基于CA-LBM三维模型的硅小平面枝晶生长数值模拟

为了解析硅小平面枝晶生长机制,真实再现其生长过程,建立了三维的元胞自动机-格子Boltzmann方法(CA-LBM)耦合模型,通过元胞自动机计算硅枝晶的生长,通过格子Boltzmann方法计算硅晶体凝固过程的温度场,通过硅晶体生长过程中释放出的凝固潜热将二者耦合,并引入高各向异性函数,对硅三维小平面枝晶的生长进行了数值模拟。分析了界面能各向异性及初始过冷度对三维小平面硅枝晶形貌的影响。结果表明:三维硅小平面枝晶具有很强的各向异性,三维模型能更真实准确地模拟硅小平面枝晶的生长。     

温度梯度对聚乙烯耐慢速开裂性能的影响

通过调控温度梯度得到含取向球晶的聚乙烯(PE)试样,研究取向球晶结构对PE耐慢速开裂性能的影响。结果表明:在温度梯度作用下,PE球晶呈椭圆形,片晶沿温度梯度方向取向生长。当温度梯度下制备的试样受到轴向应力作用,取向晶片垂直于受力方向,易发生晶片层间破坏,导致其耐慢速裂纹开裂性能降低。随温度梯度增加,取向球晶增多,耐慢速开裂性能下降更明显。     

基于相场方法的铀枝晶生长电化学-流场耦合研究

铀枝晶生长是导致乏燃料后处理电解精炼装置发生意外短路的潜在威胁因素,同时会使铀产物夹杂大量熔盐,影响产物纯度。为了更好地理解铀枝晶生长的微观机理,掌握阴极沉积形貌的控制方法,基于相场方法建立了铀在阴极的电沉积模型,研究了铀枝晶的底部沉积宽度、主枝晶干高度和总沉积面积等形貌参数对流场速度变化的依赖规律。发现外加流场的引入会使铀枝晶的底部沉积宽度降低37.18%,主枝晶干高度降低30.5%,总沉积面积降低49.3%。说明外加流场可以抑制铀枝晶生长,改善铀沉积形貌,但同时也会使破碎的枝晶须重新溶解到熔盐体系中,降低铀电解精炼效率。另外,通过对流场与电解电压、初始浓度等沉积条件耦合影响下铀枝晶形貌特征相图的分析可知,在实际电解精炼过程中,应在保证电解精炼效率的基础上尽量选择高初始浓度和高电解电压的沉积条件,同时设置合理的流场速度以获得理想的铀枝晶沉积形貌。     

平行强磁场对电沉积镍-铁合金膜显微组织的影响(一)匀强磁场实验研究部分

在与电流平行的匀强磁场下电沉积制备镍-铁膜,并分析其显微组织。研究发现:匀强磁场可以细化树枝晶主轴,抑制粗大二次枝晶的生长,更强磁场(12 T)下主轴晶呈现出断裂趋势;强磁场使电沉积样品晶粒发生择优取向;磁致对流效应对镍-铁合金膜成分没有明显影响。     

大连化物所研制出长寿命锌基液流电池用复合离子传导膜

正锌基液流电池(ZFBs)储能技术因其具有成本低、安全性高、环境友好等特点,在分布式储能领域展现出良好的应用前景。但是,由于锌枝晶/锌累积的问题,该类电池的发展受到循环寿命差和充放电性能差的限制。离子传导膜可调控锌沉积形貌和抑制枝晶生长,在提高电池循环稳定性方面发挥了重要作用。前期,研究团队发现通过膜材料荷电特性可实现对锌沉积方向和形貌的调控,从而大幅度提高锌基液流电池的面容量和电池的循环稳定性。     

基于LBM-CA耦合模型的定向凝固多晶硅小平面枝晶生长数值模拟

为了更好的研究高各向异性小平面枝晶生长。提出了一种综合考虑动力学各向异性和界面能各向异性的小平面枝晶生长的格子Boltzmann方法-元胞自动机(LBM-CA)耦合模型,对硅小平面枝晶的生长过程及生长形状进行模拟;验证所采用的新动力学各向异性方程的正确性;研究了界面能各向异性、动力学各向异性和过冷度对小平面枝晶生长的影响。结果表明:小平面枝晶较非小平面枝晶表现出更强的各向异性;界面能各向异性系数的增大,小平面枝晶生长的各向异性显著增大,生长速率变化、部分取向缺失;过冷度的增大,硅晶体由小平面晶粒生长变为小平面枝晶,其各向异性也显著增强,取向缺失增加,棱角更加明显,二次枝晶臂生长速率加快;动力学各向异性增大,二次枝晶臂生长速率、长度和数量均有增加。     

锌离子电池负极锌枝晶抑制的研究进展

近些年来,因为含有水电解液的锌离子电池（ZIBs）具有高安全性、环境友好性、低成本和高能量密度等优点而受到研究人员越来越多的关注。然而,锌离子电池负极的不稳定性阻碍了ZIBs在实际应用中的可靠部署。主要针对ZIBs负极存在的锌枝晶问题,先简单介绍了ZIBs的基本知识以及锌枝晶的发展。然后介绍了锌枝晶的形成和生长机理,并对锌枝晶的抑制策略从锌负极、电解液和隔膜三个方面在近年来的研究进展进行了综述。最后对锌枝晶抑制的三个方面进行了总结,并对未来在ZIBs负极锌枝晶抑制方面的研究方向进行了展望。     

勾形磁场下重力水平和温度梯度对CdZnTe分离结晶生长的影响

为了了解勾形磁场下相关参数对CdZnTe晶体生长的影响,利用有限元法对坩埚内的热量和动量传递过程进行了全局数值模拟。分析了不同的磁场强度下重力水平、壁面温度梯度对CdZnTe晶体生长过程的影响。结果表明：重力水平存在1个临界值,此时CdZnTe熔体内最大流函数最小,流动最弱。随着温度梯度逐渐增大,熔体内最大流函数也逐渐增大,熔体的流动越来越强,不利于晶体稳定生长。通过施加勾形磁场,能有效抑制熔体内的流动,有利于晶体的稳定生长,为地面条件下制备大尺寸CdZnTe晶体创造了条件。     

喷射电沉积枝晶生长数值模拟及实验研究

介绍了喷射电沉积的基本原理,并根据喷射电沉积原理对凝聚扩散模型进行了改进,对电铸过程中的二维枝晶生长过程进行了数值模拟,并进行了实验验证.结果表明,利用改进的凝聚扩散模型模拟得到的粒子簇与实验获得的枝晶相似度较高,用该模型来说明枝晶的生长规律是真实的、可靠的.随着粒子相对运动速度的加快,得到的粒子簇的形貌由疏松分枝逐步发展为致密结构;在不同的粒子数目模拟枝晶图中表现出了明显的屏蔽效应;结合概率越小,粒子越容易进入内层生长点,使枝晶结构较致密;喷射高度对枝晶形貌的影响没有明显规律,波动性很强.     

6Bi_2O_3·SiO_2熔体析晶行为的实时观察

在6Bi2O3·Si O2熔体冷却过程中熔体表面会析出枝晶,其形貌呈现出高度有序的畴结构特征。原位实时观察了枝晶的生长发育过程,并分析总结了枝晶的结构、形貌特征及其在冷却过程中的生长规律。当6Bi2O3·Si O2熔体降温到1070℃时,熔体中部分区域会析出结晶性能较好的六方双锥形Si O2单晶颗粒,尺寸范围5~80μm。分析了6Bi2O3·Si O2熔体析晶机理。6Bi2O3·Si O2熔体冷却后进行线扫描,得出在所扫描区域上会出现偏析现象。采用红外光谱分析了不同温度下极冷熔体样品的微观结构,从而探讨了6Bi2O3·Si O2熔体分相的机理。熔体出现各向异性结构的原因可能由于熔体中的[Bi2O2]基元层、[Bi O6]基团和[Si O4]基团共同作用造成的。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。