水性光固化改性氯化聚丙烯的制备及性能

以丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)对氯化聚丙烯(CPP)进行溶液接枝改性。考察了AA与HEMA两种单体总用量(AA与HEMA两种单体质量之和占CPP质量的百分数,下同)及引发剂用量(即引发剂质量占CPP及单体总质量的百分数,下同)对接枝率的影响,得到了最佳AA与HEMA总用量为20%,最佳引发剂用量为3%,在该条件下接枝率达到8.81%。然后以甲基丙烯酰氯对接枝改性CPP进行光固活性成分改性,研究了不同AA用量的水性光固化改性CPP乳液性能、表面张力及附着力。结果表明,AA用量占AA和HEMA总质量20%~50%,均能形成乳液,乳液粒径随AA用量增多而减小;水性化改性产物经光固活性成分改性后,以及经光固活性成分改性后的产物光固化前后,表面性能良好,表面张力均在40 m N/m以上,附着力得到提高。该材料符合环保要求,具有良好的应用前景。     

HEMA接枝CPP的合成及其性能

以甲苯为溶剂,过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,采用甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)通过自由基聚合接枝氯化聚丙烯(CPP);考察了引发剂类型对接枝反应的影响;研究了反应时间、反应温度、BIN)用量、HEMA用量对接枝率及接枝CPP黏合性能的影响,并对接枝产物进行了傅里叶变换红外光谱分析。确定了较理想的工艺条件：反应温度为110℃．反应时间为5h,m(CPP)／m(HEMA)／m(BPO)为1．0：1．0：0．1。     

塑料涂料用马来酸酐接枝氯化聚丙烯的合成与性能

以甲苯为溶剂、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂、马来酸酐(MAH)为接枝单体,对氯化聚丙烯(CPP)进行接枝改性.考察了引发剂和接枝单体用量、反应温度、反应时间以及原料的含氯量对接枝率的影响,并对改性产物进行了傅立叶红外光谱表征.结果表明,氯化聚丙烯成功地接枝上马来酸酐,反应条件和原料的含氯量会影响接枝率,优化的工艺条件为:m(BPO)/m(CPP)=0.04,m(MAH)/m(CPP)=1.1,反应温度为100 ℃,反应时间为3 h.涂料性能测试结果说明,改性产物在部分酮酯类溶剂中的溶解性能优良,对多种塑料材料有良好的附着性能,而附着力的大小受到接枝率的直接影响.     

氯化聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝物的合成和性能研究

以甲基环己烷为溶剂、过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,加入马来酸酐(MAH)以及苯乙烯(St)对氯化聚丙烯(CPP)进行接枝改性。系统研究了单体MAH、St、过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)对MAH接枝率的影响,并对其影响因素进行了分析。用红外光谱(FTIR)表征了产物结构,用滴定的方法测定了接枝率,实验结果表面:最佳反应条件为BPO/CPP投料比为10%,St/MAH投料比为1∶1,MAH/CPP投料比为20%,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为2 h。通过聚丙烯(PP)板涂装底漆附着力测试表明,当氯化聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(CPP-g-MAH)接枝率达到3.14%时涂层附着力等级可达到0级。     

水相法氯化聚丙烯用马来酸酐接枝改性与性能研究

以氯仿为溶剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,马来酸酐(MAH)为接枝单体,对氯化聚丙烯(CPP)进行接枝改性。优化的工艺条件为:m(AIBN)∶m(CPP)=0.003,m(MAH)∶m(CPP)=0.09,反应温度为108℃,反应时间为2.0 h,接枝效率最高。改性产物在部分酮酯类溶剂中的溶解性能优良,对多种塑料材料有良好的附着性。     

CPP/VTES/St接枝共聚物的合成与性能

以二甲苯为溶剂,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)和苯乙烯(St)为接枝单体,自由基溶液聚合法改性氯化聚丙烯(CPP),制得接枝共聚胶黏剂。并考察了聚合单体用量及配比、溶剂用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对树脂胶黏性能的影响。得到的最佳反应条件为：溶剂与CPP的质量比m(二甲苯)∶m(CPP)=2.5∶1,聚合原料配比m(CPP)∶m (VTES)∶m (St)∶m (BPO) =100∶2.4∶0.6∶0.2,反应温度95 ℃,反应时间3 h。在此条件下制备的共聚物粘接聚丙烯材料和钢的剪切强度分别达3.4 MPa和7.7 MPa。     

烯丙基磺酸钠改性CPP的制备研究与应用

以二甲苯为溶剂、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂、烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)为接枝单体,对氯化聚丙烯(CPP)进行接枝改性。优化的工艺条件为:m(BPO)/m(CPP)=0.004、m(SAS)/m(CPP)=0.09,反应温度为130℃,反应时间为8.0h时,接枝效率最高,达到9.82%。性能测试结果表明,改性产物在部分酮酯类溶剂中的溶解性能优良。     

氯化聚丙烯改性胶粘剂的合成及粘附性能研究

以甲苯为溶剂，过氧化二苯甲酰(BP0)为引发剂，通过自由基聚合，采用甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)和苯乙烯(St)接枝改性氯化聚丙烯(CPP)。研究了不同苯乙烯用量、不同反应温度、不同反应时间、不同引发剂用量对改性氯化聚丙烯胶粘剂粘附性能的影响，得出较佳的工艺条件为反应温度90℃，反应时问2h，原料配比m(CPP)：m(HEMA)：m(St)：m(BPO)=50：0．5：0．6：0．15。     

接枝共聚改性氯化聚丙烯乳液的研究

以丙烯酸酯单体作为接枝共聚单体,合成了无芳烃低VOC的CPP(氯化聚丙烯)乳液。以接枝率和耐水性作为衡量指标,采用单因素试验法优选出制备CPP乳液的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当反应温度为95℃、反应时间为3.5 h、w(总引发剂)=1.0%(其中10%引发剂在滴加单体以前加入,并且间隔时间为10 min)、w(丙烯酸酯单体)=30%和w(丙烯酸)=5%时,相应CPP乳液的综合性能相对较好,并且其对聚丙烯(PP)基材的附着力相对最好。     

氯化聚丙烯改性及其粘附性能研究

以甲苯为溶剂,过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,通过自由基聚合,采用马来酸酐(MAH)接枝改性氯化聚丙烯(CPP),并对产物结构进行了FTIR表征。研究了反应温度、反应时间、MAH和BPO用量对改性氯化聚丙烯胶粘剂粘附性能的影响;得出较佳的工艺条件为:反应温度θ=90℃,反应时间t=3 0h,原料质量配比为m(CPP)∶m(MAH)∶m(BPO)=100∶3∶0 3。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.