机车变频三相异步牵引电机绝缘系统新思路

论文介绍了国内外变频异步牵引电动机绝缘技术的现状 ,讨论了变频电机的绝缘破坏机理以及纳米 Ti O2 无机填料在绝缘破坏过程中的电、光及热效应。根据机车变频异步牵引电动机的制造工艺特性和绝缘系统耐电晕机理 ,提出了用纳米无机填料填充改性定子绕组绝缘 ,将“漆包绝缘”的概念通过合理途径引入到机车异步牵引电机中 ,用以改进机车变频牵引电机耐高频脉冲和电晕性能的新构想。     

Verification of insulation tests for traction motors

More than 30,000 thousand dc motors are used by the Japan Railway group companies alone as traction motors for railway vehicles. Insulation breakdown of armatures is one of the most important problems in traction motors. Therefore, various insulation tests are carried out for each motor in overhaul. The methods for insulation tests were determined more than 30 years ago. As insulating materials and the method to compose these materials have progressed in recent years, it is important to research what kinds of insulation tests are suitable for traction motors. We estimated the effects of various insulation tests by carrying out insulation breakdown tests for more than 150 motors. This paper describes the results of the study. © 1999 Scripta Technica. Electr Eng Jpn, 129(2): 90–97, 1999     

混合动力汽车牵引电机永磁体温度建模

建立了两个不同永磁体温度预测模型:模型一是从温度与永磁体性能的关系出发,由实时检测的电压、电流、转速和绕组温度通过运算而求得永磁体温度;模型二是从电机的损耗出发,建立了电机的热路,该热路包含连接点,热阻和热源,体现了整个电机内的热循环过程,求解热路而得到永磁体温度。另外,考虑永磁体涡流损耗,进一步提高计算精确性。在三相正弦电压供电下,对以给定电机进行计算,结果由实验验证。对PWM电源供电的情况下,由于PWM波中含有大量的高次谐波,因此永磁体温升明显。此外,通过有限元仿真进一步验证了本文所提的两种温度预测模型的正确性。     

Polyestermiride compounds as insulating base of modern traction electric motors

A brief review is given of insulating systems for electric machines and impregnating compounds as one of the key insulating components is given. Possibilities of producing and processing various types of domestic compounds are considered. Properties of glass mica tapes that contain an impregnating compound for cohesion are described.     

Several peculiarities of designing traction asynchronous motors. Part 2

Examples of designing asynchronous traction motors with an optimized geometry of active parts are shown. The influence of dimensions and parameters of active parts on motor performance is studied. Problems of matching the parameters of traction motor and power converters and control synthesis are discussed. Examples of vehicles equipped with electrotechnical equipment developed at Ruselprom are shown.     

Determining parameters of equivalent circuit of frame insulation in traction motors

The determination of a set of parameters that characterize a mathematical insulation model and its equivalent circuit according to the processes that take place in insulation, particularly according to the self-discharge voltage, is considered. A three-layered equivalent circuit is shown to be most suitable for analyzing processes that take place in the frame insulation of traction electric motors.     

核主成分分析和粒子群优化算法在牵引电机故障诊断中的应用研究

提出了一种采用核主成分分析和粒子群优化支持向量机的电力机车笼型异步牵引电机故障诊断方法。先利用核主成分分析对故障数据进行特征提取,以获得的故障特征子集作为支持向量机故障分类器的训练样本,然后设计和构建了支持向量机多故障诊断系统,其中,支持向量机的参数通过粒子群优化算法进行了优化,最后实现对笼型异步牵引电机的故障诊断。该方法既发挥了核主成分分析的特征提取能力,又充分利用了支持向量机良好的分类性能和泛化推广能力以及因其算法简单而满足的在线故障诊断的实时性要求。实验结果分析表明,该方法能够有效地应用于电力机车笼型异步牵引电机的故障诊断。     

基于TCN动车组牵引电机控制系统建模方法研究

针对动车组交流异步牵引电机的空间分布性特点,讨论了基于列车通信控制网络(TCN)的牵引电机控制系统建模方法。采用输入输出反馈线性方法对牵引电机的5阶非线性模型进行线性化和解耦,之后将其引入基于TCN的动车组网络控制系统,并考虑了网络控制系统中的网络延迟。使用动态输出反馈控制方法,得到网络化的异步牵引电机控制模型。运用Lyapunov稳定性理论对闭环控制系统进行了稳定性分析,给出了系统的渐近稳定条件。     

Improvement of the current-limiting devices of collector traction motors of direct-current electric rolling stock

Special circuit designs making it possible to limit the current-surge amplitude are used to increase the reliability of traction motors with the voltage fluctuations under the conditions of a sharp increase of currents of the armatures. The simplest engineering solution, which entails the parallel connection of a larger capacitor to the excitation windings of the energy storage units, is imperfect, as it does not allow adjusting the excitation current. An alternative approach is proposed to provide the reliability of operation of the traction motors. The circuit designs are presented, and modelling is performed as a result of which the main characteristics and regularities of the studied designs are revealed. It is shown that the direct connection of the excitation winding to the network does not exclude current surges of the armatures, and the use of the resistors in the excitation windings is ineffective. The modelling of the processes and calculation show the feasibility of including a bypass diode and, if necessary, a reactor, as well as implementing pulse regulation of the excitation current.     

Localization of the current of commutator traction motors in constant operation modes of electric stock

A problem of evaluating the possibility of a proposed devise to limit motor current when supply voltage is restored after a short period of separation of a pantograph from a contact wire is formulated. An analysis of the transient processes in the circuits of the traction commutator motors under transient operation modes of the electric stocks and the current limiter in the course of voltage recovery on the pantograph after its separation from the contact wire, the assessment of the variants of feeding the excitation winding; calculation of the parameters of the proposed current limiters; development of variants of computer models; and investigation of the transient processes in the traction motor chain at the supply voltage recovery are carried out in the present article. The effect of excitation winding feeding on the additional power source, as well as the area of possible limitation and exclusion of the motor current inrushes I the course of voltage source recovery, are estimated. The variants of the discharge of the storage element on the excitation winding and the relationships between the capacitor parameters depending on the required value of the winding voltage are considered. A method of controlling excitation winding current from an independent source is implemented. The use of the method and the protection device allows one to increase the commutation resistance of the traction motors at the inrushes or the voltage recovery after loss of the contact of the pantograph with the contact wire, to decrease the possible commutation violation, and to reduce the number of failures.     

Longevity tests of class-H insulation systems (180°C) in locomotive traction motors

Class-H insulation systems (180°C) of traction electric motors based on polyimide and polyethylene naphthalate films are presented. The methods and the key results of the longevity tests of different insulation systems are presented.     

希尔伯特变换在牵引电机转子断条故障诊断中的应用研究

基于希尔伯特变换分析方法,以动车组电机定子电流信号为研究对象,对定子电流信号应用希尔伯特变换后,消去定子电流中包含的直流分量,解决了转子断条故障特征分量容易被基波淹没、难以检测等问题,使故障特征分量的提取更加准确。通过仿真实验证明了希尔伯特变换法在动车组牵引电机转子断条故障诊断中应用的正确性和有效性。     

Control of the traction electric drive of a hybrid shunting locomotive with asynchronous motors in the realization of critical forces

The peculiarities of the structure and regulation of an electric traction drive of the TEM9H prototype four-axle hybrid shunting locomotive, which has two-axle bogies and is connected in parallel asynchronous traction motors to one inverter, are considered. Using very dynamic algorithms for a discontinuous control of asynchronous motors in the regulation of the flux linkage of the stator and the electric battery with a large energy level and superconductors allows one to do without free diesel power for traction to adjust the force of traction required by law, applying the new algorithms of the maximum tractive and braking efforts. The pilot locomotive does not include inclined rods or special loaders to balance the vertical load of the axles of the locomotive, whereby the difference in vertical loads between the bogies of the locomotive is about 6 t at the nominal electromagnetic torque of the motor. Promising control algorithms of a traction electric drive of the TEM9H hybrid shunting locomotive with the joint regulation of asynchronous motors, allowing us to compensate for deficiencies in the design of the running gears and to ensure that the potential of adhesion is not less than 90% in a mode with maximum exertion, are analyzed on the basis of computer simulation.     

A comparison of the energy efficiency of the traction electric drive of alternating-current electric locomotives based on collector and asynchronous motors

An assessment of the overall performance of 3ES5K alternating-current electric locomotives with a collector drive in the regimes of traction and recuperative braking using the concrete example of a staged route between the Khabarovsk-2 and Bikin stations of the Far East Railroad is given in this article. Real traction and brake characteristics of a 3ES5H electric locomotive in the case of a cargo train of large weight and length are shown. Analysis is carried out of all the characteristics of a 3ES5H electric locomotive, and they are compared with the movement of a 2ES5 electric locomotive with an asynchronous drive. It is determined why 3ES5K electric locomotives are more power efficient than 2ES5 ones.     

Identification of plant model of linear induction motors for a traction system intended for use in a high‐performance controller

A linear induction motor (LIM) is suitable for use in trains. The motor can be used in both wheel‐suspended and contact‐less types such as the Linear Metro and HSST trains in Japan. The LIM has end winding as well as asymmetrical winding. The end effect is a major problem in the LIM, and it makes the analysis, design, and control of motors difficult. This paper describes a method that combines numerical analysis and the equivalent circuit for the LIM in order to design a high‐performance controller for the LIM that includes the end effect. A sample basic field‐oriented control scheme that is based on the plant model is applied to the LIM in order to check the control performance. The theory of rotary induction motors is used for verification. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(2): 44–54, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21171     

Simulations of processes in the power circuit of VL10 (VL-10W) locomotives with traction motors connected in series

Results of simulations of the processes of changing currents and voltages in power circuits of VL10 (VL-10W) locomotives with traction motors, which are connected in series, in cold insulation have been considered. Taking the thermal state of the insulation structures of traction motors of locomotives into account is a new approach in simulations of electrical processes in power circuits. Such a differentiated approach to simulating the electrical processes in power circuits of locomotives became possible when the capacitive components of anchor and pole windings of traction motors in locomotives were studied and taken into account in the equivalent circuits, as well as their temperature dependences. In this work, the results of simulations of the processes of changing currents and voltages in power circuits of VL10 (VL-10W) locomotives during a start from rest in the case of series connection of traction motors with insulation temperature of their anchor and pole windings equal to 20°C. The results of simulations are shown as graphic time dependences of currents and voltages in the main elements of a locomotive power circuit.     

Memory motors

A new class of permanent-magnet (PM) machines, named memory motors for their ability to change the intensity of magnetization and memorize the flux density level in rotor magnets is described in the article. A memory motor can be built either as a variable-flux or pole-changing machine. In both machine types, the magnetization of PMs can be simply varied by a short current pulse, with no need for permanent demagnetizing current as in conventional internal PM machines at flux-weakening mode. The demagnetizing current flows through stator winding(s) supplied from the same source as the stator current. Memory motors combine advantages of a wound-rotor machine (variable rotor flux) with those of a wide-speed machine (no excitation losses), resulting in a unique machine concept that has the potential to find numerous applications in electric drives.     

Energy-efficient motors

The problem of the increment of the equivalent efficiency of the huge electric motors family is very far from losing its increasing social importance [1]. We first refer to the natural ambition people have to increase the world's life quality. This is deeply dependent on the amount of the electrical energy at disposal per inhabitant, which is also strictly connected to the utilization of electric motors [2] (see Figure 1). In fact, such a parameter can be considered as a sort of "well-being" index, where more disposal of electric energy may allow for more richness and life quality. In Figure 1, the energy consumed per inhabitant per year is reported as a function of an index depending on the personal income; the results are sorted by nations and by continents. The diagrams clearly suggest that the gross domestic product (GDP) increment of a country is in correlation with the increase of the electric energy consumption (2006).     

Life expectancy of motors

Guidelines are presented for assessing the reliability of commercial-grade motors over a period of time when used in mild environments, where, among other effects, total radiation dose would be of the level of 10⁴ rads or less. These guidelines are based on using available data on life tests, failure programs and modes, and selected analytical techniques. The goal is to determine that motors have adequate capability to perform reliably for their designed life term, as long as they are used and maintained properly. To accomplish this goal, standard protection techniques are used. The observations derived from these methods, together with an evaluation of statistical failure data, can provide reliable life expectancies