抗虫耐除草剂玉米DBN9936×DBN9501和亲本玉米DBN318的营养成分和抗营养成分的比较研究

目的：分析比较3个不同产地抗虫耐除草剂玉米DBN9936×DBN9501和亲本玉米DBN318的营养成分和抗营养成分。方法：对3个产地抗虫耐除草剂玉米DBN9936×DBN9501和亲本玉米DBN318的营养成分(水分、灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、粗纤维、能量、脂肪酸、矿物质、维生素、氨基酸)和抗营养成分(植酸、棉子糖)进行检测和分析。结果：2018北京产转基因玉米泛酸、锌、硒、硬酯酸含量高于亲本玉米；2017北京产转基因玉米磷、钙、铜、铁、锰、锌、硒含量高于亲本玉米，棕榈油酸含量低于亲本玉米；2018三亚产转基因玉米泛酸、铁含量高于亲本玉米，珠光脂酸、精氨酸含量低于亲本玉米。但上述各营养素含量差异为个别产地、个别营养成分转基因玉米与亲本玉米营养成分的差异，3个产地营养素含量差异无一致性规律。另外，上述营养素含量基本在OECD或ILSI给出的参考范围内，因此认为上述差异属于自然波动。其余各营养成分转基因玉米和亲本玉米相比均无显著性差异。抗营养成分检测结果显示，2017北京产转基因玉米的植酸含量高于亲本玉米，2017北京产和2018三亚产转基因玉米的棉子糖含量低于亲本玉米，但3个产地...     

耐除草剂转基因大豆ZH10-6和亲本大豆中黄10的营养成分比较

目的:比较北京、石家庄、三亚三个产地的耐除草剂转基因大豆ZH10-6和亲本大豆中黄10的营养成分。方法:对三产地耐除草剂转基因大豆ZH10-6和亲本大豆中黄10的营养成分:水分、灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、脂肪酸等进行检测和分析。结果:三产地转基因大豆的钙、钾、叶酸含量高于亲本大豆,但均在ILSI推荐的参考范围内;个别产地、个别营养成分转基因大豆与亲本大豆营养成分存在差异,但属于自然变异;其余各营养成分转基因大豆和亲本大豆之间均无显著性差异。结论:耐除草剂转基因大豆ZH10-6和亲本大豆中黄10在营养成分上具有实质等同性。     

转AO基因高植酸酶玉米营养学评价分析

目的:评价转AO基因高植酸酶玉米的主要营养学价值。方法:以国标法测定转基因玉米及其亲本的主要营养成分。选择断乳SD大鼠100只随机分为5组,饲养28d。对5组大鼠饲养前、后主要营养学指标、血液和生化学指标,以及蛋白质功效比值(PER)进行比较。结果:转AO基因高植酸酶玉米与非转基因对照玉米在主要营养成分方面均有相似性。各试验组大鼠的平均增重和平均日增重量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且A组的平均增重亦显著高于B组(P0.05)。雄性试验组和雌性A、B组的WBC计数显著低于对照组(P0.05),雄性B、D组的AST,以及A组的CRE均显著高于对照组(P0.05),雄性C组的AST显著低于D组(P0.05)。所有试验组的PER均显著低于对照组(P0.05),转基因玉米与对照玉米在PER和校正PER方面均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:转AO基因高植酸酶玉米在蛋白质营养价值方面与非转基因玉米具有实质等同性,从营养学角度分析该类型玉米是安全的。     

Bt-799玉米对Wistar大鼠食用安全性评价研究

目的：用Bt-799玉米饲喂Wistar大鼠14w,观察其对大鼠的亚慢性毒性作用,对Bt-799玉米的食用安全性做出初步评价。方法：100只刚断乳Wistar大鼠按性别和体重分为5组：空白对照组（BC）、Bt-799玉米低（TL）、中（TM）、高（TH）剂量组和亲本非转基因玉米＂郑58＂组（N）。空白对照组给予标准AIN-93G配方饲料,后四组饲料相应玉米添加量分别为9.41%、28.23%、84.68%、84.68%,各营养成分依据AIN-93G配方补齐。各组动物分别饲喂相应饲料14w,每天观察一般情况,每周记录体重、进食量、食物利用率,实验结束时检测血常规、血生化,计算脏器系数并进行组织病理学检查。结果：体重、进食量、血常规、血生化、脏体比等指标均有项目检测出统计学差异,但由于未出现剂量-反应关系、相关病理学检测未发现有意义的病理改变等原因,认为这些差异不具有生物学意义,与转基因操作无关。结论：Bt-799玉米对Wistar大鼠生长发育无明显不良影响,Bt-799玉米与亲本＂郑58＂玉米对Wistar大鼠具有同等的食用安全性。     

转基因玉米品系及转化体成分四重实时荧光PCR快速鉴定

Bt11转基因玉米品系具有抗草铵膦除草剂,鳞翅目昆虫抗性的耐除草剂抗虫玉米,MIR162和Mon89034是鳞翅目昆虫抗性的单抗虫玉米,均是国内外出入境监管主要关注的转基因玉米品系。本研究通过靶标基因筛选,转基因阳性样品采集,核酸样本制备,多重引物和荧光探针组合筛选,反应体系优化以及方法学验证等过程开发建立了四重荧光定量PCR检测技术。结果表明该技术的使用可实现一个反应管中同时检测MIR162、Bt11、Mon89034三个玉米品系的特异性基因序列和一个编码玉米淀粉合成酶异构体zSTSII-2 (zSSIIb) 玉米内源基因。通过阳性对照,阴性对照和空白对照特异性S曲线与对应的阈值大小分析可判定样品中是否含有这三个转基因玉米品系及其转化体成分。经方法学特异性检测,结果与转基因检测金标准的单实时荧光PCR结果一致;经平行样和灵敏度测试,最低检测限为18个拷贝;经标准曲线扩增分析,四个基因的扩增效率均在90%~110%范围内,扩增效果良好。该方法从DNA提取到报告结果不足3小时,可缩短检测时限,节约试剂耗材成本,操作简单易行,满足高通量特征,可为市场流通产品品系和转基因成分的实时监管和快速鉴定提供技术支撑。     

转基因玉米59122品系的特异性检测

使用反向聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术克隆了转基因玉米59122的外源基因与玉米基因组之间的两段侧翼序列,并据其左侧侧翼序列设计了具品系特异性的引物,运用半巢式PCR技术建立了59122的品系特异性二重PCR检测方法,扩增片段100bp,横跨pat终止子与转基因玉米侧翼基因之间。以转基因玉米59122、MON863、MON810、GA21、NK603,转基因大豆Roundup Ready和转基因油菜GT73等为材料,证明本方法与其他转基因作物具有高特异性。本方法在检测59122时,确定出连接体系中线性DNA的最佳质量浓度为1ng/μL左右,检出限达到0.1%,灵敏度为38个单倍体基因组拷贝数。因此可准确、快速、高效地检测转基因玉米及其产品,或作为常规PCR定性检测后的验证方法。     

农业部:国产转基因水稻玉米暂不存在

日前,农业部科教司副司长石燕泉在做客中国网《中国访谈》时表示,目前市面上不存在国产的转基因水稻和玉米。石燕泉称,我国批准的转基因产品有两种情况,一种是用于商业化生产的转基因食用农作物,到目前为止已经先后批准了抗病毒的甜椒,耐储藏的番茄,抗病毒的番木瓜3种。2009年批准了转基因抗虫水稻和转植酸     

中国转植酸酶基因玉米饲料等待上市

<正>由中国农科院生物技术所研发的一种转基因玉米饲料,已基本完成产业化前期的准备工作。转植酸酶基因玉米饲料,可能先于其他转基因水稻候选品种,在中国获得上市批准。目前,转基因玉米领域的先行者是美国。不过,1980年代后期,中国科学家也开始了转基因玉米研究。中国正在研究的转基因玉米,包括具有抗虫、抗除草剂、品质改良、抗逆等性状的品种。     

喷施草甘膦对转基因大豆产量构成和抗性遗传的影响

为研究喷施草甘膦对转基因大豆产量构成和抗性遗传的影响,并对转基因大豆田间实际除草中草甘膦的合理施用提供数据支持,本研究选择抗草甘膦转基因大豆GTS 40-3-2,采用田间随机区组的设计方法,在大豆生长的V2期茎叶喷施一定浓度梯度的41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂,调查成熟期大豆的产量构成及成熟籽粒中转基因成分的相对含量,子代大豆于第二年种植,茎叶喷施相同浓度梯度草甘膦后进行抗性观测和产量统计。结果发现,1.12-12.30 kg（ai）·hm^-2的草甘膦水剂均能有效控制杂草,但喷施7.38-12.30 kg（ai）·hm^-2的草甘膦会显著抑制GTS 40-3-2及其子代大豆成熟期的单株粒数和单株产量。草甘膦喷施对GTS 40-3-2成熟籽粒中外源基因的相对含量没有显著影响,子代大豆与亲本具有相同的草甘膦抗性。表明1.23-4.92 kg（ai）·hm^-2的草甘膦可在转基因大豆生长的V2期安全使用,不会造成大豆的减产;喷施草甘膦超过7.38 kg（ai）·hm^-2,一定程度上损伤大豆的结粒水平,但籽粒质量不受影响;草甘膦喷施对转基因大豆的抗性遗传没有显著影响,大豆自交子代田间栽培时,可选择草甘膦进行杂草控制,但浓度仍需在推荐剂量范围内。     

法权威机构否定转基因玉米致癌论

新华社巴黎10月22日电法国生物技术最高委员会和国家卫生安全署22日先后否定了关于美国孟山都公司NK603转基因玉米致癌的研究结论,同时建议对转基因作物的长期影响进行研究。这两家机构均表示,此前法国卡昂大学研究者质疑转基因玉米安全的研究存在诸多不足,其报告中陈述的实验结果和分析不足以支持喂食NK603转基因玉米会毒害实验对象的结论,无法推翻"这种玉米无害"的早先评估结果。与此同时,这两家机构建议对转基因作物进行长期     

Nutritional assessment of transgenic lysine‐rich maize compared with conventional quality protein maize

BACKGROUND: The gene sb401 encoding a lysine‐rich protein has been successfully integrated into the genome of maize (Zea mays), its expression showing as increased levels of lysine and total protein in maize seeds. As part of a nutritional assessment of transgenic maize, nutritional composition, especially unintended changes in key nutrients such as proximates, amino acids, minerals and vitamins as well as in antinutrient (phytate phosphorus), and protein nutritional quality were compared between transgenic maize (inbred line 642 and hybrid line Y642) and conventional quality protein maize (QPM) Nongda 108. RESULTS: The contents of total protein, lysine, some other amino acids, several minerals and vitamin B₂ in transgenic inbred line 642 and hybrid line Y642 were significantly higher than those in conventional QPM. Water‐soluble protein and G2‐glutelin were significantly promoted in transgenic maize Y642. CONCLUSION: Insertion of the lysine‐rich sb401 gene increased the total protein and lysine content of transgenic maize varieties, leading to an improved amino acid score and therefore an improvement in the nutritive value of maize. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparative evaluation of nutritional compositions between transgenic rice harboring the <Emphasis Type="Italic">CaMsrB2</Emphasis> gene and the conventional counterpart

As a part of a safety assessment of new transgenic crops, compositional equivalence studies between transgenic crops with non-transgenic comparators are almost universally required. This study was conducted to compare nutritional profiles of proximate composition, and fatty acid, amino acid, mineral, and vitamin contents, and anti-nutrients, between transgenic drought-tolerant Agb0103 rice harboring the pepper methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 gene CaMsrB2 and the parental rice cultivar, ‘Ilmi’ as a non-transgenic control. Both transgenic and non-transgenic rice were grown and harvested in 2 different locations. Proximate compositions of moisture, starch, protein, lipid, and ash content of Agb0103 rice were similar to parental non-transgenic rice. There were no differences between transgenic and non-transgenic rice with respect to the whole nutritional composition, except for minor locality differences for a few nutritional components. Agb0103 rice with improved resistance to drought is nutritionally equivalent to the parental rice cultivar.     

Artificial neural networks: a novel tool for detecting GMO

Introduction of artificial neural network (ANN) into the field of GMO detection is the aim of this investigation. The usefulness of ANN to predict transgenic maize (Bt-176) based on chemical composition of the extracted crude oil was evaluated. The training set, comprised of a composition of major and minor lipid components as inputs and outputs. Crude oil extracted from the genetically modified maize (Bt-176) and non-transgenic maize was characterized in terms of its fatty acids, phytosterols and tocopherols distribution as well as of its lipid classes and unsaponifiables amounts. The results obtained from lipid distribution analysis showed that the grains of Bt-176 maize were comparable in their composition to that of the control maize. The analytical data have been elaborated by supervised pattern recognition technique ANN in order to classify genetically modified maize (Bt-176) and conventional maize as well as to authenticate the origin of the samples.     

Artificial neural networks: a novel tool for detecting GMO

Introduction of artificial neural network (ANN) into the field of GMO detection is the aim of this investigation. The usefulness of ANN to predict transgenic maize (Bt-176) based on chemical composition of the extracted crude oil was evaluated. The training set, comprised of a composition of major and minor lipid components as inputs and outputs. Crude oil extracted from the genetically modified maize (Bt-176) and non-transgenic maize was characterized in terms of its fatty acids, phytosterols and tocopherols distribution as well as of its lipid classes and unsaponifiables amounts. The results obtained from lipid distribution analysis showed that the grains of Bt-176 maize were comparable in their composition to that of the control maize. The analytical data have been elaborated by supervised pattern recognition technique ANN in order to classify genetically modified maize (Bt-176) and conventional maize as well as to authenticate the origin of the samples.     

Comparison of nutritional quality between Chinese indica rice with sck and cry1Ac genes and its nontransgenic counterpart

ABSTRACT:  Nutritional assessment of transgenic crops used for human food and animal feed is an important aspect of safety evaluations. An insect-resistant rice (IRR) was generated by the stable insertion of sck , a modified cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene, and cry1Ac , encoding a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis into the genome of a common variety of Chinese indica rice. The composition of the brown and milled rice grain from the resulted IRR line designated Liangyou Kefeng No. 6 was compared with that of the parental rice cultivar Liangyou 2186. Nutrients, including the proximates, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins, were measured. The antinutritive components such as phytic acid, lectin, and trypsin inhibitors were also examined. The data demonstrated that the nutritional quality of both the brown and milled rice grains from the transgenic line was substantially equivalent to that of the nontransgenic counterpart, and measured amounts of nutritional components fell within the range of values reported for other commercial lines.     

Improved methodology for the characterisation of transgenic Bt-11 maize cultivars using RP-HPLC profiles of albumin,globulin, prolamin,and glutelin protein fractions and chemometric analysis

A clear differentiation between Bt-11 transgenic and isogenic non-transgenic maize cultivars has successfully achieved analysing the perfusion and monolithic RP-HPLC profiles of the albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin maize fractions together with a discriminant analysis. Significant differences between transgenic and isogenic non-transgenic cultivars were observed in the chromatograms obtained from any of the four protein fractions. The application of linear discriminant analysis to the area percentages corresponding to every peak detected in every protein fraction was successfully employed for the classification of transgenic Bt maize lines obtaining a global percentage of correct classification of 100%. For perfusion RP-HPLC, the variables with more discriminant power and prediction capability were the following peaks: peaks 1 and 3 for albumins, peak 2 for globulins, peaks 3 and 6 for prolamins, and peaks 7 and 8 for glutelins. In the case of monolithic RP-HPLC, the variables were peaks 2 and 3 for albumins, peak 5 for globulins, peaks 5, 6, and 7 of prolamins, and peak 10 for glutelins.     

Absence of Effect after Introducing Bacillus thuringiensis Gene on Nutritional Composition in Cottonseed

ABSTRACT To assess the effect of nutritional composition of cottonseed after introducing Bacillus thuringiensis gene, compositional analyses of Bollgard II cotton event 15985, DPH37B, and 5415 were carried out. Cotton DPH37B contains cry1Ac gene, and Bollgard II 15985 contains cry2Ab and cry1Ac genes. Cotton 5415 was a control. Crude protein, crude fiber, fat, moisture, ash, amino acids level, and selected minerals were measured by chemical analysis. Anti‐nutrients including free gossypol, total gossypol, and tannin were also measured. The results showed that the compositional components of the transgenic cottonseed were comparable to those of the nontransgenic cottonseed. The results of numerous qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed that the transgenic cottonseed was compositionally equivalent to the conventional counterpart.     

Nixtamalised flour and tortillas from transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) expressing amarantin: Technological and nutritional properties

Nixtamalised flour from transgenic maize (genetically modified maize with the cDNA of amarantin) and its tortillas were evaluated for some technological and nutritional properties and compared to the commercial brand MASECA^™. Nixtamalised transgenic maize flour (NTMF) showed higher protein content, total colour difference, pH, water solubility index, essential amino acids content and lower Hunter “L” value, water absorption index, resistant starch and retrograded resistant starch than MASECA^™ flour. Tortillas from NTMF had higher protein content (12.64% vs 8.93%, db), essential amino acids content and calculated protein efficiency ratio (C-PER; 2.05 vs 1.04) than tortillas from MASECA^™. Tortillas from both nixtamalised transgenic maize and MASECA^™ flours showed similar sensory properties (puffing and acceptability). The use of transgenic maize for flour and tortilla preparation may have a positive impact on the nutritional status of people from countries where maize is the basic staple food.     

Safety assessment of genetically engineered potatoes with designed soybean glycinin: compositional analyses of the potato tubers and digestibility of the newly expressed protein in transgenic potatoes

The compositions of transgenic potatoes with intact and modified genes for soybean glycinin were compared with those of control potatoes; non-transgenic or transgenic ones with a vector. The expression levels of glycinin proteins in the transgenic potato tubers were approximately 12–31 mg g⁻¹-total soluble protein. With reference to six major components, moisture, protein, lipid, fiber, ash and carbohydrate, there were no significant differences between transgenic and control potatoes. The levels of glycoalkaloids in transgenic potato tubers, as well as in transgenic controls, increased in comparison with those in non-transgenic ones, though the level was within the permitted limit. The modified glycinin expressed in the transgenic potato tuber was digested under the simulated gastric conditions. From these results, the transgenic potatoes with intact and modified glycinin genes are considered to be as safety utilization for food as non-transgenic potatoes. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Analysis of the composition and concentration of fatty acids in transgenic soybean (cp4-epsps1) oil

The transgenic and non-transgenic soybean seeds oils were extracted and the composition and concentration of the fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Sixteen different fatty acids were detected in both transgenic and non-transgenic soybean oil: C14:0, C16:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, C20:1, C20:2, C22:0, C20:5, C22:1, C24:0 and C22:6. The concentration of 12 of 16 fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:0, C20:1, C20:2, C22:0, C20:5, C22:1, C24:0 and C22:6) in transgenic soybean oil were higher than those in non-transgenic one (P < 0.05). The concentration of C17:0 and C18:3 were lower than those in non-transgenic one (P < 0.05). The total fatty acids concentration increases by 12.6 % (P < 0.01). The degree of saturation of transgenic soybean oil increased from 58.7 to 69.8 % (P < 0.01). All the data above show that the insertion of foreign genes can change the concentration of fatty acids in plant oil. The mechanism for these changes should be studied.