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芥子油苷分解研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
芥子油苷是一种仅在十字花科植物中发现的一种重要的次生代谢物.近年来,由于其在黑芥子酶作用下的分解产物异硫代氰酸盐在人体抗癌方面的健康功效而不断受到大家的重视.增加食品中的芥子油苷含量和充分发挥其分解物的生物有效性已经成为现今的一个研究热点.从植物转化为食品的过程中,芥子油苷都在进行着不同形式的分解转化,这些不同分解过程直接决定了其产物的结构和生化作用,因此对其分解过程进行详细的了解,对减少其不必要的损失,发挥其健康功效具有十分重要的意义.本文就芥子油苷的酶解、热分解、肠内分解进行了详细的综述. 相似文献
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国产玛咖芥子油苷的组分分析和含量测定 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
目的:对国内不同颜色、不同地区的玛咖,及玛咖不同部位的芥子油苷的主要组分和含量进行鉴定和分析。方法:将玛咖粉末用70%甲醇提取,过DEAE-SephadexA-25阴离子交换柱后,加硫酸酯酶后于37℃的恒温箱酶解,洗脱液用LC-MS法分析其成分和含量。结果:各种不同玛咖的主要芥子油苷组分相同,均检测到苄基芥子油苷和间-甲氧基苄基芥子油苷这2种芳香族芥子油苷,其中前者占总含量约75%。芥子油苷在不同颜色玛咖中含量差异较小;在玛咖叶片、块根、须根3个不同部位含量差别很大,须根中含量高于主根,主根中高于叶片。同时,国内不同地区玛咖中芥子油苷含量也有较大差别。结论:使用LC-MS法可对国产玛咖中所含的芥子油苷组分及含量进行准确分析。 相似文献
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L-谷氨酸(L-glutamic acid, L-Glu)是植物中常见的氨基酸, 在氨基酸代谢中占有关键地位, 协调了植物的重要生理代谢功能, 包括氨的同化或异化和氨基酸转氨作用, 并为在植物抗逆境中发挥关键作用的氨基酸(如γ-氨基丁酸、脯氨酸和精氨酸)的生物合成提供碳骨架和α-氨基。L-Glu不仅作为代谢物和营养物质, 更是作为信号分子在植物生理代谢中发挥重要作用, 它参与种子萌发、根系生长、花粉管伸长、光合作用等生长发育过程, 也参与病原体抵抗、非生物胁迫(如盐、冷、热和干旱等)应激响应。植物中L-Glu代谢与信号转导的研究对粮食产物的高产稳产具有重要意义, 本文概述了植物中L-Glu的合成与代谢、在植物生长发育、胁迫响应中的重要生物学功能及缓解逆境胁迫的作用机制, 为植物源性食品的开发利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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以澳大利亚有机黄玛卡粉为原料,采用食用酒精提取有效成分,得到的提取液经浓缩、与白酒调制、冷沉、过滤等工序制得玛卡酒。以总生物碱和芥子油苷的提取率为评价指标,对食用酒精浓度、料液比、提取天数进行优化,并对其中生物碱、芥子油苷和玛卡酰胺的稳定性进行监测。结果表明:最佳提取工艺条件为食用酒精浓度90%、料液比100 mg/m L、提取天数6 d,提取液中生物碱、芥子油苷和玛卡酰胺提取率分别为91.10%±1.30%、92.28%±1.64%、90.50%±1.86%;最终玛卡酒产品中生物碱、芥子油苷和玛卡酰胺的保存率分别为81.20%±1.26%、68.33%±1.04%、81.76%±0.78%。对玛卡酒进行半年的贮藏性实验,发现芥子油苷含量降低最多,生物碱次之,玛卡酰胺稳定性良好。 相似文献
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硫代葡萄糖苷(glucosinolate,GS)是广泛存在于十字花科植物中的一种含硫的阴离子亲水次生代谢产物。硫苷及其部分降解产物具有抗癌、抗菌杀虫、改善风味等多种作用。近年来,人们尝试通过模拟环境信号分子来激发生物应激反应从而调节植物中硫苷的合成。因此,了解不同环境条件对硫代葡萄糖苷含量的影响是十分有必要的。本文综述了主要影响硫代葡萄糖苷含量的环境条件,包括昆虫的咀嚼、季节的变化、温度的差异、光照条件、营养条件、重金属等影响,以期为十字花科植株中硫代葡萄糖苷的深入研究提够理论依据。 相似文献
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Zihang Cheng Dongling Qiao Siming Zhao Binjia Zhang Qinlu Lin Fengwei Xie 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2022,21(4):3244-3273
Nowadays, resulting from disordered glucose and lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases (e.g., hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, and obesity) are among the most serious health issues facing humans worldwide. Increasing evidence has confirmed that dietary intervention (with healthy foods) is effective at regulating the metabolic syndrome. Whole grain rice (WGR) rich in dietary fiber and many bioactive compounds (e.g., γ-amino butyric acid, γ-oryzanol, and polyphenols) can not only inhibit starch digestion and prevent rapid increase in the blood glucose level, but also reduce oxidative stress and damage to the liver, thereby regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. The rate of starch digestion is directly related to the blood glucose level in the organism after WGR intake. Therefore, the effects of different factors (e.g., additives, cooking, germination, and physical treatments) on WGR starch digestibility are examined in this review. In addition, the mechanisms from human and animal experiments regarding the correlation between the intake of WGR or its products and the lowered blood glucose and lipid levels and the reduced incidence of diabetes and obesity are discussed. Moreover, information on developing WGR products with the health benefits is provided. 相似文献
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M. Larsen 《Journal of dairy science》2009,92(3):1071-1083
Six periparturient Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas and permanent indwelling catheters in the hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein, mesenteric vein, and an artery were used to study the effects of abomasal glucose infusion on splanchnic and whole-body glucose metabolism. The experimental design was a split plot, with cow as the whole plot, treatment as the whole-plot factor, and days in milk (DIM) as the subplot factor. Cows were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: the control (no infusion) or infusion (1,500 g/d of glucose infused into the abomasum from the day of calving). Cows were sampled at 12 d prepartum and at 4, 15, and 29 DIM. To study portal-drained visceral uptake of arterial glucose, [U-13C]glucose was continuously infused into the jugular vein on sampling days. Postpartum, voluntary dry matter intake and milk yield increased at a lower rate with the infusion compared with the control. The net portal flux of glucose increased with the infusion compared with the control, and 67 ± 5% of the infused glucose was recovered as increased portal flux of glucose. The net hepatic flux of glucose was lower with the infusion compared with the control; however, the net hepatic flux of glucose per kilogram of dry matter intake was not affected by treatment. The arterial concentrations of glucose and insulin decreased and concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids increased from prepartum to 4 DIM with the control, but these effects were not observed with the infusion. The arterial concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate decreased more from prepartum to 4 DIM with the infusion, compared with the control. Uptake of arterial [U-13C]glucose in the portal-drained viscera was affected neither by the infusion nor by the DIM and averaged 2.5 ± 0.2%. The whole-body glucose supply changed to be less dependent on the recycling of lactate (Cori cycle) with the infusion. It was concluded that small intestinal glucose absorption is an efficient source of glucose to the peripheral tissues of dairy cows in very early lactation. At least 67% of the available glucose was recovered in the portal vein without affecting hepatic gluconeogenesis. Infused cows produced less milk and had a lower feed intake, indicating that an improved glucogenic status in very early lactation impaired metabolic adaptations to lactation. 相似文献