一种启发式算法求解批量计划和排序集成问题

文章针对基于JIT思想建立的一种批量计划和作业排序集成问题,建立整体模型,设计了一种启发式算法采用集成方法求求解。针对问题的特点和遗传算法的特性,各层优化时均采用遗传算法求解,借鉴递阶优化方法的思想,首先从优化作业排序层出发,将其优化结果作为约束来优化批量计划层,然后利用利用批量优化的结果再重新来协调优化作业排序层,进而进一步去求解更好的批量计划。基于这种协调传递的思想,使各层的优化形成一个闭环,直到满足循环终止条件,得到比较理想的结果。最后通过算例试验表明,这种启发式算法与采用整体求解方法相比,具有比较满意的寻优性能和收敛速度。     

A genetic algorithm for integrating lot-sizing and sequencing in scheduling a capacitated flow line

In this paper we present a genetic algorithm for solving an important but difficult scheduling problem: that of integrating the lot-sizing and sequencing decisions in scheduling a flow line involving sequence dependent setup times, capacity constraints, limited buffer capacity between machines, and due dates. The problem is based on a real world manufacturing facility that is also described. Novel crossover and mutation operators are presented for both the lot-sizing and sequencing parts of the scheduling problem and the performance of the genetic algorithm is compared to a heuristic approach of integration previously shown to have been effective.     

Bottleneck Station Scheduling in Semiconductor Assembly and Test Manufacturing Using Ant Colony Optimization

In semiconductor assembly and test manufacturing (ATM), a station normally consists of multiple machines (maybe of different types) for a certain operation step. It is critical to optimize the utilization of ATM stations for productivity improvement. In this paper, we first formulate the bottleneck station scheduling problem, and then apply ant colony optimization (ACO) to solve it metaheuristically. The ACO is a biological-inspired optimization mechanism. It incorporates each ant agent's feedback information to collaboratively search for the good solutions. We develop the ACO-based scheduling framework and provide the system parameter tuning strategy. The system implementation at an Intel chipset factory demonstrates a significant machine conversion reduction comparing to a traditional scheduling approach.     

半导体封装测试生产线排产研究

以某半导体封装测试（Semiconductor assembly and test manufacturing,ATM）企业为研究背景,对半导体封装测试的生产过程进行分析总结,提出一种新的“产能限定混线车间”（Capacity-limit flexible flow-shop,CLFFS）模型作为半导体封装测试生产线的排产模型.通过对半导体封装测试的特殊逻辑处理、排产方法以及排产规则等进行研究,提出采用逻辑约束和调度规则双层优化控制的启发式正序排产算法作为半导体封装测试的总体排产方法,同时针对批准备单处理生产阶段,提出一种新的预测开机控制优化调度方法.最后,结合CLFFS排产模型和所提出的策略方法,给出半导体封装测试排产的应用研究示例与比较,结果证明本文给定的总体排产方法在ATM中具有很好的可行性和业务逻辑嵌入的即便性,同时本文所提出的新的预测开机控制优化调度方法能够很好的缩短生产周期,提高生产效率.     

Capacitated lot sizing and sequence dependent setup scheduling: an iterative approach for integration

We consider here the lot sizing and scheduling problem in single-level manufacturing systems. The shop floor is composed of unrelated parallel machines with sequence dependent setup times. We propose an integer programming model embedding precise capacity information due to scheduling constraints in a classical lot-sizing model. We also propose an iterative approach to generate a production plan taking into account scheduling constraints due to changeover setup times. The procedure executes two decision modules per iteration: a lot-sizing module and a scheduling module. The capacitated lot-sizing problem is solved to optimality considering estimated data and aggregate information, and the scheduling problem is solved by a GRASP heuristic. In the proposed scheme the information flow connecting the two levels is managed in each iteration. We report a set of computational experiments and discuss future work.     

Integrating the lot-sizing and sequencing decisions for scheduling a capacitated flow line

In this paper we consider a general problem of scheduling a single flow line consisting of multiple machines and producing a given set of jobs. The manufacturing environment is characterized by sequence dependent set-up times, limited intermediate buffer space, and capacity constraints. In addition, jobs are assigned with due dates that have to be met. The objectives of the scheduling are: (1) to meet the due dates without violating the capacity constraints, (2) to minimize the makespan, and (3) to minimize the inventory holding costs. While most of the approaches in the literature treat the problem of scheduling in flow lines as two independent sub-problems of lot-sizing and sequencing, our approach integrates the lot-sizing and sequencing heuristics. The integrated approach uses the Silver-Meal heuristic (modified to include lot-splitting) for lot-sizing and an improvement procedure applied to Palmer's heuristic for sequencing, which takes into account the actual sequence dependent set-up times and the limited intermedite buffer capacity. We evaluate the performance of the integrated approach and demonstrate its efficacy for scheduling a real world SMT manufacturing environment.     

Decomposition based heuristic algorithm for lot-sizing and scheduling problem treating time horizon as a continuum

In this paper, we deal with a new lot-sizing and scheduling problem (LSSP) that minimizes the sum of production cost, setup cost, and inventory cost. Incorporating the constraints of setup carry-over and overlapping as well as demand splitting, we develop a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation. In the formulation, problem size does not increase as we enhance the precision level of a time period; for example, by dividing a time period into a number of microtime periods. Accordingly, in the proposed model, we treat the time horizon as a continuum not as a collection of discrete time periods. Since the problem is theoretically intractable, we develop a simple but efficient heuristic algorithm by devising a decomposition scheme coupled with a local search procedure. Even if in theory the heuristic may not guarantee finding a feasible solution, computational results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is a viable choice in practice for finding good quality feasible solutions within acceptable time limit.     

求解能耗成本平衡的分布式阻塞流水线调度群体迭代贪婪算法

在经典分布式流水车间调度问题基础上, 本文构建了具有序列相关准备时间的分布式阻塞流水线调度问题(DBFSP SDST)的混合线性整数规划模型(MILP), 以均衡各工厂能耗成本为优化目标, 提出了基于群体优化的迭代贪婪算法 (PEIG). 该算法针对零缓冲区和多工厂生产模式, 设计了问题特性的启发式方法; 针对迭代贪婪算法(IGA)的优势和不足, 提出了基于群体的局部搜索策略、多邻域搜索结构和增强的跨工厂破坏重构方法, 以进一步平衡所提算法的全局探索和局部搜索能力. 通过270个测试算例的数值仿真, 以及与最新4种代表算法的统计比较,本文验证了所提PEIG算法的优越性, 能为中大规模的DBFSP SDST提供更优的调度方案.     

A heuristic algorithm for the distributed and flexible job-shop scheduling problem

The distributed manufacturing takes place in a multi-factory environment including several factories, which may be geographically distributed in different locations, or in a multi-cell environment including several independent manufacturing cells located in the same plant. Each factory/cell is capable of manufacturing a variety of product types. An important issue in dealing with the production in this decentralized manner is the scheduling of manufacturing operations of products (jobs) in the distributed manufacturing system. In this paper, we study the distributed and flexible job-shop scheduling problem (DFJSP) which involves the scheduling of jobs (products) in a distributed manufacturing environment, under the assumption that the shop floor of each factory/cell is configured as a flexible job shop. A fast heuristic algorithm based on a constructive procedure is developed to obtain good quality schedules very quickly. The algorithm is tested on benchmark instances from the literature in order to evaluate its performance. Computational results show that, despite its simplicity, the proposed heuristic is computationally efficient and promising for practical problems.     

The multi-product,economic lot-sizing problem in flow shops: the powers-of-two heuristic

This paper presents a new and efficient heuristic to solve the multi-product, multi-stage, economic lot-sizing problem. The proposed heuristic, called the powers-of-two method, first determines sequencing decisions then lot sizing and scheduling decisions are determined. This method assumes that cycle times are integer multiples of a basic period and restricts these multiples to the powers of two. Once time multiples are chosen, we determine for each basic period of the global cycle the set of products to be produced and the production sequence to be used. Then a non-linear program is solved to simultaneously determine lot sizes and a feasible production schedule. To evaluate its performance, the powers-of-two method was compared to both the common cycle method and a reinforced version of the job-splitting heuristic. Numerical results show that the powers-of-two method outperforms both of these methods.Scope and purposeThe multi-product, multi-stage, economic lot-sizing problem studied in this paper is the problem of making sequencing, lot-sizing and scheduling decisions for several products manufactured through several stages in a flow shop environment so as to minimize the sum of setup and inventory holding costs while a given demand is fulfilled without backlogging. This problem and similar problems are met in many different industries like the food canning industry, the appliance assembly facilities or in beverage bottling companies. The most commonly used approach to deal with this problem is the common cycle approach where a lot of each product is produced each cycle. A few other approaches are also proposed. In this paper we propose a new and more efficient solution approach that assigns different cycle times to different products.     

Production scheduling for blocking flowshop in distributed environment using effective heuristics and iterated greedy algorithm

Production scheduling plays an important role in the intelligent decision support system and intelligent optimization decision technology. In the context of the globalization trend, the current production and management may extend from a single factory to a distributed production network. In this paper, we study the distributed blocking flowshop scheduling problem (DBFSP) that is an important generalization of the traditional blocking flowshop scheduling problem in the distributed environment. Six constructive heuristics and an iterated greedy (IG) algorithm are proposed to minimize the makespan, which provides procedures for obtaining efficient and effective solutions to make decision-making sounder. The first five heuristics are developed based on the well-known NEH2 heuristic [B. Naderi, R. Ruiz, The distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem, Computers & Operations Research, 37 (4) (2010) 754–768.] and the last heuristic is presented by extending the PW heuristic [Q.K. Pan, L. Wang, Effective heuristics for the blocking flowshop scheduling problem with makespan minimization, Omega, 40 (2) (2012) 218–229.] to DBFSP in an effective way. The composite heuristics that combining constructive heuristics and local searches are also studied. The proposed composite heuristics are chosen to generate an initial solution with a high level of quality. Keeping the simplicity of the IG algorithm, three local search procedures, two destruction procedures, an improved reconstruction procedure, and a simulated annealing-like acceptance criterion are well designed based on the problem-specific knowledge to enhance the IG algorithm. The computational experiments are carried out based on the 720 benchmark instances from the literature. The results show that the proposed heuristics are very effective for solving the problem under consideration and the presented IG algorithm performs significantly better than the other state-of-the-art metaheuristics from the literature.     

A heuristic algorithm to minimize total weighted tardiness on a single machine with release times

This paper attempts to solve a single machine‐scheduling problem, in which the objective function is to minimize the total weighted tardiness with different release dates of jobs. To address this scheduling problem, a heuristic scheduling algorithm is presented. A mathematical programming formulation is also formulated to validate the performance of the heuristic scheduling algorithm proposed herein. Experimental results show that the proposed heuristic algorithm can solve this problem rapidly and accurately. Overall, this algorithm can find the optimal solutions for 2200 out of 2400 randomly generated problems (91.67%). For the most complicated 20 job cases, it requires less than 0.0016 s to obtain an ultimate or even optimal solution. This heuristic scheduling algorithm can therefore efficiently solve this kind of problem.     

蚁群算法在生产调度中的应用

介绍了蚁群算法的基本思想,以旅行商问题说明了蚁群算法的模型结构,总结了蚁群算法在作业车间以及流水车间中的应用,并与其它启发式算法进行了简单的比较。在分析了目前半导体生产线调度研究现状的基础上,探讨了蚁群算法在半导体生产线调度中的应用前景。     

树型网格计算环境下的独立任务调度

任务调度是实现高性能网格计算的一个基本问题,然而,设计和实现高效的调度算法是非常具有挑战性的.讨论了在网格资源计算能力和网络通信速度异构的树型计算网格环境下,独立任务的调度问题.与实现最小化任务总的执行时间不同(该问题已被证明是NP难题),为该任务调度问题建立了整数线性规划模型,并从该线性规划模型中得到最优任务分配方案??各计算节点最优任务分配数.然后,基于最优任务分配方案,构造了两种动态的需求驱动的任务分配启发式算法:OPCHATA(optimization-based priority-computation heuristic algorithm for task allocation)和OPBHATA(optimization-basedpriority-bandwidth heuristic algorithm for task allocation).实验结果表明:在异构的树型计算网格环境下实现大量独立任务调度时,该算法的性能明显优于其他算法.     

Multi-product valid inequalities for the discrete lot-sizing and scheduling problem

We consider a problem arising in the context of industrial production planning, namely the multi-product discrete lot-sizing and scheduling problem with sequence-dependent changeover costs. We aim at developing an exact solution approach based on a Cut & Branch procedure for this combinatorial optimization problem. To achieve this, we propose a new family of multi-product valid inequalities which corresponds to taking into account the conflicts between different products simultaneously requiring production on the resource. We then present both an exact and a heuristic separation algorithm which form the basis of a cutting-plane generation algorithm. We finally discuss computational results which confirm the practical usefulness of the proposed inequalities at strengthening the MILP formulation and at reducing the overall computation time.     

Minimizing Total Tardiness: A Case Study in an Autoparts Factory

The application of heuristic procedures for solving a real scheduling problem that arises in an autoparts factory is reported in this paper. Due to the characteristics of the environment, the measure of performance considered is the minimization of the total tardiness of the jobs. The original problem is reduced to the single machine scheduling problem, and the dispatching rules EDD (earliest due date), SPT (shortest processing time), and the PSK algorithm are used to obtain approximate solutions. Computational tests and a comparison with the usual schedule are presented.     

超启发式交叉熵算法求解分布式装配柔性作业车间调度问题

本文针对一类新型两阶段分布式装配柔性作业车间调度问题(DAFJSP),建立问题模型,以最小化最大完工时间为优化目标并提出一种超启发式交叉熵算法(HHCEA)进行求解.首先,设计基于工序序列、工厂分配和产品序列的三维向量编码规则和结合贪婪策略的解码规则,同时提出4种启发式方法以提高初始解的质量.然后,设计高低分层结构的HHCEA,高层为提高对搜索方向的引导性,采用交叉熵算法(CEA)学习和积累优质排列的信息,其中各排列由结合问题特点设计的11种启发式操作(即11种有效的邻域操作)构成;低层为增加在解空间中的搜索深度,将高层确定的每个排列中的启发式操作依次重复执行指定次数并在执行过程中加入基于模拟退火的扰动机制,以此作为一种新的启发式方法执行搜索.最后,通过仿真实验与算法对比验证HHCEA可有效求解DAFJSP.     

Efficient inventory management in multi-echelon distribution systems

In this paper, an improved DRP method to schedule multi-echelon distribution network is proposed such that order-quantities and order points are dynamically obtained to meet the demand in just in time concept and minimize the out-of-stock probability. The order scheduling method reflects the dynamic characteristics of inventory level changes in the regional distribution centers and the central distribution center. The experiment has been done with various demand distributions, forecast error distributions and lead times. The proposed method was compared with the traditional DRP-based scheduling methods which use different lot-sizing and order point decision techniques. From the result, it is found that the proposed heuristic method yields preferable lot-sizing schedules.     

基于柔性维护的堕化单机系统调度研究

针对单机系统,在假设生产系统为堕化系统,且生产过程中作业的加工不可中断的情况下,对考虑柔性时间窗口[[u,v]]下进行长度为[w]的周期预防性维护的调度问题进行了研究。建立了综合考虑生产调度和设备维护的混合整数规划模型,并设计了一套基于贪婪的启发式算法对所研究问题进行优化求解。通过Cplex和启发式算法求解结果的对比证明了算法可以快速、有效地解决此类问题。     

一种基于QoS的自适应网格失效检测器

失效检测器是构建可靠的网格计算环境所必需的基础组件之一.由于网格中存在大量对失效检测有着不同QoS需求的分布式应用,对于一个网格失效检测器来说,为保持其有效性和可扩展性,应该既能够准确提供应用程序所需的失效检测QoS,又能够避免为满足不同QoS而设计多套失效检测器所产生的多余负载.基于QoS基本评价指标,采用PULL模式主动检测策略实现了一种新的失效检测器--GA-FD(adaptive failure detector for grid),可以同时支持多个应用程序定量描述的QoS需求,不需要关于消息行为和时钟同步的任何假设.同时,证明了GA-FD在部分同步模型下可实现一个◇P类的失效检测器,并给出了相应的实验及数据.