with a two‐pass algorithm, we separate shading from reuse and thus avoid GPU thread synchronization. Our method runs at real‐time frame rates and is up to 3 × faster than previous methods. This is an important step forward for stochastic rasterization in real time.     

Adaptive contourlet-wavelet iterative shrinkage/thresholding for remote sensing image restoration

In this paper, we present an adaptive two-step contourlet-wavelet iterative shrinkage/thresholding （TcwlST） algorithm for remote sensing image restoration. This algorithm can be used to deal with various linear inverse problems （LIPs）, including image deconvolution and reconstruction. This algorithm is a new version of the famous two-step iterative shrinkage/thresholding （TWIST） algorithm. First, we use the split Bregrnan Rudin-Osher-Fatemi （ROF） model, based on a sparse dictionary, to decompose the image into cartoon and texture parts, which are represented by wavelet and contourlet, respectively. Second, we use an adaptive method to estimate the regularization parameter and the shrinkage threshold. Finally, we use a linear search method to find a step length and a fast method to accelerate convergence. Results show that our method can achieve a signal-to-noise ratio improvement （ISNR） for image restoration and high convergence speed.     

Adaptive normalization of handwritten characters using global/localaffine transformation

This paper introduces an adaptive or category-dependent normalization method that normalizes an input pattern against each reference pattern using global/local affine transformation (GAT/LAT) in a hierarchical manner as a general deformation model. Also, the normalization criterion is clearly defined as minimization of the mean of nearest-neighbor interpoint distances between each reference pattern and a normalized input pattern. Optimal GAT/LAT is determined by iterative application of weighted least-squares fitting techniques. Experiments using input patterns of 3,171 character categories, including Kanji, Kana, and alphanumerics, written by 36 people in the cursive style against square-style reference patterns show that the proposed method not only can absorb a fairly large amount of handwriting fluctuation within the same category, but the discrimination ability is greatly improved by the suppression of excessive normalization against similarly shaped but different categories. Furthermore, comparative results obtained by the conventional shape normalization method for preprocessing are presented     

Color image segmentation based on homogram thresholding and region merging

In this paper, a color image segmentation approach based on homogram thresholding and region merging is presented. The homogram considers both the occurrence of the gray levels and the neighboring homogeneity value among pixels. Therefore, it employs both the local and global information. Fuzzy entropy is utilized as a tool to perform homogram analysis for finding all major homogeneous regions at the first stage. Then region merging process is carried out based on color similarity among these regions to avoid oversegmentation. The proposed homogram-based approach (HOB) is compared with the histogram-based approach (HIB). The experimental results demonstrate that the HOB can find homogeneous regions more effectively than HIB does, and can solve the problem of discriminating shading in color images to some extent.     

Boundary-aware texture region segmentation from manga

Computational Visual Media - Due to the lack of color in manga (Japanese comics), black-and-white textures are often used to enrich visual experience. With the rising need to digitize manga,...     

融合局部特征的图像过渡区提取与阈值化

针对图像过渡区提取与阈值化问题,提出了一种融合局部灰度复杂度和局部灰度差异度的方法。首先生成图像的局部复杂度和局部差异度等局部灰度特征;其次融合这些局部灰度特征构造新的特征矩阵;然后设计了与特征矩阵的均值和标准差相关的自动特征阈值,并提取图像过渡区;最后将过渡区像素的灰度均值作为最优灰度阈值完成图像二值化。实验结果表明,所提方法的过渡区提取质量高,分割效果好,具有合理性和有效性,可作为经典方法的有效补充。