改进生物地理学算法求解柔性作业调度问题

针对柔性作业车间调度问题的特点,提出了一种基于改进生物地理学优化算法的求解方案。该方案采用基于工序和基于机器相结合的编码机制,在初始种群中引入启发式算法生成的优良个体,并在标准生物地理学算法基础上对迁移和变异操作进行了改进,采用符合该调度问题的迁移率模型和自适应变异机制,克服了传统算法易于早熟或收敛慢的缺点。通过仿真验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

混合粒子群算法求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题

柔性作业车间调度问题是生产管理领域和组合优化领域的重要分支.本文提出一种基于Pareto支配的混合粒子群优化算法求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题.首先采用基于工序排序和机器分配的粒子表达方式,并直接在离散域进行位置更新.其次,提出基于BaldWinian学习策略和模拟退火技术相结合的多目标局部搜索策略,以平衡算法的全局探索能力和局部开发能力.然后引入Pareto支配的概念来比较粒子的优劣性,并采用外部档案保存进化过程中的非支配解.最后用于求解该类问题的经典算例,并与已有算法进行比较,所提算法在收敛性和分布均匀性方面均具有明显优势.     

混合粒子群算法在模糊柔性车间作业计划中的应用*

针对现实生产系统中存在的时间参数模糊化问题,给出了一种基于区间值梯形模糊数的模糊柔性车间作业计划问题模型。在对模糊柔性车间作业计划问题进行有效求解方面,针对基本粒子群算法容易陷入局部最优的问题,随后给出了一种基于遗传操作的混合粒子群算法,利用遗传算法思想对粒子进行交叉、变异操作,增强了算法跳出局部最优的能力。仿真实验表明,该算法具有可行性和有效性。     

多目标等量分批柔性作业车间调度集成优化方法

针对多目标等量分批柔性作业车间调度问题,提出了一种集成优化方法。构建了一种以完工时间最短、生产成本最低为优化目标的多目标等量分批柔性调度集成优化模型。提出并设计了一种改进的非支配排序遗传算法对模型加以求解。算法中引入面向对象技术处理复杂的实体逻辑关系,采用三段式分段编码技术分别对分批方案、加工顺序、设备进行编码,采用三段式分段交叉和变异的混合遗传算子实现遗传进化,采用两种精细化调度技术进行解码以缩短流程时间。通过案例分析验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于混合微粒群优化的多目标柔性Job-shop调度

应用传统方法求解多目标柔性Job-shop调度问题是十分困难的,微粒群优化采用基于种群的搜索方式,融合了局部搜索和全局搜索,具有很高的搜索效率.模拟退火算法使用概率来避免陷入局部最优,整个搜索过程可由冷却表来控制.通过对这两种算法的合理组合,建立了一种快速且易于实现的新的混合优化算法.实例计算以及与其他算法的比较说明,该算法是求解多目标柔性Job-shop调度问题的可行且高效的方法.     

生物地理学算法求解柔性车间作业调度问题

针对加工设备和操作工人双资源约束的柔性作业车间调度问题,建立以生产时间和生产成本为目标函数的柔性作业车间调度模型,提出基于模糊Pareto支配的生物地理学算法,采用模糊Pareto支配的方法计算解之间的支配关系并对Pareto解集排序,进行全局最优值的更新,并采用余弦迁移模型来改善生物地理学算法的收敛速度。将该方法应用于某模具车间的柔性作业车间调度中,仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

重启进化提高较大搜索规模时柔性作业解质量

种群多样性下降导致的早熟收敛限制了进化算法的求解质量与搜索效率。为应对收敛,提高较大搜索规模时的求解质量,引入随机算法中重启策略。种群收敛时,利用算法前期搜索结果（优势元素）和新产生的随机元素重新构造新种群继续进化。提高柔性作业车间调度问题解质量对实际工业生产有重要的现实意义。将重构思想应用于协同进化算法求解复杂柔性作业调度问题并跟踪种群进化状态。仿真实验结果表明,改进算法在进化过程中维持了较好的种群多样性,大幅提高了算法求解复杂柔性作业调度的搜索性能,并可以简单通过扩大搜索规模提高作业调度解质量。     

改进蝙蝠算法柔性作业车间调度问题研究

针对柔性作业车间调度问题,提出了一种改进的离散蝙蝠算法。该算法采用双层编码序列方式,利用均衡机器负载分配策略和插入式解码方案初始化种群,同时设计了离散蝙蝠算法的速度、位置更新的相关算子和操作,引入了平衡调整因子改善算法搜索能力。通过案例测试并与其他算法比较,验证了改进的离散蝙蝠算法可以有效地求解柔性作业车间调度问题,并具有较高的精确度。     

基于蚁群粒子群算法求解多目标柔性调度问题

通过分析多目标柔性作业车间调度问题中各目标的相互关系,提出一种主、从递阶结构的蚁群粒子群求解算法。算法中,主级为蚁群算法,在选择工件加工路径过程中实现设备总负荷和关键设备负荷最小化的目标;从级为粒子群算法,在主级工艺路径约束下的设备排产中实现工件流通时间最小化的目标。然后,以设备负荷和工序加工时间为启发式信息设计蚂蚁在工序可用设备间转移概率;基于粒子向量优先权值的大小关系设计解码方法实现设备上的工序排产。最后,通过仿真和比较实验,验证了该算法的有效性。     

教与同伴学习粒子群算法求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题

针对多目标柔性作业车间调度问题,提出了带Pareto非支配解集的教与同伴学习粒子群算法。首先,以工件的最大完工时间、最大机器负荷和所有机器总负荷为优化目标建立了多目标柔性作业车间调度模型。然后,该算法结合多目标Pareto方法和教与同伴学习粒子群算法,采用快速非支配排序算法产生初始Pareto非支配解集,用提取Pareto支配层程序更新Pareto非支配解集,同时采用混合分派规则产生初始种群,采用开口向上抛物线递减的惯性权重选择策略提高算法的收敛速度。最后,对3个Benchmark算例进行仿真实验。理论分析和仿真表明,与带向导性局部搜索的多目标进化算法(MOEA-GLS)和带局部搜索的控制遗传算法(AL-CGA)相比,对于相同的测试实例,该算法能产生更多更好的Pareto非支配解;在计算时间方面,该算法要小于带向导性局部搜索的多目标进化算法。实验结果表明该算法可以有效解决多目标柔性作业车间调度问题。     

Maintenance interval decision models for a system with failure interaction

Based on the three types of failure interactions, two periodical maintenance cost models were presented for a two-state series system and a three-state series system respectively, which all subjected to failure interactions between units. Consider any unit fails would cause damages to other units. The failure interaction influences included instantaneous damages and continuous damages between units. The result indicated that failure interactions will shorten system preventive maintenance interval, if the preventive maintenance strategy is based on the cost.     

Mathematical modeling and a hybridized bacterial foraging optimization algorithm for the flexible job-shop scheduling problem with sequencing flexibility

The flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) is an extension of the classical job-shop scheduling problem (JSP) in which operations can be performed by a set of candidate capable machines. An extended version of the FJSP, entitled sequencing flexibility, is studied in this work, which considers precedence between the operations in the form of a directed acyclic graph instead of a sequential order. In this work, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation is presented to minimize weighted tardiness for the FJSP with sequencing flexibility. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem, a novel biomimicry hybrid bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (HBFOA) is developed, which is inspired by the behavior of E. coli bacteria in its search for food. The developed HBFOA search method is hybridized with simulated annealing (SA). Additionally, the algorithm has been enhanced by a local search method based on the manipulation of critical operations. Classical dispatching rules have been employed to create the initial swarm of HBFOA, and a new dispatching rule named minimum number of operations has been devised. The developed approach has been packaged in the form of a decision support system (DSS) developed on top of Microsoft Excel—a tool most small and mid-range enterprises (SME) use heavily for planning. A case study with local industry is presented to validate the proposed HBFOA and MILP. Additional numerical experiments using literature benchmarks are further used for validation. The results demonstrate that the HBFOA outperformed the classical dispatching rules and the best integer solution of MILP when minimizing the weighted tardiness and offered comparable results for the makespan instances.     

具有时变失效率传感器的网络控制系统可靠性分析

针对实际应用中传感器失效率时变的特点,运用Markov状态转移的方法,构建网络控制系统可靠性的模型,并推导出其可靠性的大小.最后分别选取传感器失效率对正弦变化和指数变化的网络控制系统进行仿真,仿真的结果证明了所提出的方法是正确的.     

A stochastic model for the analysis of a two-machine flexible manufacturing cell

This paper presents a stochastic model to determine the performance of a flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) under variable operational conditions, including random machining times, random loading and unloading times, and random pallet transfer times. The FMC under study consists of two machines, pallet handling system, and a loading/unloading robot. After delivering the blanks by the pallet to the cell, the robot loads the first machine followed by the second. Unloading of a part starts with the machine that finishes its part first, followed by the next machine. When the machining of all parts on the pallet is completed, the handling system moves the pallet with finished parts out and brings in a new pallet with blanks. A model with these characteristics turns out to be a Markov chain with a transition matrix of size 5n+3, where n is the number of parts on the pallet. In this paper, we present exact numerical solutions and economic analysis to evaluate FMC systems, to determine optimal pallet capacity and robot speed that minimize total FMC cost per unit of production.     

Due-date assignment and machine scheduling in a low machine-rate situation with stochastic processing times

Due date assignment combined with shop floor scheduling has attracted enormous amount of research, in recent years. In many make-to-order situations, the processing times are not known exactly in advance. Further, machine rates are not constant at different times. We assume the case where the machine rate is low at the beginning of the scheduling horizon. However, it can be brought back to normal rate by performing a maintenance activity. The problem includes assigning due-dates and scheduling the jobs and maintenance activity on a single machine where the processing times are stochastic. The objective is minimizing the total cost of lengths of quoted due-dates and expected deviations of completion times from declared due-dates. The optimal solutions of medium-sized problems are found by solving some nonlinear programming models. For larger problems, robust metaheuristics are developed and their performances are statistically analyzed.     

Optimal replacement period of a two-unit system with failure rate interaction and external shocks

In this article, a periodical replacement model for a two-unit system which is both subjected to failure rate interaction and external shocks will be presented. Without external shocks, each unit 1, whenever it fails, will act as an interior shock to affect the failure rate of unit 2 and increase the failure rate of unit 2 to a certain degree, while each unit 2 failure causes unit 1 into instantaneous failure. Besides failure rate interaction between units, the system is also subjected to external shocks which can be divided into two types. Type A shock causes unit 1 into failure and then converts the damage of such a failure to unit 2, while type B shock makes the system total breakdown. All unit 1 failures are corrected by minimal repairs. The aim of this article is to derive the expected cost rate per unit time by introducing relative costs as a criterion of optimality, and then the optimal replacement period which minimizes that cost will be determined. A numerical example is given to illustrate the method.     

任务分解控制及人员柔性的车间集成调度

针对复杂产品制造环境下制造任务分解与资源配置脱节的问题,提出了制造任务分解与多目标人员柔性车间资源配置优化方法。在对复杂制造任务特点进行分析的基础上,建立了任务分解粒度控制模型和考虑人员柔性的制造单元资源模型,利用自适应非支配排序遗传算法进行求解,得到了较为满意的任务分解和车间资源调度方案。     

机器柔性度对柔性车间调度影响的研究

针对资源柔性与调度效果关系研究匮乏的问题,提出了采用资源－能力矩阵对资源柔性分布进行表示的方法和机器资源柔性程度的度量方法,建立了机器资源柔性约束下的作业车间调度问题模型,采用改进双种群蚁群算法进行求解。案例证明了机器资源柔性程度对调度效果的影响,为构建柔性制造系统提供了指导意见。     

基于随机有色网的柔性制造系统可用性评价方法

提出了一种柔性制造系统(FMS)的可用性评价新方法。针对传统可用性评价方法如故障树分析法、可靠图法等难以表达复杂系统的动态特性和系统内部的关联性的缺点,定义了一种基于随机Petri网和有色网对FMS生产过程进行表示的方法——SCPN(stochastic colored Petri nets)。通过构造制造单元的SCPN模型获得同构的马尔科夫链转移矩阵,将覆盖率和修复率加入可用性分析模型中,从而得到一种对FMS可用性进行评价的新方法。实验结果表明,所提方法可以对FMS进行建模,并能得到制造单元以及FMS的可用性,较以往的可用性评价方法更准确和全面。     

柔性作业车间生产计划与调度集成优化求解策略

针对柔性作业车间(Flexible job-shop, FJS)生产计划(Production planning, PP)与调度紧密衔接的特点, 建立了生产计划与调度集成优化模型. 模型综合考虑了安全库存、需求损失及工件加工路线柔性等方面因素. 提出了一种基于拉格朗日松弛(Lagrangian relaxation, LR)的分解算法, 将原问题分解为计划子问题与调度子问题. 针对松弛的生产计划子问题, 提出一种新的费用结构, 以保证生产计划决策与实际情况相符, 并设计了一种变量固定—松弛策略与滚动时域组合算法进行求解. 对于调度子问题中的加工路线柔性问题, 提出了一种新的机器选择策略. 通过数值实验验证了模型与算法的有效性.