Linear Companding Transform for the Reduction of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of OFDM Signals

A major drawback of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals is their high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which causes serious degradation in performance when a nonlinear power amplifier (PA) is used. Companding transform (CT) is a well-known method to reduce PAPR without restrictions on system parameters such as number of subcarriers, frame format and constellation type. Recently, a linear nonsymmetrical companding transform (LNST) that has better performance than logarithmic-based transforms such as $mu$-law companding was proposed. In this paper, a new linear companding transform (LCT) with more design flexibility than LNST is proposed. Computer simulations show that the proposed transform has a better PAPR reduction and bit error rate (BER) performance than LNST with better power spectral density (PSD).      

光载无线通信链路拉格朗日乘子线性度优化

非线性失真是影响光载无线通信链路无杂散动态范围和工作带宽的主要因素.通过结合射频功率比、偏振复用和偏置控制技术,针对分布式天线系统,构建了一种大动态范围和跨倍频程带宽多通道光载无线通信链路.利用拉格朗日乘子法对所提链路进行线性度优化建模,得到了射频输出功率、偏振入射角和射频功率比之间的最佳折衷,从而在抑制三阶交调失真和二阶谐波失真的基础上,实现了链路线性度的最优化.仿真和实验结果验证了所提方案的有效性和可行性.     

电子束缩小投影曝光机数字对准处理技术

介绍电子束缩小投影响曝光机对准系统的构成及原理，阐述数字处理技术在对准系统中的应用，以及对准数据的产生及数字处理的软件设计，并给出实际测试结果。     

Movie Denoising by Average of Warped Lines

Here, we present an efficient method for movie denoising that does not require any motion estimation. The method is based on the well-known fact that averaging several realizations of a random variable reduces the variance. For each pixel to be denoised, we look for close similar samples along the level surface passing through it. With these similar samples, we estimate the denoised pixel. The method to find close similar samples is done via warping lines in spatiotemporal neighborhoods. For that end, we present an algorithm based on a method for epipolar line matching in stereo pairs which has per-line complexity O(N) , where is the number of columns in the image. In this way, when applied to the image sequence, our algorithm is computationally efficient, having a complexity of the order of the total number of pixels. Furthermore, we show that the presented method is unsupervised and is adapted to denoise image sequences with an additive white noise while respecting the visual details on the movie frames. We have also experimented with other types of noise with satisfactory results.     

精密远紫外光刻中的对准优化

随着芯片特征尺寸的减小 ,光刻成像技术的不断提高 ,而关键尺寸 (ＣＤｓ)的缩小则产生了更为精确的套刻精度。这些套刻精度在已随着工作台技术和对准系统的改进而得到了满足 ,但这些技术的发展还不能与不断提高的套刻精度保持同步 ,因此需要探索控制套刻和对准的新方法。有价值的对准特性信息由曝光设备获得。在片子对准时 ,对片子上的多点位置测量而获得。根据这些测量信息 ,计算出一种对准模型并用于调整曝光图形。之后这种模型再被用于计算曝光过程对准部分的剩余误差 ,并给出对准质量的象征。为满足严格的套刻容差 ,更多的精力应放在这…     

Finite-Impulse-Response Digital Differentiators for Midband Frequencies Based on Maximal Linearity Constraints

Maximally linear digital differentiators (DDs) are known for high accuracy in narrow frequency bands centered at the frequency for which they are designed. In this paper, designs of DDs of odd and even lengths having maximal linearity at the middle of the frequency band are presented. Applying the maximal linearity constraints to the magnitude response of a differentiator gives a system of linear equations, which can be solved for the impulse response coefficients of the differentiator. It is observed that the coefficient matrices of these equations are Vandermonde matrices, and this helps in finding the solution of the equations in closed form. Design examples are presented to show the accuracy of the presented designs, and it is observed that even-length designs are more accurate in a significantly wider frequency band as compared with odd-length designs     

Linearity Improved Doherty Power Amplifier Using Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines

A Doherty power amplifier using composite right/left-handed transmission lines (CRLH-TL) is proposed for linearity improvement. The $lambda/$4 transmission line incorporating CRLH-TL is designed to suppress the second harmonic of the output of the main amplifier. The output power of the proposed power amplifier at the fundamental frequency (2.30 GHz) shows 31.0 dBm with 13 dBm input power excited. The Doherty power amplifier using CRLH-TL improves the linearity considerably compared to that without employing CRLH-TL.      

应用于LTE的高效率高线性功率放大器

基于2 μm InGaP/GaAs HBT工艺,设计并实现了一种用于LTE终端的高效率、高线性功率放大器.采用模拟预失真和相位补偿器抑制幅度失真和相位失真,实现了高线性度;利用二次谐波终端电容改变电路工作模式,减少时域电压电流的重叠损耗功率,提高了功率附加效率.结果 表明,在3.4V电源电压、2.8V偏置电压时,在工作...     

一种应用于WLAN的高线性度CMOS功率放大器

基于TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种应用于WLAN的高线性度CMOS AB类功率放大器。电路采用两级结构和片外匹配网络。为了实现高线性度,采用电容补偿技术,并选择合适的偏置点以减小gm的3次非线性,在绑线和PCB走线时,利用HFSS进行了精确的建模。该功率放大器供电电压为1.8 V和3.3 V,后仿结果显示,在2.45 GHz处的输出1 dB压缩点P1dB为25.3 dBm,功率附加效率PAE为33%;在WLAN802.11g测试环境下,输入64QAM信号进行仿真,输出误差向量幅度EVM和频谱掩膜均满足指标要求,最大线性输出功率为15 dBm。     

10W高线性802.11n功率放大芯片设计

本文介绍了一款用于无线局域网802.11n的10W功率放大芯片。该芯片具有高功率、高增益、高效率和高集成度的特点,并且使用方便。芯片采用GaAs HBT技术,芯片面积仅为10mm×10mm。功率放大器采用了热分流式结构,饱和输出功率可达41dBm,功率附加效率达到40%,功率增益为38dB。此外芯片内部设计了50欧姆的输入输出匹配电路与片内ESD保护电路,方便用户安全使用。     

抗干扰导航接收机射频前端线性度优化设计

针对干扰条件下无自动增益控制(AGC)电路的卫星导航接收机射频前端的设计,在给定A/D采样芯片和混频器的条件下,根据抗干扰需求,提出了线性度指标的优化设计方法,得出了各级电路的增益、1dB压缩点、三阶交调截点和噪声系数的求解方法,以此指导器件选型。根据此优化设计方法,设计了某卫星导航系统的一种接收机射频前端,达到预期抗干扰效果,证明此方法有效可行。     

微波功率放大器失真分析及线性化处理

微波线性功率放大器的用途越来越广,因此微波功率放大器的线性化处理技术也越来越受到重视.着重分析线性功率放大器的非线性特性,介绍几种比较常用的线性化处理技术.     

Internet Multicasting of IPTV With Essentially-Zero Delay Jitter

A technology for multicasting packetized multimedia streams such as IPTV over the Internet backbone is proposed and explored through extensive simulations. An RSVP or DiffServ algorithm is used to reserve resources (i.e., bandwidth and buffer space) in each packet-switched IP router in an IP multicast tree. Each IP router uses an Input-Queued (IQ) switch architecture with unity speedup. A recently proposed low-jitter scheduling algorithm is used to pre-compute a deterministic transmission schedule for each IP router. The IPTV traffic will be delivered through the multicast tree in a deterministic manner, with bounds on the maximum delay and jitter of each packet (or cell). A playback buffer is used at each destination to filter out residual network jitter and deliver a very low-jitter video stream to each end-user. Detailed simulations of an IPTV distribution network, multicasting 75 high-definition video streams over a fully-saturated IP backbone are presented. The simulations represent the transmission of 129 billion cells of real video data and where performed on a 160-node cluster computing system. In the steady-state, each IP router buffers approx. 2 cells (128 bytes) of video data per multicast output-port. The observed delay jitter is zero when a playback buffer of 15 milliseconds is used. All simulation parameters are presented.      

利用预失真技术降低功放的非线性

介绍了一种改善大功率功放非线性的数字化预失真技术。在大功率干扰设备中,功率 放大器的非线性失真对通信对抗的多目标干扰的能力可造成严重影响。为了优化干扰信号的质量,可 采用信号预失真技术,可有效提高干扰信号的谐波抑制和多目标干扰信号的互调抑制能力,改善干扰信 号质量,进而提高通信对抗设备的多目标干扰能力。     

Adaptive Predistorters for Linearization of High-Power Amplifiers in OFDM Wireless Communications

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has several desirable attributes which make it a prime candidate for a number of emerging wireless communication standards. However, one of the major problems posed by OFDM is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which seriously limits the power efficiency of the high-power amplifier (HPA) because of the nonlinear distortion resulting from the high PAPR. We provide a new mixed computational/analytical approach for adaptive compensation of this nonlinear distortion for cases in which the HPA is a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) and solid state power amplifier (SSPA). TWTAs are used in wireless communication systems when high transmission power is required as in the case of the digital satellite channel, and SSPAs are generally used in mobile communication systems. Compared to previous predistorter techniques based on LUT (look-up table) or adaptive schemes, our approach relies on the analytical inversion of Saleh's TWTA model and Rapp's SSPA model in combination with a nonlinear parameter estimation algorithm. This leads to a sparse and yet accurate representation of the predistorter, with the capability of tracking efficiently any rapidly time-varying behavior of the HPA. Computer simulations results illustrate and validate the approach presented.     

Optimization Technique for Dynamic Reconfiguration of Programmable Analog/Digital Arrays

This paper presents an investigation of dynamically reconfigurable mixed-signal circuit constructed using a digital control system and the new technology of Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA). A Motorola FPAA described in this paper can be used to build filters for analog signals as well as other kinds of analog applications implemented in switched capacitor technology (S/C-technology). The experimental studies described, take advantage of performance and programmability of the FPAA for filtering of an analog signal. The circuit structure is based on 2 parallel FPAA chips, analog multiplexer and multiplexer's control logic controlled by a digital system such as a PC or a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Dynamic reconfiguration is used in this system for adaptive filtering, or adaptive processing in general. Modeling and measurements of the transition behavior of the switching process between the 2 FPAA chips and analysis of limitations imposed by hardware imperfections will be presented. The experimental system assembled in this work is an excellent vehicle to learn about intricacies in performance of mixed-signal circuits and is used for verification of theoretical predictions and model validation/modification.     

Multisource Image Fusion Method Using Support Value Transform

With the development of numerous imaging sensors, many images can be simultaneously pictured by various sensors. However, there are many scenarios where no one sensor can give the complete picture. Image fusion is an important approach to solve this problem and produces a single image which preserves all relevant information from a set of different sensors. In this paper, we proposed a new image fusion method using the support value transform, which uses the support value to represent the salient features of image. This is based on the fact that, in support vector machines (SVMs), the data with larger support values have a physical meaning in the sense that they reveal relative more importance of the data points for contributing to the SVM model. The mapped least squares SVM (mapped LS-SVM) is used to efficiently compute the support values of image. The support value analysis is developed by using a series of multiscale support value filters, which are obtained by filling zeros in the basic support value filter deduced from the mapped LS-SVM to match the resolution of the desired level. Compared with the widely used image fusion methods, such as the Laplacian pyramid, discrete wavelet transform methods, the proposed method is an undecimated transform-based approach. The fusion experiments are undertaken on multisource images. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective and is superior to the conventional image fusion methods in terms of the pertained quantitative fusion evaluation indexes, such as quality of visual information (Q^AB/F) , the mutual information, etc.     

中频数字预失真法改善功率放大器的非法性

对高功率放大器的失真特性进行了数学分析,描述了功率放大器三阶和五阶互调产物随工作状态不同而发生的变化。总结了常用的几种预失真线性化方法,着重详细介绍了中频数字预失真线性化方法对非线性功率放大器的校正原理和预失真电路系统设计,并通过Matlab仿真软件对设计电路进行了仿真,给出了仿真结果。对工程设计具有一定的指导意义。