超临界二氧化碳清洗铀样品技术研究

针对铀样品在机械加工过程中残留的几种常见冷却液成分：水、机油和三乙醇胺，开展了超临界二氧化碳对铀样品的清洗实验，探讨了超临界二氧化碳对铀样品表面常见机械加工残留物的清洗效果，同时对经超临界二氧化碳浸泡的铀样品表面化学成分及相结构也进行了分析。清洗实验结果表明，超临界二氧化碳流体对水和机油有一定的溶解能力，具有较好的清洗效果，但对三乙醇胺的溶解能力较差，几乎不溶解。对三乙醇胺可通过向超临界二氧化碳引入超声波的方法来有效清除。铀表面分析结果显示，清洗后的铀表面只有U和UO2相；俄歇电子能谱显示，铀与超临界二氧化碳作用过程中，碳和氧进入到了铀表层的一定深度范围。腐蚀实验结果表明，铀在超临界二氧化碳中浸泡后，其抗大气腐蚀的能力不会减弱，相反还有一定程度的提高。     

夹带剂对超临界CO_2去除铀表面冷却液粘污的影响

机加工后的铀试样,表面不可避免地残留下影响其腐蚀行为的冷却液粘污。利用含夹带剂的超临界CO2对铀表面机加冷却液粘污进行有效清洗,并利用红外光谱和拉曼光谱对清洗效果进行表征。从初步的实验结果来看,超临界CO2清洗能够去除铀表面大量冷却液粘污;而引入夹带剂甲醇、乙醇后,可进一步提高其清洗效果,且通过红外、拉曼光谱几乎检测不到表面任何冷却液粘污。     

CO处理对铀在40℃和70℃潮湿空气中抗蚀性能的影响

采用增重法研究了金属铀表面经CO处理后在40℃和70℃潮湿空气中的抗蚀能力。研究结果表明，在70℃潮湿空气中，其抗蚀能力增加不明显；而在40℃环境中，金属铀表面的抗蚀能力得到明显提高，且在实验范围内其抗能力随CO剂量的增加而增强。用俄歇电子谱（AES）分析了铀试样处理前后表层的成分变化。分析结果表明，铀表面径CO处理后，其表层形成了一定厚度的富碳层，并显示该富碳层对提高铀表面抗蚀能力起着重要作用。     

表面处理及气相防锈纸对铝合金抗大气腐蚀性能的影响

介绍了对经过不同表面处理和用不同纸包装的Al-Mg-Si-Cu系166铝合金和Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe-Ni系167铝合金样品进行的大气腐蚀试验的结果。试验结果表明:(1)合金成分对铝合金抗大气腐蚀的能力有一定的影响。167铝合金样品的局部腐蚀深度较深。(2)在100～230℃去离子水中进行过预生膜处理的167铝合金管材样品在存放8年后未见大气腐蚀迹象。(3)硫酸法阳极氧化膜在试验期内有效地防止了样品遭受大气腐蚀。(4)19号气相防锈纸不能防止淬火自然时效的166,167铝合金管材遭受大气腐蚀。     

表面处理及气相防锈纸对铝合金抗大气腐蚀性能的影响

介绍了对经过不同表面处理和用不同纸包装的Al-Mg-Si-Cu系166铝合金和Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe-Ni系167铝合金样品进行的大气腐蚀试验的结果。试验结果表明:(1)合金成分对铝合金抗大气腐蚀的能力有一定的影响。167铝合金样品的局部腐蚀深度较深。(2)在100～230℃去离子水中进行过预生膜处理的167铝合金管材样品在存放8年后未见大气腐蚀迹象。(3)硫酸法阳极氧化膜在试验期内有效地防止了样品遭受大气腐蚀。(4)19号气相防锈纸不能防止淬火自然时效的166,167铝合金管材遭受大气腐蚀。     

超临界CO2清洗铀屑技术

利用超临界CO2对铀机加工后切屑上残留的冷却液进行清洗,并通过称重结合化学分析法对清洗效果进行评价.从初步实验结果可知,提高清洗温度、压力,延长清洗时间,加大流速,都能够在一定程度上提高对切屑上冷却液的清洗效果.在超临界CO2中引入超声波,可进一步提高清洗效果.最后,对清洗工艺参数进行了初步优化.     

石墨涂层对铀抗蚀性能的影响研究

为了提高铀的抗氧化腐蚀能力,利用石墨的粘附特性,在铀表面涂覆一层石墨,并进行真空热处理,在100℃条件下对热处理后的样品进行氧化腐蚀试验。结果表明,在测量腐蚀增重时间内,无论是初始氧化腐蚀还是长时间氧化腐蚀,经过真空热处理后的石墨层均能够起到对铀表面的保护作用。对不同热处理工艺参数对抗腐蚀性的影响进行了探讨,认为涂覆石墨层的铀表面经真空热处理后,表面膜层所发生的变化是提高铀表面抗腐蚀性的主要原因。     

超临界CO2处理后的金属铀表面氧化腐蚀和电化学腐蚀实验研究

采用重量法和电化学方法分别得到表面经超临界CO2处理后的铀试样在60℃、70％RH条件下的氧化动力学曲线(△m-t)和在50μg/g Cl^-溶液中的阳极极化曲线、自腐蚀电流等抗蚀评价指标。结果表明：经超临界CO2处理后，金属铀表面抗氧化腐蚀性能和抗化学介质腐蚀性能均有一定程度提高。对钝化膜提高金属铀表面抗腐蚀性能的原因进行了探讨。     

金属铀表面经CO处理后的腐蚀行为研究

采用增重法和电化学方法分别研究了金属铀表面经CO处理后在40℃干燥空气中的抗氧化能力和在14mmol/L Cl^-溶液中的抗化学介质腐蚀的能力。研究结果表明：金属铀表面经CO处理后，在40℃干燥空气中的抗氧化能力增强；在14mmol/L Cl^-溶液中的抗化学介质腐蚀的能力也增强，而且在实验所用CO剂量范围内，金属铀的抗腐蚀能力随C0剂量的增加而增强。     

321不锈钢在低酸度硝酸铀酰溶液中的腐蚀特性

用称量法和电化学法研究了321不锈钢在不同浓度和pH值的硝酸铀酰溶液中的高温均匀腐蚀和电化学府蚀行为。均匀腐蚀试验结果表明．在选定的腐蚀条件下，321不锈钢样品在960h内，其表面光洁度无明显变化．腐蚀速率小于0．04mg/m^2.h，在低酸度的硝酸铀酰溶液中耐蚀。用腐蚀电入学法研究了321不锈钢在有溶解氧的硝酸铀酰溶液中的腐蚀电化学特性，测量了电极的腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流密度。经AES分析表明，电化学腐蚀后的样品在腐蚀膜中有一定量的铀．深度剖析含铀腐蚀膜的厚度为10—15nm。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.