新型700 MPa级高强锚杆钢的微观组织及强化机制

自主设计了700 MPa级高强锚杆钢,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜等对其微观组织与性能进行了系统测试与表征,并进一步讨论了其强化机制。结果表明,该锚杆用钢的显微组织为珠光体和铁素体复相组织,铁素体呈细小的等轴状,珠光体呈长条形片层状分布,组织中珠光体体积分数约为43%;铁素体基体上析出了大量小于20 nm的纳米级V(C, N)粒子;试验钢屈服强度约为734 MPa,抗拉强度约为936 MPa,断后伸长率约为15.1%,屈强比约为0.78,具有良好的综合性能;该锚杆钢的强化机制为细晶强化、固溶强化、位错强化及析出强化的耦合强化,其中,细晶强化及固溶强化引起的强度贡献约占总强度值的73%。     

控轧控冷对Ti-Mo-Nb复合微合金化低碳钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了控轧控冷的冷却速度对Ti-Mo-Nb微合金高强钢组织与性能的影响。结果表明,随着冷却速度的降低,试验钢中铁素体逐渐等轴化,铁素体的体积分数、晶粒尺寸逐渐增加。冷却速度的降低可显著细化析出相尺寸并增加其体积分数,析出方式由弥散析出向相间析出转变。铁素体通过析出强化实现提升材料强度的同时,成形性能得到改善。当冷却速度为28℃/s时,试验钢获得了优异的综合力学性能,抗拉强度为853 MPa,屈服强度为750 MPa,伸长率为18.6%,扩孔率为68.5%。组织细化与析出强化是试验钢的主要强化机制,当冷却速度为28℃/s时,细晶强化和析出强化强度增量分别为206 MPa和328 MPa。     

HSLA钢组织—性能对应关系的预测模型

通过HSLA钢中各组成相的体积分数、铁素体晶粒尺寸、析出相的尺寸和体积分数等参数,分别考虑了细晶强化、相变强化和析出强化等强韧化机制对强度和韧性等机械性能的影响,建立了HSLA钢组织一性能对应关系的预测模型。模型的预测精度通过两种HSLA钢实验室控轧控冷的组织一性能实验数据获得验证。     

汽车结构用590 MPa级低合金高强度钢热镀锌生产工艺

为满足汽车轻量化要求,利用Nb、Ti微合金化元素的细晶强化和析出强化机理,开发研制抗拉强度590 MPa级的汽车结构用低合金高强度钢板。研究表明:不同退火温度和热镀锌带钢速度晶粒度差别不大,因而引起钢的力学性能差别的不是晶粒度而是由于随着退火温度的升高Nb的析出物粗化或者溶解减弱了沉淀强化效果。810℃退火时,热镀锌带钢速度控制在75~95 m/min,带状组织不明显,钢板力学性能良好,成形性能良好。热镀锌生产工艺参数的合理控制可得到良好的力学性能和成形性能。     

汽车大梁用钢的显微组织和力学性能研究

研究了780 MPa级重载汽车大梁钢的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,实验钢的强化机制是析出强化、细晶强化和相变强化综合作用的结果。实验钢板材焊接接头的强度和母材大致相当,焊接性能良好。     

890MPa级纳米碳化物强化铁素体高强钢的研制

通过Ti-V-Nb-Mo复合微合金化设计、控轧控冷(TMCP)及合理选择卷取温度,开发出抗拉强度为890 MPa级铁素体高强钢。结果表明,经两阶段控轧后冷却到600℃进行模拟卷取,钢板的屈服强度达到877 MPa,抗拉强度达到950 MPa,伸长率为20.0%,显微组织为均匀细小的多边形铁素体+少量晶界渗碳体。强化机理分析表明,析出强化和细晶强化是铁素体高强钢的主要强化方式,其中析出强化增量高达380 MPa。     

超快冷+层流冷却工艺对Mn-Ti钢组织与性能影响

研究了超快冷+层流冷却工艺对一种Mn-Ti钢组织与性能的影响。结果表明:随入超快冷段温度的升高,实验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度先升高后降低,随层流段出口温度的降低,其屈服强度和抗拉强度先降低后升高。当入超快冷段、出超快冷段及层流段出口的温度分别为830、699及620℃时,实验钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度及伸长率分别为675 MPa、737.5 MPa和20%,力学性能最佳,其组织以铁素体为主,在铁素体基体上存在大量的细小析出物,通过计算,其析出强化量为190 MPa,细晶强化及析出强化有效提高了实验钢的力学性能。     

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通过对武钢开发的的耐大气腐蚀钢（WQ450GN）的力学性能和微观组织的检测和分析,结果表明：该材料力学性能优良,微观组织为细小的多边形铁素体＋少量贝氏体组织,析出的第二相主要为细小稳定的（Ti,Nb）（C,N）和少量的ε-Cu,这些析出的第二相对材料性能提高起到至关重要的作用,其强化机制为细晶强化、析出强化及相变强化。     

Ti微合金化对22MnB5热成形钢组织和性能的影响

通过热膨胀试验、显微组织分析和硬度测试,分析了冷却速率和Ti元素对两种22MnB5热成形试验钢相变温度、显微组织、析出相以及硬度等的影响,并绘制了CCT曲线。结果表明,当冷却速率低于5 ℃/s时,试验钢的显微组织主要为铁素体和珠光体;冷却速率达到5 ℃/s后开始形成贝氏体;冷却速率达到30 ℃/s时,获得单一马氏体组织。Ti微合金化可降低Ms点,并通过析出Ti(C, N) 相细化奥氏体晶粒,从而获得细小的马氏体板条,产生的析出强化和细晶强化效应提高了试验钢的强度。     

一种800 MPa级高强建筑用钢的试验研究

针对当前我国高强建筑用钢的开发,采用Ti-Nb微合金化技术设计试验钢化学成分,通过热膨胀试验确定了试验钢的动态CCT曲线,基于此设计了实验室热轧试验方案,研究了工艺参数对试验钢组织、性能的影响。结果表明:当水冷终冷温度大于610 ℃时,试验钢的显微组织为铁素体+珠光体;当水冷终冷温度小于390 ℃时,试验钢显微组织为少量铁素体+贝氏体;当终轧温度为810 ℃、水冷终冷温度为350 ℃时,试验钢显微组织为少量铁素体+贝氏体,屈服强度为837 MPa,这是细晶强化、相变强化、析出强化共同作用的结果,为800 MPa高强钢筋的研究开发提供了数据支撑和理论指导。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.