含铅含镉废水处理技术

对含铅含镉废水的化学沉淀法、离子交换法、电解法、反渗透法、电渗析法、活性炭吸附法、生物法、膜处理技术等进行了综合评述、分析.     

臭氧化-生物活性炭深度处理工艺分析

我国饮用水水源不同程度地存在污染情况,这使得常规处理工艺很难使出水达到日益提高的饮用水水质标准的严格要求。因此,采用饮用水深度处理工艺已越来越显得必要。文章对臭氧化-生物活性炭深度处理技术的生物稳定性和消毒副产物前质等问题进行了浅要分析。     

无机材料对PVA-H3BO3包埋固定化方法的改进

利用无机材料活性炭纤堆、泥炭、蛭石、高岭土、珍珠岩、钙基膨润土、粉末活性炭和硅藻土对PVA-H3BO3固定化方法进行改进,包埋固定已筛选的阿特拉津降解菌,制成生物微球,在10℃条件下考察其对生物微球溶胀行为及生物微球去除阿特拉津效果的影响.结果表明,空白生物微球和高岭土改性生物微球对AT的去除符合零级动力学方程,其余10种生物微球对AT的去除符合一级动力学方程.活性炭改性生物微球对AT的去除半衰期最短,为2.61 h;硝化泥炭改性生物微球对AT的去除半衰期最长,为39,93 h.结合实验现象和扫描电镜分析结果显示,强碱泥炭、硅藻土、蛭石、130℃烘干泥炭、磺化泥炭、珍珠岩改性生物微球和未添加无机材料改性的生物微球未发生溶胀现象.     

混凝澄清在焦化废水处理中的应用

1概述焦化废水成分复杂、毒性强、且大多为有机有毒污染物,在工业废水处理中一直是一个较难解决的问题。焦化废水通常采用活性污泥法、生物膜法等之类的二级生物处理法处理,使得挥发酚、氰化物等易分解的有机毒物能基本达到工业废水排放标准,但传统生物法对COD、总氰化物及氨氮的处理一般很难达标,在不改变主体生物法工艺的情况下,有必要对生化出水进行三级深度处理。三级深度处理一般常用方法有:混凝澄清法、气浮法、过滤法、活性炭吸附法等。混凝澄清法具有设备单一、操作方便、运行成本低等优点,因此八钢焦化废水的三级深度选用了混凝…     

生物接触氧化法处理洗毛废水

对经过萃取羊毛脂、厌氧发酵后的洗毛废水采用活性炭生物接触氧化法进一步处理,出水COD从620－640mg/L降到60－100mg/L,BOD5从410－430mg/L降到40－70mg/L,达到国家排放标准,如果再进一步处理,可重新用于洗毛过程。     

焦化生物脱酚水深度处理的工业试验

利用焦化厂现有的生物脱酚设施，在不影响生物脱酚设施正常运行的条件下，向二沉池投加聚合硫酸铁和聚丙烯酰胺，用焦炭－活性炭对生物脱酚出水进行深度处理工业试验。结果表明处理后水中ＣＯＤ降至１００ｍｇ／ｌ以下，氨氮小于１５０ｍｇ／ｌ，浊度小于５０ｍｇ／ｌ，基本达到国家排放标准和复用水质要求，每年可节资５４．９６万元。     

活性炭载体的超声波处理对Pt／C催化剂活性的影响分析

通过对活性炭载体进行不同条件的超声波处理获得了具有不同表面化学性质的载体，使用比表面积（BET）、酸碱滴定等技术手段对载体的物理化学性质进行了表征。将经过超声波处理的活性炭载体制备成Pt／C催化剂，并将催化剂直接用于催化反应，考察了活性炭载体的不同超声波处理条件对Pt／C催化剂性能的影响。实验发现，活性炭载体经过超声波处理后，表面灰分含量、pH值和中孔孔容有较大的变化；使用经过60min超声波处理后中孔孔容较大的活性炭作为载体制备的Pt／C催化剂，在催化加氢反应性能测试中显示了最高的催化活性。在此基础上，就活性炭载体的超声波处理对Pt／C催化剂活性的影响进行了讨论。     

改性煤基活性炭的吸附性能试验研究

采用酸、碱对煤基活性炭进行表面改性,并以自制吸附装置考察室温下改性前后的活性炭对四氯化碳、苯的吸附能力。结果表明:经酸、碱改性的活性炭对四氯化碳的吸附能力都有所提高,但对苯的吸附性能没有明显改善;用浓度为0.676 2mol/L的硝酸溶液12.5mL酸改性活性炭可用于处理含Pb2+废水。     

废定影液提银技术研究进展

文中综述了从洗相废定影液中回收银采用的物理法、化学法及生物法,分析了各种处理方法的优缺点以及废液再利用的途径。从经济、环保的角度出发,提出了采用金属置换法与活性炭吸附法联合回收废定影液中的银,更为合理、有效。     

活性炭移动层式烧结机烟气处理技术

活性炭移动层工艺法不仅具有同时处理多种有害物质的一机多能烟气处理功效,而且比布置多台单功能烟气处理装置具有节省占地的优势。介绍了活性炭移动层烟气除尘技术、脱硫技术、脱硝、脱二恶英及金属汞的原理和工艺,并指出活性炭移动层工艺法具有综合成本竞争力。     

Utilization of an Activated Sludge for the Improvement of an Existing Thermophilic Wastewater Treatment System

A pilot-scale activated sludge system was started to determine its effectiveness in treating the thermophilic biological effluent from an existing organic chemical industrial wastewater treatment system. Preliminary results demonstrated that an additional 95% biological oxygen demand and 65% dissolved organic carbon removal was achieved. In addition, significant biodegradation of the volatile organic compounds and organic nitrogen was observed.     

冶金工业废水处理中泡沫控制技术

介绍了冶金工业废水的特点以及活性污泥生物处理过程中存在泡沫的问题;分析了泡沫的形成机理、影响因素及物理、化学、机械、生物法控制泡沫的原理和优缺点;提出机械消泡是处理冶金工业高浓度有机废水的最佳方案,同时展望了机械消泡装置的发展方向。     

热改性对柱状活性炭脱硫能力的影响

在N2保护下采用不同温度对柱状活性炭进行热改性,得到了5种改性活性炭(AC-1～AC-5),将改性前后的活性炭(AC)分别置于含有SO2且有水蒸气和氧气存在的条件下进行脱硫试验,利用气体吸附仪和扫描电镜对改性前后活性炭表面的物理性质进行了表征.试验结果表明,当改性温度为700～900℃时,改性后活性炭的脱硫能力随着改性...     

Use of Membrane Bioreactor for Biodegradation of MTBE in Contaminated Water

An ultrafiltation membrane bioreactor was evaluated for biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in contaminated water. The system was fed 5 mg/L MTBE in granular activated carbon (GAC) treated Cincinnati tap water containing ample buffer and nutrients. Within 120 days the culture had adapted to membrane operational conditions and was consistently achieving greater than 99.95% biological removal of both MTBE and tert-butyl alcohol. This condition was steadily maintained for the next 200 days of study. Effluent dissolved organic carbon values remained at or below concentrations of the feed GAC treated tap water alone. An increase in biomass concentration as measured by volatile suspended solids was observed to correlate with an increase in MTBE removal efficiency. Some operational observations, including fouling, recovery from an accident, and overall performance, are described.     

Evaluation of Drinking Water Biostability Using Biofilm Methods

A biofilm based, annular reactor method was developed and used to measure the biological regrowth potential of effluent water from various pilot treatment processes at the New York City Croton Lake Pilot Plant. A series of studies were carried out over the year-long study to collect bacterial growth and organic carbon biodegradation data for waters from six treatment options, including the raw source water. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations were made to determine the effects of filter media type, direct filtration, preozonation, and primary chlorination on the relative biostability of the produced waters compared to that of the original source water and water currently being distributed to consumers. In addition, results were compared to those obtained using traditional biodegradable organic material measuring methods such as assimilable organic carbon and biodegradable organic carbon. Quantitative biostability factors were developed that take into account both biological growth potential and biodegradability of the tested waters. Results from these studies were used to compare various piloted treatment processes and to assess pilot plant operation, design parameters, and seasonal source water quality.     

Carbon Adsorption and Air-Stripping Removal of MTBE from River Water

Through 1998, methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) was the most commonly used fuel oxygenate in Reno, Nevada. Winter-use of oxygenated gasolines is required in areas of the country that exceed carbon monoxide air quality standards. MTBE has not been detected in Reno’s raw water sources, but treatment alternatives must be assessed to fully prepare for possible contamination events. In this research, bench-scale studies using activated carbon and air stripping were conducted to evaluate the treatability of a high concentration of MTBE in Truckee River water, which is the primary surface supply for the Reno area. Results indicated that neither method appears practical for treating MTBE-laden water for one day at a 1.14×108?L/day (30 MGD) treatment plant. The capital costs estimated for full-scale application of these processes are approximately $5 million each. Estimated treatment costs for activated carbon and air stripping are approximately $0.043/L ($0.161/gal) and $0.047/L ($0.177/gal), respectively. Temporary closure of treatment facilities may be the best response to an accidental spill.     

乏风瓦斯分离富集用椰壳基活性炭的制备

以椰壳为原料、酚醛树脂为粘结剂及聚乙二醇（PEG）为造孔剂和分散剂,采用水蒸气活化制备活性炭,以所制备的活性炭为吸附剂,采用真空变压吸附法（VPSA）对乏风瓦斯进行分离富集.分别考察了不同活化条件对活性炭孔结构性能的影响,以及不同VPSA操作条件对乏风瓦斯富集效果的影响.结果表明:以酚醛树脂与粉体炭的质量比为0.5 g/g制备的成型炭作为炭质前驱体进行活化,在活化时间为5 h、通入水量为1.96 cm3/min和活化温度为825 ℃的条件下制备的活性炭,其对应的比表面积、微孔体积及微孔率分别达到795 m2/g、0.37 cm3/g和84.1%;并以该活性炭为吸附剂,在最佳操作条件下,乏风瓦斯（甲烷含量约0.5%）经富集后,产气中CH₄浓度和回收率分别为1.51%和96%.      

碳纤维工业废水的处理技术

对聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的生产过程的废水源头和废水处理技术进行了总结。为有针对性地处理碳纤维工业废水提供有益参考。废水处理技术可分为化学法、生物法和物理化学法,各处理方法特点各异。     

A/O活性污泥系统与生物膜系统处理炼焦工业废水对比试验研究

考察了在相同的运行条件下,A/O活性污泥系统和生物膜系统对炼焦工业废水的处理效果。试验结果表明,生物膜系统的抗冲击负荷能力强,处理效果优于A/O活性污泥系统,达到相同污染物去除率,生物膜系统的总水力停留时间缩短了7.5h,而且运行管理简单。