Effect of 18∶1n−9, 20∶5n−3, and 22∶6n−3 on lipid accumulation and secretion by atlantic salmon hepatocytes

We have studied the effects of dietary FA on the accumulation and secretion of [³H]glycerolipids by salmon hepatocytes in culture. Atlantic salmon were fed diets supplemented with either 100% soybean oil (SO) or 100% fish oil (FO), and grew from an initial weight of 113±5 g to a final weight of 338 ±19 g. Hepatocytes were isolated from both dietary groups and incubated with [³H]glycerol in an FA-free medium; a medium supplemented with 0.75 mM of one of three FA—18∶1n−9, 20∶5n−3, or 22∶6n−3—or a medium supplemented with 0.75 mM of the sulfur-substituted FA analog tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA), which cannot undergo β-oxidation. Incubations were allowed to proceed for 1,2,6, or 24 h. The rate of the secretion of radioactive glycerolipids with no FA added was 36% lower from hepatocytes isolated from fish fed the FO diet than it was from hepatocytes isolated from fish fed the SO diet. Hepatocytes incubated with 18∶1n−9 secreted more [³H]TAG than when incubated with no FA, whereas hepatocytes incubated with 20∶5n−3 or TTA secreted less labeled TAG than when incubated with no FA. This observation was independent of the feeding group. Hepatocytes incubated with 22∶6n−3 secreted the highest amounts of total [³H]glycerolipids compared with the other treatments, owing to increased secretion of phospholipids and mono- and diacylglycerols (MDG). In contrast, the same amounts of [³H]TAG were secreted from these cells as from cells incubated in an FA-free medium. The lipid-lowering effect of FO is thus independent of 22∶6n−3, showing that 20∶5n−3 is the FA that is responsible for the lipid-lowering effect. The ratio of TAG to MDG in lipids secreted from hepatocytes to which 20∶5n−3 or TTA had been added was lower than that in lipids secreted from hepatocytes incubated with 18∶1n−9 or 22∶6n−3, suggesting that the last step in TAG synthesis was inhibited. Morphometric measurements revealed that hepatocytes incubated with 20∶5n−3 accumulated significantly more cellular lipid than cells treated with 18∶1n−9, 22∶6n−3, TTA, or no treatment. The area occupied by mitochondria was also greater in these cells. The present study shows that dietary FO reduces TAG secretion from salmon hepatocytes and that 20∶5n−3 mediates this effect.     

cis-4,7,10,trans-13–22∶4 fatty acid distribution in phospholipids of pectinid species Aequipecten opercularis and Pecten maximus

The distribution of cis-4,7,10,trans-13-docosate-traenoic (c4,7,10,t13–22∶4), a peculiar FA previously isolated in the glycerophospholipids of some pectinid bivalves, was investigated in glycerophospholipid classes and subclasses of separated organs (gills, mantle, gonads, and muscle) of the queen scallop Aequipecten opercularis and the king scallop Pecten maximus. Plasmalogen (Pls) and diacyl + alkyl (Ptd) forms of serine, ethanolamine, and choline glycerophospholipids were isolated by HPLC and their FA compositions analyzed by GC-FID. Pls and Ptd forms of serine glycerophospholipids (PlsSer and PtdSer), and to a lesser extend the Pls form of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (PlsEtn), were found to be specifically enriched with c4,7,10,t13–22∶4. This specificity was found to decrease in the tested organs in the following order: gills, mantle, gonad, and muscle. In gills, c4,7,10,t13–22∶4 was shown to be the main unsaturated FA of serine glycerophospholipids in both Pls and Ptd forms (23.8 and 19.4 mol%, respectively, for A. opercularis, and 21.0 and 26.2 mol% for P. maximus). These results represent the first comprehensive report on the FA composition of plasmalogen serine subclass isolated from pectinid bivalves. The specific association of the PlsSer with the c4,7,10,t13–22∶4 for the two pectinid species can be paralleled to the specific association of the PlsSer with the non-methylene interrupted (NMI) FA and 20∶1(n−11) observed in mussels, clams, and oysters (Kraffe, E., Soudant, P., and Marty, Y. (2004) Fatty Acids of Serine, Ethanolamine and Choline Plasmalogens in Some Marine Bivalves, Lipids 39, 59–66.) This, led us to hypothesize a similar functional significance for c4,7,10,t13–22∶4, NMI FA, and 20∶1(n−11) associated with PlsSer subclass of bivalves.     

Alteration of 20∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3 fat contents and liver peroxisomal activities in fenofibrate-treated rainbow trout

Fish easily accumulate n−3 PUFA of exogenous origin, but the underlying mechanisms are not well established in the whole animal. This study was undertaken to investigate whether this feature was physiologically associated with mitochondrial and peroxisomal capacities that differentially affect FA oxidation. For this purpose, peroxisomal FA oxidation was increased by treating rainbow trout with fenofibrate, which strongly stimulates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in rodents. Diets containing EPA and DHA, with or without fenofibrate added, were administered to male trout for 12 d. After treatment, neither liver hypertrophy nor accumulation of fat was apparent within the liver and muscle cells. However, fenofibrate treatment decreased the contents of EPA and DHA in the liver, white muscle, and intraperitoneal fat tissue, which represented (per whole body) at least 280 mg less than in controls. Carnitine-dependent palmitate oxidation rates, expressed per gram of liver, were slightly increased by fenofibrate when measured from tissue homogenates and were unchanged when calculated from isolated mitochondria, relative to control fish. The treatment altered neither carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity rates, expressed per gram of liver, nor the sensitivity of the enzyme to malonyl-CoA inhibition, but did increase the malonyl-CoA content (+45%). Meanwhile, fenofibrate increased (by about 30%) the peroxisome-related activities, i.e, catalase, carnitine-independent palmitate oxidation, acyl-CoA oxidase, and the peroxisomal FA-oxidizing system, relative to the control group. The data strongly suggest that the induction of peroxisomal activities, some of which being able to oxidize very long chain FA, was responsible for the lower contents of EPA and DHA in the body lipids of fenofibrate-treated trout.     

High dietary 18∶3n−3 increases the 18∶3n−3 but not the 22∶6n−3 content in the whole body, brain, skin, epididymal fat pads, and muscles of suckling rat pups

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that increasing maternal dietary 18∶3n−3 by decreasing the 18∶2n−6/18∶3n−3 ratio will increase the 18∶3n−3 and 22∶6n−3 content of the whole body, liver, skin (epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue), epididymal fat pads, and muscles (arms and legs) of 2-wk-old rat pups. Sprague-Dawley dams at parturition were fed semipurified diets containing either a low (18∶2n−6 to 18∶3n−3 ratio of 24.7∶1) or a high (18∶2n−6 to 18∶3n−3 ratio of 1.0∶1) 18∶3n−3 fatty acid content. During the first 2 wk of life, rat pups received only their dams' milk. Fatty acid composition of the pups' stomach contents (dams' milk), whole body, brain, liver, skin, epididymal fat pads, and muscles was determined. The stomach fatty acid composition of 18∶3n−3 reflected the dams' diet. The content of 18∶3n−3 in whole body, brain, liver, skin, epididymal fat pads, and muscles was significantly (P<0.05) greater in rat pups fed the high compared with the low 18∶3n−3 fatty acid diet. The 22∶6n−3 content of the whole body, brain, skin, epididymal fat pads, and muscles was not quantitatively different in rat pups fed either the low or high 18∶3n−3 fatty acid diet. The 20∶5n−3 and 22∶5n−3 content of the whole body, skin, and epididymal fat pads was significantly increased in rat pups fed the high compared with the low 18∶3n−3 fatty acid diet. High content of 18∶3n−3 was found in the skin of rat pups fed either a low or high 18∶3n−3 fatty acid diet. These findings demonstrate that high maternal dietary 18∶3n−3 significantly increases the 18∶3n−3 but not the 22∶6n−3 content of the whole body, brain, skin, epididymal fat pads, and muscles with approximately 39 and 41% of the whole body 18∶3n−3 content being deposited in the skin of suckling rat pups fed either the low or high 18∶3n−3 diet, respectively.     

A new diacylgalactolipid containing 4Z-16∶1 from the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp

A new diacylgalactolipid was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp., and the structure was elucidated as (2S)-3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-1-O-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-2-O-(4Z-hexadecenoyl)glycerol by enzymatic partial hydrolysis using lipase and physicochemical evidence, which included determining the double bond position in the hexadecenoic acid moiety.     

基于NaYF4∶Yb,Er@YVO4∶Eu纳米荧光材料的双模式手印显现

采用溶剂热法合成出NaYF4∶Yb,Er@YVO4∶Eu核壳型纳米荧光材料,对纳米材料的微观形貌和光学性能进行了表征,将合成的纳米荧光粉末应用于常见客体表面潜在手印的双模式显现,并考察了手印显现的对比度、灵敏度、选择性、适用性和抗背景干扰能力.研究结果表明,经NaYF4∶Yb,Er@YVO4∶Eu核壳型纳米荧光材料显现...     

Influences of dietary n−3 long-chain PUFA on body concentrations of 20∶5n−3, 22∶5n−3, and 22∶6n−3 in the larvae of a marine teleost fish from Australian waters,the striped trumpeter (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Latris lineata</Emphasis>)

We determined the effect of dietary long-chain (≥C₂₀) PUFA (LC-PUFA), 20∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3, on larval striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) biochemistry through early development and during live feeding with rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). Rotifers were enriched using seven experimental emulsions formulated with increasing concentrations of n−3 LC-PUFA, mainly 20∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3. Enriched rotifer n−3 LC-PUFA concentrations ranged from 10–30 mg/g dry matter. Enriched rotifers were fed to striped trumpeter larvae from 5 to 18 d post-hatch (dph) in a short-term experiment to minimize gross deficiency symptoms such as poor survival that could confound results. No relationships were observed between larval growth or survival with dietary n−3 LC-PUFA at 18 dph. The larval FA profiles generally reflected those of the rotifer diet, and significant positive regressions were observed between most dietary and larval FA at 10, 14, and 18 dph. The major exception observed was an inverse relationship between dietary and larval 22∶5n−3. The presence of 22∶5n−3 in elevated amounts when dietary 22∶5n−3. The presence of 22∶5n−3 in elevated amounts when dietary 22∶6n−3 was depressed suggests that elongation of 20∶5n−3 may be occurring in an attempt to raise body concentrations of 22∶6n−3. We hypothesize that accumulation of 22∶5n−3 might be an early indicator of 22∶6n−3 deficiency in larval fish that precedes a reduction in growth or survival. A possible role of 22∶5n−3 as a biochemical surrogate for 22∶6n−3 is discussed.     

ICBTFT9E3加弹性能的改进

本文介绍了对法国ＩＣＴＦＴ９Ｅ３加机工艺性能进行改进的原因，经过、理论依据及改进结果。阐明加捻区数分布是影响ＤＴＹ弹性、蓬松性及手感等指标的至关重要的因素，也是中弹机工艺设计中必须重点考虑的问题。     

7H-三呋咱并[3,4-b∶3',4'-f∶3",4"-d]氮杂环庚三烯及新型含能衍生物合成及性能的理论计算

以3,4-双(3'-硝基呋咱-4'-基)氧化呋咱(DNTF)为原料,经亲核取代、环化、还原反应得到7H-三呋咱并[3,4-b:3',4'-f:3″,4″-d]氮杂环庚三烯(HTFAZ);利用HTFAZ的反应活性,自主设计合成了两种新型含能化合物7-(2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-三呋咱并[3,4-b:3',4'-f:3″,4″-d]氮杂环庚三烯(化合物1)和7-(2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基苯基)-三呋咱并[3,4-b:3',4'-f:3″,4″-d]氮杂环庚三烯(化合物2),并采用红外、核磁(1H NMR、13C NMR)、元素分析等进行了结构表征;采用DSC方法研究了化合物1和化合物2的热性能;采用Kamlet-Jacobs方程预估了两种化合物的爆轰性能。结果表明,改进HTFAZ的合成路线后,HTFAZ的收率达到63. 2%;化合物1和化合物2的热分解温度分别为371. 7℃和296. 3℃,表现出良好的热稳定性;化合物1的密度为1. 90 g/cm~3,理论爆速为8033 m/s,理论爆压为30. 11 GPa,其爆轰性能优于TNT,密度和热稳定性高于TNT和RDX。     

Yb3+∶La2CaB10O19晶体的生长

以CaB4O7为助熔剂生长出尺寸为31 mm×32 mm×12 mm、质量较好的掺Yb3+的摩尔分数分别为10%,15%的Yb3+∶La2CaB10O19(Yb3+∶LCB)单晶,生长工艺参数是:降温速率＜0.5 ℃/d,转速＜12 r/min.测试了晶体的X射线粉末衍射谱、透射光谱和粉末倍频效应,结果表明:Yb3+∶LCB晶体的粉末衍射峰与LCB的衍射峰一致;Yb3+∶LCB晶体在925, 975 nm附近有明显的吸收峰,其中975 nm附近吸收很强;倍频效应与KDP同一量级.     

Ca6Sr4(Si2O7)3Cl2∶Dy3+荧光粉的制备及其荧光性能

采用高温固相法合成了系列单相全色Ca6Sr4(Si2O7)3Cl2∶Dy3+荧光粉.通过X射线粉末衍射、荧光光谱等对合成的荧光粉样品进行了表征,并系统地研究了烧结温度、Dy3+离子掺杂量以及添加不同电荷补偿剂(Li+、Na+、K+)对样品发光强度的影响.结果表明:该荧光粉能被350nm的近紫外光有效激发;当烧结温度为950℃、Dy3+的掺杂量为4％(摩尔分数),Na+作为电荷补偿剂时,样品的荧光强度最强.     

ZnO∶Al包覆CaSiO_3∶(Pb,Mn)荧光粉(英文)

利用溶液中的共沉淀反应制备了CaSiO3∶(Pb,Mn)红色光致荧光粉。以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和AlCl3·6H2O为原料,借助CO(NH2)2水解反应,用化学均相共沉淀法和热处理工艺在荧光粉表面包覆一层ZnO∶Al透明导电薄膜。对包覆前后的样品进行了X射线衍射结构分析、光致荧光分析、透射电镜形貌观察及电阻测量。结果显示:包覆后荧光粉的电导率显著提高,但光致荧光峰的位置和强度无明显变化。综合考虑包覆对荧光粉电阻率和荧光性质的影响,优化包覆条件和热处理条件为:n(Zn)/n(Ca)=10%,n(Al)/n(Zn)=5%,75℃水解1.5h;包覆后的样品在500℃热处理45min。     

3＋9＋15×0.225HT钢丝帘线在12.00R20 20PR全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体中的应用

研究3+9+15×0.225HT钢丝帘线在12.00R20 20PR全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体中的应用。结果表明:与3+9+15×0.22+0.15NT钢丝帘线相比,3+9+15×0.225HT钢丝帘线无外缠丝,直径小,强度高,渗胶性能和抗疲劳性能好;3+9+15×0.225HT钢丝帘线替代3+9+15×0.22+0.15NT钢丝帘线用于12.00R20 20PR全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体中,成品轮胎的充气外缘尺寸符合国家标准要求,质量减小,成本降低,强度性能、耐久性能和高速性能提高。     

不锈钢复合钢板20R4-0Cr13的焊接

叙述了20R＋0Cr13（δ24＋3）不锈钢复合钢板的焊接特点和焊接工艺，认为不锈钢板在焊接过程中，接合面是影响焊接质量的关键之处，通过焊接试验确定其合理的焊接工艺，可以保证焊接接头具有良好的机械性能及耐晶间腐蚀能力。     

LaPO_4∶Ce~(3+),Tb~(3+)荧光屏的制备及表征

采用重力沉积法在石英基片上涂敷LaPO4∶Ce3+,Tb3+荧光粉制备了LaPO4∶Ce3+,Tb3+荧光屏。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和荧光分光光度计对荧光屏进行表征,研究了黏结剂、电解质、荧光粉的用量对荧光屏性能的影响。结果表明:调整黏结剂、电解质的用量可制备荧光粉和基片结合良好的荧光屏,荧光屏的主晶相仍为LaPO4。SEM分析表明荧光涂层致密、均匀,厚度约为40μm。荧光光谱分析表明,在200~300nm紫外光激发下可发射主发射峰为543nm的绿色荧光。随黏结剂用量的增加,发光强度先增大后减小,性能最佳的黏结剂体积浓度为3%;随电解质用量的增加,发射光强度先增高后降低,当其质量分数为0.01%时,发光强度最大;随着荧光粉用量的增加,透过荧光屏的发射光强度降低。     

BaSO4∶Ce3+/Tb3+发光材料的制备与表征研究

采用溶胶凝胶-沉淀法在800℃退火处理后合成了 BaSO4-SiO2∶Ce3+/Tb3+及BaSO4∶Ce3+/Tb3+发光材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)以及激发光谱、发射光谱对材料的物相及发光性能进行了表征和分析.实验考查了 Ce3+离子浓度和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)掺入对材料荧光性能的影响...     

A2(WO4)3(A∶Al,Y,Sc)粉体的制备及热膨胀性能

利用高温固相反应法制备A2W3O12(A∶Al,Sc,Y,下同)负熟膨胀材料,利用X射线衍射仪测定材科的晶体结构、晶胞参数及晶胞体积,结果表明:随A3+半径增大,A2W3O12的晶胞参数和晶胞体积增大.热膨胀系数测试结果表明:A2W3O12具有良好的负热膨胀性能,热膨胀系数绝对值随A3+半径增大而增大.以Sc2W3O12为复合相制各Si基Si/Sc2W3O12复合材料,Sc2W3O12的加入可有效降低复合材料热膨胀系数的绝对值.     

氧化法制备Lyocell纤维原液着色用自分散纳米酞菁蓝15∶3

以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)为前驱体,通过溶胶-凝胶法先在酞菁蓝15∶3表面引入双键,制得TEOS/VTES-PB;然后在碱性条件下,以双氧水为氧化剂将TEOS/VTES-PB表面的C=C氧化成COO~-,制备自分散纳米酞菁蓝15∶3(SDPB)。考察了双氧水用量、反应时间、反应温度以及pH值对SDPB粒径和Zeta电位的影响。研究表明,一个较佳的SDPB制备工艺为:双氧水用量为体系总质量分数的33%,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为5h,pH值为9.5。颜料通过红外光谱、接触角、粒径和Zeta电位进行了表征,结果表明自分散纳米酞菁蓝15∶3表面氧化生成了羧基,在水性介质中具有良好的自分散能力,同时还具有较高的耐热稳定性和离心稳定性。