Oxidative Stress in Obesity: A Critical Component in Human Diseases

Obesity, a social problem worldwide, is characterized by an increase in body weight that results in excessive fat accumulation. Obesity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and leads to several diseases, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, fatty liver diseases, and cancer. Growing evidence allows us to understand the critical role of adipose tissue in controlling the physic-pathological mechanisms of obesity and related comorbidities. Recently, adipose tissue, especially in the visceral compartment, has been considered not only as a simple energy depository tissue, but also as an active endocrine organ releasing a variety of biologically active molecules known as adipocytokines or adipokines. Based on the complex interplay between adipokines, obesity is also characterized by chronic low grade inflammation with permanently increased oxidative stress (OS). Over-expression of oxidative stress damages cellular structures together with under-production of anti-oxidant mechanisms, leading to the development of obesity-related complications. The aim of this review is to summarize what is known in the relationship between OS in obesity and obesity-related diseases.     

饮用水消毒技术的研究进展

由于人类活动和工农业生产的快速发展,水源水质的污染日趋加剧。新的环境污染使传统的饮用水消毒技术难以满足人们对饮用水水质的要求,对此国内外不断研究开发出安全高效的饮用水消毒技术。从消毒灭菌机理、灭菌效果及其影响因素、消毒副产物安全性等方面对目前的饮用水消毒技术进行了综述和剖析,并对其发展趋势进行了展望,旨在了解国内外饮用水消毒技术的现状和不足,促进开发更安全有效的饮用水消毒技术。     

Wastewater Disinfection : Elimination of Fecal Bacteria and Eneric Viruses By Ozone

Wastewater containing indigenous bacteria and enteric viruses was ozonated in a contact column with counter-current circulation of ozonated air and water. The mean slope of the inactivation curve for indigenous viruses is about half that observed for E. coli and fecal streptococci. For 3 rag osub3;/l, in the presence of residual ozone and a contact time of 19 min, inactivation of 1 log for the viral population and 2 logs for the fecal bacteria are observed. A negative correlation exists between inactivation and organic content.     

现代紫外C水消毒系统

以现代杀菌紫外技术,光化学、光生物学、电子学、光动力学及流体力学为基础的紫外C水消毒技术,使水中各种细菌、病毒、水藻以及其他病原体中的DNA组织结构受到光化学破坏,失去复制能力,从而在不使化学药物的情况下达到水消毒和净化的目的。目前它已在发达国家逐渐成为一种主流消毒手段,应用于各行各业需要水消毒的领域。     

Impacts of Gut Bacteria on Human Health and Diseases

Gut bacteria are an important component of the microbiota ecosystem in the human gut, which is colonized by 10¹⁴ microbes, ten times more than the human cells. Gut bacteria play an important role in human health, such as supplying essential nutrients, synthesizing vitamin K, aiding in the digestion of cellulose, and promoting angiogenesis and enteric nerve function. However, they can also be potentially harmful due to the change of their composition when the gut ecosystem undergoes abnormal changes in the light of the use of antibiotics, illness, stress, aging, bad dietary habits, and lifestyle. Dysbiosis of the gut bacteria communities can cause many chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, cancer, and autism. This review summarizes and discusses the roles and potential mechanisms of gut bacteria in human health and diseases.     

Factors Increasing the Ozone Inactivation of Enteric Viruses in Effluent

Inactivation kinetics with continuously applied ozone were approximately exponential with respect to time and concentration. The most resistant of the tested viruses was human rotavirus and the most sensitive f2 coliphage. The disinfectant was most reactive at low pH and viral sensitivity was increased ten-fold in the presence of 0.5M sodium bicarbonate. Temperature, the presence of added peptone nor suspended solids greatly influenced inactivation, but ultrasonic treatment did, whether applied before or during ozonation. The chemistry of ozone and its mechanism of action is discussed.     

呼吸内科病房院内肺部真菌感染的临床研究

目的探讨呼吸内科病房院内肺部真菌感染的危险因素、真菌类型及治疗现状。方法对2005年1月至2008年12月期间诊断的呼吸内科病房院内肺部真菌感染患者的临床资料进行分析。结果基础疾病继发感染是肺部真菌感染的重要原因,以慢性阻塞性肺疾病多见。长期使用广谱抗生素、长期使用激素、机械通气是其主要诱因。病原菌以白色念珠菌为主,氟康唑疗效好。结论减少易感因素、早发现、早诊断、及时治疗是减少院内肺部真菌感染的有效措施。