营养型桑葚酒加工工艺的研究

以新鲜桑葚果实为原料,果肉破碎加入0.04%果胶酶取汁后,加入适量蜂蜜并接入法国KD活性干酵母0.3g/L,18℃~20℃下发酵12d后,陈酿3~4个月,经澄清等工艺处理,可得到含糖量高,酒精度较低,口味酸甜适宜的营养型桑葚酒。     

桑葚酒的酿制工艺

桑葚含水分84.71％、粗蛋白0．36％、转化糖9．16％、灰分0．66％、粗纤雏0．91％、苹果酸、雏生素B1、雏生素B2、核黄素、胡萝卜素等。桑葚酒酿制工艺中添加1％～3％的Y-ADY发酵，20～25mg／kg的K2S2O5抗氧化，0．19％～0．5％的皂土澄清处理，68～72℃水浴杀茵15～20min，成品酒口味酸甜适宜、口味纯正，果香、酒香协调。     

木糖醇对桑葚果酒发酵影响及其应对措施

利用含有木糖醇的桑葚汁进行发酵,木糖醇不易从桑葚汁中去除,利用分子筛理论上可以过滤掉,但可能会对桑葚酒营养成分有所破坏。因此,处理含有木糖醇的桑葚汁最好是多次加蔗糖发酵制成甜型女士酒。     

三种酵母发酵桑葚果酒的理化性状和感官质量分析

发酵产物的品质在很大程度上和所用酵母的性能有关,以烟台牟平大食桑葚鲜果为原料,用三种不同的酿酒酵母在18℃～20℃条件下进行发酵实验并对发酵中的关键因素进行控制,获得桑葚原酒,通过对桑葚酒理化指标、多酚物质含量及感官分析,实现优良酵母的筛选.结果表明:CECA菌种的产酒精能力、发酵速度、感官品评都优于ES488菌种、红...     

外源添加单一氨基酸对桑葚酒风味品质的影响

为探究外源添加氨基酸在改善桑葚酒风味品质中的影响,在桑葚果汁中分别添加400 mg/L的异亮氨酸（Ile）、亮氨酸（Leu）、苯丙氨酸（Phe）和缬氨酸（Val）制备桑葚酒,并分析桑葚酒理化指标、挥发性风味物质和感官品质。结果表明,与对照相比,外源添加单一氨基酸可显著增加桑葚酒的挥发性风味物质含量（42.38～84.58 mg/L）（P＜0.05）,添加Ile显著增加活性戊醇、乙酸活性戊酯含量,添加Leu显著增加异戊醇、乙酸异戊酯含量,添加Phe显著增加苯乙醇和乙酸苯乙酯的含量,添加Val显著增加异丁醇和乙酸异丁酯含量,添加四种氨基酸都能增加辛酸乙酯的含量（P＞0.05）;添加Phe可提高桑葚酒花香,添加Ile、Leu或Val提高果香,添加四种氨基酸的桑葚酒的口感评分均显著提高（P＜0.05）。     

桑葚酒不同发酵阶段品质及抗氧化物质的变化

以桑葚果实为原料,通过测定不同发酵阶段酒液的品质和抗氧化物质指标,分析桑葚酒发酵过程中的物质变化规律。结果表明:主发酵期,酵母活细胞数量、酒精度逐渐增大,糖度、p H和色度、色调逐渐减小,而总酚、总花色苷和抗氧化活性呈先增加后减小;后发酵期,品质指标趋于稳定,总酚和总花色苷含量逐渐减小,而抗氧化能力逐渐增大。说明在发酵过程中,缩短发酵时间有利于酚类物质的保留,延长发酵有利于提高酒液的抗氧化能力,发酵34d时,桑葚酒的抗氧化活力最高。     

红曲桑葚酒的研制与品质评价

本试验以桑葚果为主要原料,采用酵母菌和红曲霉混合发酵技术,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化红曲桑葚酒发酵条件,其最佳发酵条件为初始糖度19%,发酵温度24 ℃,酵母菌接种量1.0%,红曲霉接种量6.0%。此发酵条件下的红曲桑葚酒,酒精度为12.1%vol,酒体为紫红色,透亮清澈,有独特的酯香,口感细腻、醇和。     

不同处理方式对桑葚酒澄清效果的影响

采用低温、离心、澄清剂3种澄清方式对桑葚酒进行澄清处理,检测其透光率、色度和理化指标,并进行比较。结果表明,澄清剂澄清对桑葚酒透光率和色度影响较大,其中壳聚糖和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPP)澄清效果最为理想,壳聚糖最佳添加量为0.08 g/L,透光率为85.6%;PVPP最佳添加量为1.2 g/L,透光率为85.2%。     

降酸方法对3种果酒降酸效果的比较

通过对葡萄酒、桑葚酒、树莓酒进行微生物降酸、化学降酸、物理降酸,并监测这3种果酒在降酸后的一定时间内的变化,包括pH、酸度、苹果酸和乳酸的相对含量,比较3种降酸方法对不同种类果酒的效果差异。结果显示:不同降酸方法对不同果酒产生的效果不同; 3种果酒中,化学降酸在升高pH和降低酸度方面效果最好,微生物降酸在调整苹果酸和乳酸的比例上效果最好,物理降酸引起的各个变化均不明显。通过不同降酸方法对3种果酒降酸效果的比较,以期找出不同种类果酒最优的降酸方法。     

不同冷浸渍时间对桑葚酒色泽品质的影响

为探究冷浸渍工艺对桑葚酒色泽品质的影响,以大十桑葚为原料,分析了发酵前不同冷浸渍时间处理对所得桑葚酒理化成分、酚类物质含量和色泽参数的影响。结果表明:发酵前冷浸渍处理对所得桑葚酒总糖、总酸含量和酒精度等理化指标均有显著影响,其中挥发酸含量随冷浸渍时间的延长而升高,且与对照组相比差异显著;总酚、总花色苷含量和色度值也随浸渍时间的延长先升高(P0.05)后趋于稳定,分别在浸渍3 d和5 d时达到最大值;CIELab参数分析表明,冷浸渍处理可增加桑葚酒红色色调(P0.05),且在第5 d时色泽饱和度最大,呈深紫红色,色板图分析亦证明了此结果。研究结果可为桑葚酒酿造及色泽品质改良与调控提供依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the