Cu-Zn-Al-Li催化生物质合成气合成甲醇

在模拟生物质合成气气氛(CO/H2/CO2/N2=22/47/27/4, 体积比)下对Cu-Zn催化生物质合成气合成甲醇进行活性评价,发现Cu-Zn催化剂合成甲醇活性随反应时间单调下降,40 h后Cu-Zn催化剂活性比初始活性下降15%,添加Al能提高Cu-Zn催化剂的稳定性,添加Al后的Cu-Zn-Al及Cu-Zn-Al-Li催化剂40 h内合成甲醇的活性均未见明显下降. SEM和XRD表征研究发现,添加Li助剂有助于分散Cu活性组分,从而提高催化剂活性. 不同压力、空速及气体成分下,CO转化率均远高于CO2转化率,CO是生物质合成气合成甲醇的主要C来源.     

含水滑石铜锌铝催化剂上CO_2加氢制甲醇研究

采用沉淀法制备了不同锌铝水滑石含量的铜锌铝催化剂(HCZA)。剖析了锌铝载体以及催化剂的结构;考察了催化剂在CO2加氢制甲醇反应中的催化性能以及优选催化剂的催化稳定性。结果表明:制得的锌铝载体具有锌铝水滑石结构,HCZA中含有锌铝水滑石相;在CO2加氢制甲醇反应中,HCZA较传统甲醇合成催化剂CZA的性能高,当反应原料气组成为V(CO2)∶V(H2)∶V(N2)=23∶69∶8,空速为3 600 h-1,反应温度为240℃,压力为5 MPa时,在优选催化剂HCZA3上,CO2转化率和甲醇选择性较在CZA上分别提高65.3%和7.4%,粗醇中的乙醇质量分数较在CZA上低58.9%;在1 000 h连续考察中,催化剂性能稳定。同时,提出了HCZA上CO2加氢制甲醇可能的催化反应机理。     

助剂对微波辐射制备浆态床合成甲醇铜基催化剂性能影响

采用并流共沉淀法,在微波辐射老化的条件下,制备了CuO/ZnO/Al2O3/X（X=ZrO2,Fe2O3,MnO2）四元铜基合成甲醇催化剂,考察了第四组分元素对催化剂前驱体物相组成及浆态床合成甲醇性能的影响。通过XRD,TG,EDS等对催化剂及其前驱体的微观结构进行了表征。结果发现,助剂Zr、Fe、Mn的加入均不同程度的促进了Cu,Zn组分间的相互作用,有利于活性物相绿铜锌矿及锌孔雀石的生成。与CuO/ZnO/Al2O3三元催化剂相比,助剂ZrO2、Fe2O3、MnO2的加入均提高了催化剂合成甲醇的活性。其中ZrO2对铜基催化剂活性影响较大,CO转化率从43.51%提高到了59.18%,提高了36%;甲醇时空收率从256.9 mg/（gcat·h）提高到了372.8 mg/（gcat·h）,提高了45%。     

浆态床中合成二甲醚的研究

考察了浆态床中3种甲醇合成催化剂反应行为,考察了温度、压力、催化剂比例和种类对二甲醚合成的影响.结果表明,低压下甲醇合成催化剂中C30l活性最好,温度降低和压力升高有利于甲醇的合成.二甲醚合成中,不同脱水催化剂反应性能不同.在考察范围内,温度升高,CO转化率变化不大,二甲醚的选择性增加;压力升高,CO转化率和二甲醚选择性都随之升高;两种催化剂(C301Hβ)的质量比为41时,CO转化率和二甲醚选择性最高.     

铜基甲醇合成催化剂前驱体对催化剂性能影响的研究

采用并流共沉淀法制备铜基甲醇合成催化剂,研究了不同前驱体作原料对所制备的Cu／ZnO／Al2O3甲醇合成催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,铜和锌都以醋酸盐代替硝酸盐制备的催化剂活性得到提高,单独以醋酸盐代替硝酸盐制备催化剂活性还不如全部以硝酸盐制备催化剂活性高。催化剂TPR研究表明,不同前驱体的催化剂的还原存在一定差异。XRD结果表明铜和锌都以醋酸盐代替硝酸盐制备的催化剂中CuO和ZnO的分散．铜锌间作用增强。     

催化剂Au/NiO/TiO2对富氢中CO催化活性研究

以纳米TiO2做载体用共沉淀法负载不同含量Au和NiO的催化剂,研究了在不同条件下制备的催化剂对富氢气体中CO催化转的转化率与选择性,并表征了合成的催化剂,对催化剂进行了活性评价.结果表明加入NiO有助于催化剂活性的提高,当催化剂的组成为Au(2%)/NiO(5%)/TiO2时,反应溶液pH值在9～11,催化剂的评价温度在30℃催化剂对CO的转化率与选择性最高.     

合成气一步法制二甲醚工艺条件研究

研究了三相床反应器中合成气一步法制二甲醚的工艺条件,催化剂是由甲醇合成催化剂与甲醇脱水催化剂均匀混合组成的双功能催化剂.在温度220～265℃、压力4～5MPa、空速1～2 L/(g·h)的条件下,分别考察了温度、压力和空速对二甲醚合成反应中CO转化率及二甲醚选择性的影响.结果表明,在上述各因素相应的范围内,,随着反应温度的升高,CO转化率、DME选择性逐渐增加;随着压力的升高,CO转化率、DME选择性逐渐增加;CO转化率、DME选择性随空速的提高而逐渐减小.与固定床实验结果相比,三相床反应器中CO转化率略低于固定床反应器.     

膨润土负载型低铜含量甲醇制氢催化剂的制备及其性能

以膨润土为载体,采用浸渍法制备了低铜含量负载型CuO/膨润土催化剂,考察了铜含量对催化剂物化性能和甲醇制氢反应性能的影响.结果表明,铜含量对催化性能有显著影响,随铜含量的增加,甲醇转化率和CO选择性均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,在铜含量为13.8wt％时,甲醇转化率为84.7％,一氧化碳选择性为92.5％.CuO/膨润土...     

Mn/MgO催化剂上乙腈和甲醇选择性合成丙烯腈的研究

采用浸渍法制备了Mn/MgO催化剂,考察了催化剂的活性组分含量及反应温度等因素对乙腈和甲醇选择性合成丙烯腈的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD和CO2-TPD表征。结果表明,随着Mn的加入,催化剂的性能有很大提高,当m(Mn)∶m(MgO)=5∶100时,乙腈转化率达到最高;420℃反应时,催化剂具有较好的反应性能,乙腈转化率为40 5%,丙烯腈选择性达86 3%。CO2-TPD研究发现,Mn/MgO催化剂表面强碱中心数目越多,越有利于乙腈和甲醇选择性合成丙烯腈反应。     

不同加料方式对完全液相法制CuZnAl浆状催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用完全液相法,以拟薄水铝石为铝源,选择不同加料方式制备了CuZnAl浆状催化剂,并采用X射线粉末衍射、氮吸附、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温还原对其进行了表征,考察了CuZnAl浆状催化剂在合成气制取甲醇、二甲醚反应中的催化性能.结果表明,不同加料方式对催化剂性能有显著的影响,其中采用铜与锌同时加入的方式制备的催化剂相结构稳定,比表面积较大,催化剂表面元素铜含量高,可还原铜量多,且还原温度低,从而提高了催化剂的CO转化率和醇醚总选择性.     

High-temperature attrition of sorbents and a catalyst for sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming in a fluidized bed environment

Mechanical degradation of the solid particles used in sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) was investigated in a gas jet attrition apparatus. The performance of a dolomite, a limestone and a commercial reforming catalyst were compared based on the air jet attrition index (AJI). The dolomite showed the poorest resistance to attrition, likely due to the extra pore volume caused by calcination of MgCO₃. The degree of loss of fines from the catalyst was significant, pointing to the need to develop catalysts suited to fluidized bed operation. Co-fluidization of the harder catalyst and the dolomite did not lead to additional attrition of the dolomite.     

Development of Fe Fischer–Tropsch catalysts for slurry bubble column reactors

The effect of two binder systems — a silica-based system and a silica–kaolin–clay–phosphate-based system — on a doubly promoted Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis iron catalyst (100Fe/5Cu/4.2K) was studied. The catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation, followed by binder addition and spray drying at 270°C in a 1 m diameter, 2 m tall spray dryer. The binder silica content was varied from 0 to 20 wt.%. A catalyst with 12 wt.% binder silica was found to have the highest attrition resistance. The FT activity and selectivity of this catalyst are better than a Ruhrchemie catalyst at 270°C and 1.48 MPa. The addition of precipitated silica or kaolin to catalysts containing 10–12 wt.% binder silica decreases attrition resistance and increases methane selectivity. Based on the experience gained, a catalyst has been successfully spray dried in 500 g quantity. This catalyst showed 95% CO conversion over 125 h of testing at 270°C, 1.48 MPa, and 2 NL/g-cat/h and had less than 4% methane selectivity. Its attrition resistance was one of the highest among the catalysts tested.     

新型焦炉气甲烷化催化剂的性能研究

针对传统甲烷化催化剂在水煤气或焦炉煤气等高碳含量原料气甲烷化过程中耐热性和抗积炭性差等缺点,开发出适用于焦炉气、水煤气甲烷化制合成天然气（SNG）的新型W907甲烷化催化剂。考察了催化剂还原温度、反应压力、空速、反应温度及水气分压对反应活性的影响,同时对该催化剂进行了连续220 h稳定性考察。结果表明,催化剂在较宽的空...     

The effect of SiO_2 particle size on iron based F–T synthesis catalysts

The effect of particle size of silica, as catalyst binder, on the chemical and mechanical properties of iron based FT catalyst was studied in this work. The samples were characterized using XRD, BET, TEM, FT-IR, and H2-TPR, respectively. The attrition resistance and the FT activity were tested. Si-8–Si-15 catalysts prepared with 8–15 nm silica sol show good attrition resistance(attrition loss b 4%), especially Si-13 with an attrition loss of 1.89%. Hematite appeared in XRD patterns when silica sol above 15 nm is used. TEM micrographs show that no obvious Si O_2 particles appear when silica sol particle with size less than 8 nm was used, but Si O_2 particles coated with small ferrihydrite particles appear when silica sol above 8 nm was used. Si–O–Si vibration peak in FT-IR spectra increases with increasing silica sol size. Samples prepared with silica sol show good stability of FT reactions, and the average molecular weight of FT products increases with the increase of Si O_2 particle.     

Attrition resistance of spray-dried iron F–T catalysts: Effect of activation conditions

The focus of the research reported herein was to investigate the effects of phase changes, as occur during Fe catalyst activation and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, on Fe catalyst attrition resistance. Different activation conditions (CO, H₂ or syngas) were applied prior to attrition testing to a selected spray-dried Fe catalyst containing 9.1 wt.% binder SiO₂, which had been shown to have the highest attrition resistance in our early study of calcined catalysts. Although, XRD indicated that different Fe phase compositions resulted in the differently activated catalyst samples, chemical attrition was not observed for any of the samples. The BET surface areas of the activated samples were smaller than that of the calcined precursor but no significant changes in pore volume and particle size were found. The attrition resistances of the differently activated catalyst samples were found to be similar to that of the calcined catalyst for this spray-dried Fe catalyst. Attrition resistance was found previously to be governed by catalyst particle density, which has been shown earlier to relate to the SiO₂ network in catalysts. It is therefore suggested that the type and concentration of SiO₂ that is incorporated during the preparation of spray-dried Fe catalysts have a much more significant impact on catalyst attrition than Fe phase change during activation in the presence of CO, H₂ or H₂+CO.     

LIP系列多产异构烷烃FCC催化剂的工业应用

介绍了LIP系列多产异构烷烃催化剂的性能及工业应用情况。评价和工业应用试验表明，LIP系列催化剂活性稳定性高，耐磨性能好。由于增加了活性中心的可接近性，重油分子得以有效裂化，提高了目的产品收率，达到了增加重油转化和减少焦炭产率的目的，同时丙烯产率也明显增加。     

焦炉煤气甲烷化催化剂的性能研究

针对传统甲烷化催化剂在高碳原料气中耐热性和抗积碳性差的缺点,开发了适用于焦炉煤气甲烷化制SNG的新型甲烷化催化剂。考察了催化剂制备方法、助剂、氢碳比及反应温度对催化剂活性的影响,并对催化剂进行了500 h稳定性考察。结果表明,该催化剂具有优异的低温活性,添加助剂的催化剂具有良好的耐高温和抗积碳能力,在800℃氢气气氛40 h后,CO2转化率仍〉99.0%,说明催化剂具有稳定活性。     

MgO/ZrO_2的制备表征及催化合成碳酸二异辛酯

分别采用物理研磨、浸渍和共沉淀3种方法制备了负载型固体碱MgO/ZrO2催化剂,并将其用于催化碳酸二甲酯与异辛醇的酯交换反应合成碳酸二异辛酯。结果表明,催化剂的活性在焙烧温度为973 K时达到最佳,合成产物的收率分别为67.00%,51.00%,59.93%。催化剂的X射线衍射、CO2程序升温脱附、FTIR表征表明,催化剂的活性及稳定性取决于MgO/ZrO2的结构。四方氧化锆晶相对催化活性有积极的影响,当单斜氧化锆晶相明显时,催化活性显著下降。用物理研磨法制备的催化剂,由于MgO均匀分散于载体表面而使其显示高催化活性。用共沉淀法制备的催化剂,由于Mg2+进入Zr4+的晶格形成MgO/ZrO2固溶体结构,使其显示了高的稳定性和活性。     

火焰喷雾合成法制备La0.8Sr0.2Mn1-xCuxO3催化氧化CO性能研究

采用火焰喷雾合成法制备了Sr²⁺、Cu²⁺分别取代A、B位的La_0.8Sr_0.2Mn_1-xCu_xO₃ （x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4）钙钛矿催化剂,并用于CO催化氧化实验,研究了水蒸气和CO₂对催化剂CO氧化活性的影响。对不同取代量La_0.8Sr_0.2Mn_1-xCu_xO₃ 催化剂进行了XRD、SEM、EDS、BET、XPS、H₂-TPR和O₂-TPD等表征测试。结果表明,火焰喷雾合成法制备的钙钛矿催化剂具有良好的钙钛矿相、疏松多孔结构和催化氧化活性。其中,La_0.8Sr_0.2Mn_0.9Cu_0.1O₃分别在119.4℃和133.3℃实现50%和90%的CO转化率。掺杂水蒸气和CO₂会与CO在催化剂表面形成竞争吸附,导致5种催化剂性能衰减,但La_0.8Sr_0.2Mn_0.9Cu_0.1O₃仍能在150.2℃实现90%的CO催化转化,在连续稳定性催化氧化测试中,5种催化剂性能衰减不超过10%。结合上述CO催化氧化实验,火焰喷雾合成法制备的催化剂具有良好的稳定性和催化活性,适合制备高CO催化氧化活性的钙钛矿催化剂。