轴向循环荷载作用下有矩形缺陷钢管的应变棘轮:数值模型

轴向循环荷载作用下,钢管易产生局部屈曲、起皱及塑性应变。由于反复的开启/关闭和温度变化,海底管道处于加载和卸载循环中。在工作中,由于受腐蚀,壁厚变薄,钢管通常发生材料损伤。建立数值模型,模拟循环荷载作用下有矩形缺陷钢管的棘轮性能。钢管首先受单轴轴向压缩,小幅起皱,随后施加持续轴向循环荷载。采用非线性各向同性/随动(混合)硬化模型,模型各参数通过小型试件的滞回试验获得。钢管棘轮性能的数值结果与试验数据基本吻合。相比于动力性能,表面缺陷对有缺陷钢管的棘轮性能影响更大。基于本模型,还可研究初始应变、应力振幅、加载制度、壁厚和材料硬化属性等因素对有矩形缺陷钢管的棘轮性能和连续塑性屈曲性能的影响。     

Plastic mechanism analyses of circular tubular members under cyclic loading

This paper presents plastic mechanism analyses of circular tubular members under cyclic loading. In particular, it provides new methods of analyses for circular hollow sections subjected to a constant amplitude cyclic pure bending (CCPB) and a large axial compression–tension cycle (ACTC). The procedure described herein for CCPB considers both prebuckling deformation and local buckling. The prebuckling deformation was simulated using a progressively deforming elliptical cross-section which was observed during the test. The local buckling analysis was performed using a rigid plastic mechanism analysis. Good agreement was found between the predicted and measured hysteresis. However, the present model over-estimates the strength and absorbed energy. For the ACTC, good agreement was found between the predicted and measured collapse curves within the compression half-cycle. More work is needed to model the effect of tension developed during the remaining of the loading cycle. The present models consider the actual local buckling deformation of the cross-section and also avoid the complexity involved in the numerical analyses since they provide the most commonly used closed-form solutions.     

Hysteretic behaviors of cold-formed steel beam-columns with hollow rectangular section: Experimental and numerical simulations

This paper presents a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation on the cyclic response of cold-formed steel columns with hollow rectangular sections. The present study examined the columns׳ post-buckling strength and rigidity degradation, deformation and failure modes, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity. The cold-formed steel members exhibited stable hysteretic performance up to the point of local buckling with considerable degradation in strength and ductility. The energy dissipation mechanisms from the in-plane plastic behavior and out-of-plane elastic buckling deformation were identified. The influence of the height-to-width ratio and axial-compression ratio on energy-dissipation and failure mode was also investigated.     

Plastic buckling of dented steel circular tubes under axial compression: An experimental study

This paper examines the effect of large local imperfections, known as dents, on the plastic buckling capacity of short steel tubes under axial compression. A total of 11 tests on such short columns were carried out. The specimens were indented through a separate process and the ultimate axial capacity was subsequently obtained through compression tests. Dent imperfections with various depths were introduced to different locations on the body of the specimens. Plastic buckling modes as well as the ultimate capacity of the specimens were thoroughly investigated. The adverse effect of such a local damage on the load carrying capacity was quantified for different values and types of imperfections.     

Plastic mechanism analysis of steel SHS strengthened with CFRP under large axial deformation

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening of structures has been gaining increasing interest, traditionally in application with concrete structures, and more recently in application with steel structures. This paper presents experiments and plastic mechanism analysis of steel square hollow section (SHS) tubes strengthened using externally bonded CFRP, deforming in an axi-symmetric collapse mode under quasi-static large deformation axial compression. The fold formation process of the stub column was such that the flat sides formed the well-known roof mechanism. The collapse proceeded progressively by folding about concentrated hinge lines and yielding of the four corners. An expression for the plastic collapse axial load was obtained by equating the total energy absorbed in bending and yielding to the external work carried out during deformation of the composite tube. The predicted instantaneous post-buckling and mean collapse loads are shown to compare well with the experimental results.     

A two-dimensional numerical investigation of the oscillatory flow behaviour in rectangular fire compartments with a single horizontal ceiling vent

This paper presents a comparison of fire field model predictions with experiment for the case of a fire within a compartment which is vented (buoyancydriven) to the outside by a single horizontal ceiling vent. Unlike previous work, the mathematical model does not employ a mixing ratio to represent vent temperatures but allows the model to predict vent temperatures a priori. The experiment suggests that the flow through the vent produces oscillatory behaviour in vent temperatures with puffs of smoke emerging from the fire compartment. This type of flow is also predicted by the fire field model. While the numerical predictions are in good qualitative agreement with observations, they overpredict the amplitudes of the temperature oscillations within the vent and also the compartment temperatures. The discrepancies are thought to be due to three-dimensional effects not accounted for in this model as well as using standard ‘practices’ normally used by the community with regards to discretization and turbulence models. Furthermore, it is important to note that the use of the turbulence model in a transient mode, as is used here, may have a significant effect on the results. The numerical results also suggest that a linear relationship exists between the frequency of vent temperature oscillation (n) and the heat release rate ( ) of the type , similar to that observed for compartments with two horizontal vents. This relationship is predicted to occur only for heat release rates below a critical value. Furthermore, the vent discharge coefficient is found to vary in an oscillatory fashion with a mean value of 0.58. Below the critical heat release rate the mean discharge coefficient is found to be insensitive to fire size.     

Calculating the global buckling resistance of thin-walled steel members with uniform and non-uniform elevated temperatures under axial compression

This paper develops a method, based on the Direct Strength Method (DSM) global buckling curve, to calculate the global buckling ultimate strength of cold-formed thin-walled (CF-TW) steel members under uniform and non-uniform elevated temperatures. The assessment is carried out by checking the DSM curve-based results with numerical simulation results using the general finite element software ABAQUS. The numerical model has been validated against a series of ambient temperature and fire tests on panels made of two different lipped channel sections tested to their ultimate load carrying capacities at ambient temperature or to their fire resistance at different load levels. The validated numerical model has been used to generate a database of numerical results of load carry capacity of CF-TW members with different uniform and non-uniform temperature distributions in the cross-sections under different boundary and loading conditions and with different dimensions. It is concluded that the DSM global buckling column curve is directly applicable for uniform temperature but a simple modification is required for non-uniform temperature distributions.     

核心高强钢管混凝土柱轴心受压的机理及计算

探讨了核心钢管混凝土柱的工作机理,根据10根核心高强钢管混凝土柱轴心受压的试验分析,提出了核心高强钢管混凝土柱轴心受压承载力的计算公式,并给出了设计建议。     

加载方式对钢管自密实混凝土加固RC圆柱受力性能影响的研究

将实际工程中钢管自密实混凝土加固柱的加载方式归纳成非对称加载、全截面加载、荷载仅施加于混凝土等3种。进行这3种加载方式对钢管自密实混凝土加固RC圆柱受力性能影响的试验研究,并采用ABAQUS有限元软件对加固柱的荷载-变形曲线进行数值仿真分析,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。通过ABAQUS有限元软件分析在后浇自密实混凝土强度、钢管壁厚以及钢管屈服强度不同参数影响下,3种加载方式对加固柱受力性能的影响。结果表明:非对称加载和荷载仅施加于混凝土上时,钢管后期横向应力远大于全截面加载方式,套箍作用更明显;增大钢管壁厚和钢管屈服强度能改善加固柱延性,但对全截面加载方式延性改善最为明显;加载方式主要影响试件的套箍作用、刚度以及延性,对承载力提升不明显。     

Application of the Direct Strength Method to local buckling resistance of thin-walled steel members with non-uniform elevated temperatures under axial compression

This paper assesses the applicability of the Direct Strength Method (DSM) to calculating the local buckling ultimate strength of cold-formed thin-walled (CF-TW) steel members with non-uniform elevated temperature distributions in the cross-section. The assessment was carried out by checking the DSM calculation results with numerical simulation results using the general finite element software ABAQUS which was validated against ambient and uniform elevated temperature tests on short lipped channel sections. The validated numerical model was used to generate an extensive database (372 models) of numerical results of load carry capacity of CF-TW members with different uniform and non-uniform temperature distributions in the cross-sections, under different boundary and loading conditions and with different dimensions and lengths. It was concluded that the DSM local buckling curve was directly applicable for columns with uniform temperature distributions in the cross-section. For columns with non-uniform temperature distributions, a modification to the local buckling curve was necessary and this paper has proposed a new curve.     

A study on the seismic performance of concrete-filled square steel tube column-to-beam connections reinforced with asymmetric lower diaphragms

This paper studies the development of the through-type concrete-filled square steel tube column-to-beam connection, reinforced with an asymmetric lower diaphragm. This type of connection can be used in weak-earthquake regions such as Korea. A simple tension test was performed on the suggested lower diaphragms and the combined cross diaphragm in order to confirm their tensile behavior. Subsequently, four types of concrete-filled square steel tube column-to-beam connection (with combined cross diaphragm, nothing, horizontal T-bar and vertical plate as lower diaphragm) were fabricated in actual size and tested according to the ANSI/AISC SSPEC 2002 cyclic loading program. The horizontal T-bar and stud bolts in the vertical plates were designed to transmit the tensile stress from the bottom flange of the beam to the filled concrete. All the test specimens satisfied the 0.01 radian inelastic rotation capacity requirements for the composite ordinary moment frame (C-OMF) of the AISC seismic provisions. It was concluded that the suggested simplified lower diaphragms have sufficient strength, stiffness and plastic deformation capacity to be used in the field.     

低轴压比半装配式单排配筋再生混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

半装配式单排配筋混凝土剪力墙是由带预留孔的上层预制剪力墙、带墩头钢筋的下层预制剪力墙、上下墙体间坐浆层、纵横墙交接处的现浇暗柱等组成。下层预制剪力墙顶部的单排竖向墩头钢筋伸入上层预制墙体底部的预留孔中,采用灌浆锚固的方法连接。通过4个低轴压比、不同剪跨比的工字形单排配筋再生混凝土剪力墙试件（包括2个半装配式、2个现浇式剪力墙试件）的低周反复荷载试验研究,分析了各试件的承载力、刚度、延性、滞回特性等,研究其损伤演化过程和破坏机制。结果表明：剪跨比1.0时,剪力墙呈剪切破坏,试件的承载力较高,剪跨比15时,剪力墙发生以弯曲破坏为主的弯剪破坏,承载力较低,但延性较好;在设计轴压比0.15下,半装配式单排配筋剪力墙的综合抗震性能与现浇剪力墙接近,可用于低、多层建筑结构中。     

Bearing capacity of composite ground with soil-cement columns under earth fills: Physical and numerical modeling

Soil-cement columns are widely used to improve soft ground, and the bearing capacity of the formed composite ground is a key design parameter. The currently employed design method was developed for composite grounds under rigid footings, whilst the bearing capacity behavior of composite grounds under earth fills with different degrees of stiffness has rarely been investigated. Hence, the present study attempts to fill this gap. In this investigation, 1-g laboratory model tests are conducted to compare the bearing capacity behavior of composite grounds under a rigid footing and under embankment fill, based on which a numerical model that can capture the strain-softening behavior of soil-cement columns is established. The calibrated numerical model is further employed to perform 144 analyses. The results indicate that the failure mode of composite grounds differs for different types of earth fills: soil failure occurs prior to column failure under soft clay and dredged slurry, whereas column failure is the primary failure mode for composite grounds under embankment fill. This difference in failure mode of composite grounds can be explained using soil arching theories. For different failure modes, different bearing capacity efficiency factors should be used in design.     

Thermal behaviour of a steel door frame subjected to the standard fire of ISO 834: Measurements,numerical simulation and parameter study

An adjustable steel frame of a steel door, built in a massive brick wall, was subjected to fire according to the international standard ISO 834. Additional thermocouples, with respect to the ones required by the standard, were positioned at different sites of the steel frame cross-section to validate the numerical analysis carried out to study its thermal insulation performance. The leaf/frame interaction was monitored during the fire test to verify the integrity criterion, but was neglected in the calculations by assuming adiabatic conditions at the door clearance. Based on these findings, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of boundary conditions, empty or filled frame cavities, and adjustable versus wrap-around frame on the temperature distribution of the steel frame. Combining the results of fire test and numerical simulation, the possibility to mutually assert the thermal performance, i.e. the insulation criterion for the cases of opening into and opening away from furnace, is discussed.