共沉淀法制备Al（OH）3-Y（OH）3/ZrB2复合粉体的热力学形成条件研究

由于ZrB2的独特晶体结构,使其兼有金属和陶瓷的许多优异的物理和化学性能,因此在许多领域得到广泛应用。本文利用共沉淀法制备A1(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体,并研究其形成热力学条件。经过热力学计算并用实验验证得出:ZrB2悬浮液的pH值必须大于8.3,才符合Al3+与Y3+共沉淀所需热力学条件;当ZrB2悬浮液的pH值为9时,A1(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体的壳-核结构最好。在溶液浓度较低的情况下,可以获得具有理想壳-核结构的A1(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体,即c(Al3+)=0.017mol/L,c(Y3+)=0.010mol/L,分别接近于Al(NO3)3和Y(NO3)3浓度的热力学条件计算拟定值,即:0.012 60mol/L和0.007 56mol/L。     

pH值对Al(OH)3和Y(OH)3共沉淀包覆SiC颗粒的影响

利用化学共沉淀方法制备了SiC/(Al(OH3) Y(OH)3)陶瓷复合粉体。研究了pH值对SiC/(Al(OH)3 Y(OH)3)复合粉体的ξ电位和分散性的影响，以及pH值对Al(OH)3和Y（OH）3在SiC表面包覆性的影响。结果表明，当溶液的pH=9时，SiC/(Al(OH)3 Y(OH)3)复合粒子表面的ξ电位值较高，复合粉体的分散性和包覆效果也较好。     

包裹型ZrB_2-YAG-Al_2O_3复相陶瓷的制备及氧化性能研究

ZrB2具有许多优异性能,应用非常广泛。采用共沉淀法成功合成包裹型A1(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体,再通过600℃煅烧得到了包裹型Al2O3-Y2O3/ZrB2复合粉体。包裹型Al2O3-Y2O3-ZrB2粉体在1 700℃、20MPa、4min的放电等离子烧结(SPS)条件下烧结致密化制备包裹型ZrB2-YAG-Al2 O3陶瓷。复相陶瓷的氧化增重随着氧化温度升高而增大,随着YAG-Al2O3含量增大而减小。     

改性超细Al(OH)_3水悬浮液的稳定性

选用六偏磷酸钠对超细Al(OH)3 粉体进行湿法改性,利用红外光谱评价其改性效果.通过沉降量、沉降速率及透光率的测定,研究了分散剂、pH值、温度和搅拌速率对Al(OH)3水悬浮液体系的稳定性影响.结果表明,六偏磷酸钠湿法改性过的Al(OH)3 粉体亲水性增强,在288 K,pH值为11的条件下,控制搅拌速率为600 r/min,加入0.2%的Tween-20可制得分散性和稳定性俱佳的改性Al(OH)3水悬浮液体系.     

共沉淀法制备稀土石榴石Ln3Al5O12(Ln=Y, Ce, Yb)

以Y2O3、Yb2O3、Al(NO3)3.9H2O和Ce(NO3)3.6H2O为原料,NH4HCO3、NH3.H2O做复合沉淀剂,用共沉淀法制备纳米稀土石榴石Ln3Al5O12(LnAG,Ln=Y,Ce,Yb)粉体。用TG/DTA、XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对LnAG前驱体及煅烧后的粉体进行表征。结果表明,用上述方法在1 000℃煅烧3h可得到分散性好、形状规则且粒径为50nm左右的Y3Al5O12、Yb3Al5O12、Y2.9Ce0.1Al5O12石榴石粉体,但不能得到Ce3Al5O12石榴石,合成石榴石粉体的最佳煅烧温度为1 050℃以上。     

Mg~(2+)-CO_3~(2-)-Nta~(3-)-H_2O体系热力学平衡分析

以氨三乙酸盐为配体浸出次生氧化矿杂质镁的常见形态碳酸镁,建立了Mg~(2+)-CO_3~(2-)-Nta~(3-)-H_2O体系的配合平衡热力学,并在氨三乙酸根(Nta~(3-))总浓度0~2.5mol/L和pH 5~14范围内绘制了其热力学平衡图,考察了Nta~(3-)配体对镁的选择性。结果表明,碳酸镁在酸性条件下的浸出主要是H+的作用,在碱性条件下的浸出主要是Nta~(3-)和Mg~(2+)的配合作用,但是其配合能力较弱,导致其在碱性条件下溶出量有限。因此,碱性氨三乙酸盐体系对矿物中镁具有较高的选择性。     

小粒径镍锰两元前驱体Ni0.6Mn0.4(OH)2的形貌及应用性能

以共沉淀-控制结晶法为基础,研究了反应条件氨浓度、pH值、造核方式及反应温度对Ni_0.6Mn_0.4(OH)₂(H6040)前驱体形貌的影响,同时重点研究了相同pH下,不同氨浓度对正极材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明,氨浓度、pH值、造核方式对前驱体的形貌有较大影响,而反应温度对前驱体的一次颗粒有较大影响。当氨浓度为0.14mol/L、pH为11.5～11.6、造核方式采用镍液和氢氧化钠溶液同时进入的情况下,制备出了形貌良好的小粒径前驱体Ni_0.6Mn_0.4(OH)₂和电化学性能优异的正极材料。     

411钪酸盐前躯体制备工艺的研究

以Ba(NO3)2、Ca(NO3)2、Al2(CO3)3为原料,添加3%Sc(NO3)3,采用液相共沉淀法制备了扩散型阴极用411钪酸盐前躯体。通过四因素三水平正交实验,研究了411钪酸盐前躯体的制备工艺。结果表明,液相共沉淀法制备411钪酸盐前躯体的最佳工艺:盐浓度0.4 mol/L,溶液pH=10,沉淀剂摩尔量为理论值的4倍。     

共沉淀法合成CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合纳米晶的研究

以Al(NO3)3·9H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,氨水为pH值调节剂,并加入少量表面活性剂PEG4000,采用化学共沉淀法制备了前驱体,前驱体经高温热处理得到含25%(质量分数)CeO2的CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合纳米晶。通过正交试验,获得了共沉淀的优化条件:pH值为9～10,反应温度约30℃,反应时间为20min,表面活性剂用量为0.44%(质量分数),前驱体热处理温度800℃为宜。使用TG/DTA、XRD、BET、IR、纯度及化学成分分析等方法对CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合纳米晶的性能进行了表征。     

化学共沉淀法制备纳米级NiFeCo合金前驱体的热力学分析

根据同时平衡原理和质量守恒定律,建立了25℃时Me2+-CO23--NH3-H2O(Me2+=Fe2+,Ni2+,Co2+)体系中各种金属总离子浓度与pH的关系,绘制了不同[Ct]和[N]t条件下各金属离子的lg[Met]-pH图。热力学分析表明:增加溶液中总碳浓度或减少总氨浓度,有利于金属离子的共沉淀;当溶液中[Ct]和[N]t分别控制在1.0mol/L和0.2mol/L时,Fe2+、Co2+和Ni2+共沉淀的最佳pH范围为7～8,此时溶液中残余金属离子总浓度在0.1mmol/L以下。     

氢氧化镧和氢氧化钕微粉的制备

采用化学共沉淀法制备La(OH)3和Nd(OH)3微粉,研究了反应物浓度、氨水浓度、滴定速度以及加入分散剂对制备La(OH)3微粉和Nd(OH)3微粉粒度的影响,初步确定了制备D50≤1μm的La(OH)3微粉和Nd(OH)3微粉的最佳工艺条件。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of Y(OH)3, Y(OH)3:Eu3+ nanotubes and the photoluminescence of Y(OH)3:Eu3+,Y2O3:Eu3+

The phase and morphology transformation during the hydrothermal treating process of Y2O3 was evaluated with X-ray diffcrcnce (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size and specific surface area determination.The results showed that the cubic Y2O3 did not transfer into hexagonal Y(OH)3 in pure water. Therefore, pure hexagonal Y(OH)3 with nanotube and microrod morphologies were obtained by hydrothermal treating Y2O3 at 150℃ for 12 h in 15 ml of 2 mol/L NaOH solution with and with-out PVA or PEG It was suggested that the characteristic preferential growth of Y(OH)3 was attributed to the structure anisotropy of hexahedron Y(OH)3. The addition of PVA or PEG could promote the forming process of nanotubes by selective adsorption on different crystal planes,which altered the growth rate along different directions and resulted in the diffusion limit of constructing ions in the center top of rods. Finally,Y(OH)3:Eu and Y2O3:Eu nanotubes were also synthesized by using this method, and their photoluminescence properties were evaluated.     

离子膜电解法制备La(OH)3

利用阴离子交换膜电解方法制备了La(OH)3。研究了电极材料、电流密度、反应介质对La(OH)3的影响。使用不锈钢材料作阴极,在电流密度低于300 A.m-2时,La(OH)3质量随电解时间线性增大。较佳工艺条件为:电流密度300 A.m-2,LaCl3浓度为0.2 mol.L-1,添加剂浓度为15%。循环伏安曲线表明,电解过程中不锈钢表面氧化膜和H 的还原均有一个电流阶跃,两个阶跃间有一个相对平缓的电流区域。相同电压时,无添加剂的0.2 mol.L-1LaCl3溶液电流最大,含15%添加剂时的电流下降,0.6 mol.L-1NaCl空白溶液的电流最小。La(OH)3的生成使析氢电位正移。     

Anti-tumor effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in seborrheic keratosis

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is a drug with potent antiproliferative action on keratinocytes that have nuclear receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3. We investigated the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on widespread seborrheic keratoses in 51 patients with these tumors. The data indicated that resolution of these tumors was dependent on both tumor size and dose of 1,25(OH)2D3. Among 15 patients treated with a high dose (0.5 microgram/d) of oral 1,25(OH)2D3, the lesions of widespread seborrheic keratoses changed from brown-black papules to brownish papules with erythema and/or crust as early as 2 wk after the start of treatment. The tumors finally developed into an atrophic scar or brownish pigmented macule. Histologically, vacuolation of the spinous cells, vesicle formation, and liquefaction degeneration of the basaloid cells were observed. Numerous lymphocytes had infiltrated in the papillary dermis. Among 36 patients treated with a low dose (0.25 microgram/d) of 1,25(OH)2D3, brownish papules became pale to normal in color and reduced in size, without erythematous change. Histologically, acanthosis of the epidermis was reduced, but degenerative change of the tumor cells was not observed. These data suggest that oral therapy of 1,25(OH)2D3 is an acceptable method well suited to the removal of seborrheic keratoses, especially those that are predominantly small tumors.     

循环流化床氢氧化铝焙烧系统的设计软件平台开发

针对循环流化床氢氧化铝焙烧系统,基于Delphi对整个焙烧系统的物料平衡、能量平衡和尺寸设计进行了软件平台的开发工作,为设计人员提供了一个方便、快捷、清晰的计算机辅助设计平台,为焙烧炉的设计和开发工作提供了实用的可视化手段。     

1,25(OH)2D3-modulated calcium induced keratinocyte differentiation

The purpose of this study was to provide optometrists with suggested base curves and powers for initial lens choice based on the infant's age. A retrospective chart review of 16 congenital cataract patients fitted at U.C. Davis Eye Clinic between July 1987 and May 1993 was performed. Patients with associated ocular pathologies were excluded. All patients were fitted with a Bausch & Lomb Silsoft lens, a Silicone Elastomer, set at a 3.00 D myopic posture, which was decreased with the child's increasing age and activity. This study provides a graphical approach to pediatric aphakic silicone elastomer contact lens fitting. Best-fit regression lines for both graphs have an r squared value better than 0.9. Optometrists will now be able to reference the Base Curve vs. Age and Power vs. Age graphs to determine the initial lens choice when keratometry is unachievable. Furthermore, the data suggest a need for an increased range of powers provided by the Silicone elastomer lens in order to approximate normal visual development.