基于正交试验的G105钻杆强韧化工艺优化研究

采用正交试验法研究了淬火加热温度、淬火保温时间、回火加热温度和回火保温时间对26CrMoNbTiB钻杆用钢强韧性的影响.结果表明,回火加热温度对实验钢的强度和伸长率影响最大,淬火加热温度次之.当淬火温度为910℃、保温时间为35 min,回火温度和时间分别为590℃和65 min时,26CrMoNbTiB钢的屈服强度为898 MPa,抗拉强度为973 MPa,伸长率为17.4％,具有良好的综合力学性能.     

D级空心抽油杆两种制造方法的对比研究

介绍了国内D级空心抽油杆以摩擦焊接和热锻成形为关键技术的两种制造方法;依据SY/T 5550—2012,对比分析D级直接连接摩擦焊接式空心抽油杆和D级直接连接镦锻式空心抽油杆的工艺路线、制造难点、产品性能、实际应用情况。结果显示:与D级直接连接摩擦焊接式空心抽油杆相比,D级直接连接镦锻式空心抽油杆的制造工序更少,容易实现自动化,产品各项性能更加稳定,实际应用效果更好。     

20CrMo钢空心抽油杆的调质处理工艺

研究20CrMo钢空心抽油杆经过不同调质处理后的显微组织、力学性能。结果表明,20CrMo钢经880℃淬火+580℃回火处理后组织构成理想,无影响材料塑韧性的不利组织,晶粒细小;在获得高强度的同时,强度和塑韧性有良好配合,抗拉强度达到998MPa,屈服强度856MPa,伸长率20%,断面收缩率56%,冲击吸收能量24kJ,大大减少了作业过程中空心抽油杆井下疲劳断裂次数。     

26CrMoVNbRE钢高效热处理调质工艺边界探索

研究了不同淬火温度、淬火保温时间、回火温度及回火保温时间对26CrMoVNbRE钢组织与性能的影响,结果表明,试验钢870～900℃淬火后高温回火,显微组织为回火索氏体,原始奥氏体晶粒细小均匀.870℃保温40 min淬火,与900℃保温30 min淬火屈服强度相近,前者有良好的综合力学性能,后者更有利于现场高效热处理...     

回火温度对960MPa级工程机械用钢组织与力学性能的影响

对热轧后的Q960工程机械用钢进行了910℃保温20min的淬火和不同温度相同时间(40 min)的回火。研究了回火温度对组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:钢淬火后的组织转变为板条马氏体,当回火温度为600℃时,钢的组织形成了回火索氏体;当回火温度为500℃时,试验钢具有优良的性能,即,R_(p0.2)=990 MPa,R_m=1086 MPa,A=17.8%,-40℃冲击功KV_2=68 J,满足GB/T16270-2009的要求。     

淬火工艺对CSP生产的30CrMo钢组织和性能的影响

针对CSP工艺生产的30CrMo热轧带钢,研究了淬火温度、保温时间、淬火介质对其组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:淬火温度为860~1000℃,保温时间为5~60 min时,30CrMo钢经水淬和油淬后得到的均为马氏体组织,但不同工艺条件下马氏体的类型、尺寸和力学性能不同。当淬火温度较低时,基体中的马氏体组织由细小的片状马氏体和板条马氏体组成,强度和硬度较高。随着淬火温度的升高以及保温时间的延长,片状马氏体的含量逐渐减少,板条马氏体的含量不断增加,尺寸增大,强度和硬度值下降。其中,试验钢在不同淬火工艺下经油淬后的屈服强度可用σs=-4050.4+16272.2d-1/2来表示,理论计算结果与实验测量结果相吻合。试验钢的最佳淬火工艺为880℃、保温15 min、油淬,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、洛氏硬度、断后伸长率分别为1809 MPa、1206 MPa、52.54 HRC、8.5%。     

27SiMn钢的贝氏体化热处理工艺

以27SiMn钢贝氏体转变的冷速条件和温度范围为依据,采用正交方法进行了分段淬火的热处理试验。研究了淬火温度、淬火保温时间、回火温度、回火保温时间对于热处理后钢材力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,27SiMn钢获得贝氏体组织的最优热处理工艺为：910 ℃,30 min淬火（油冷至450 ℃后空冷至室温）+250 ℃,40 min回火,经该工艺热处理后27SiMn钢的屈服强度从423 MPa 提高到693 MPa,抗拉强度由689 MPa提高到890 MPa,伸长率和断面收缩率分别为28%和67%,冲击吸收能量由原来的的13 J提高到64 J,冲击韧性显著改善,满足了工程机械用钢的需求。     

加热温度及保温时间对55CrMo钢相变的影响

为了改善精密滚珠丝杠感应淬火后的表层硬度及硬度均匀性,提高耐磨性及寿命,利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,以50℃/s的加热速度,将55CrMo钢试样分别加热到800、850、900、950、1000、1100和1200℃,并在相应温度分别保温8、16和32 s,然后以50℃/s的冷却速度进行冷却,研究加热温度及保温时间对55CrMo钢相变温度、微观组织、显微硬度的影响。结果表明:在快速加热条件下,55CrMo钢奥氏体化温度升高;升高加热温度和延长保温时间均有利于促进奥氏体化均匀,抑制贝氏体转变,有利于增加均匀细小的马氏体组织,改善丝杠表面淬硬层硬度值的均匀性;55CrMo钢感应淬火时,应将感应加热的温度控制在900~1000℃范围内。     

S135钻杆管体热处理工艺研究

研究了不同淬火温度和回火温度对S135钻杆组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:随着回火温度的提高,试验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度下降,而塑性和韧性上升;淬火温度对试验钢性能影响不大;在880℃淬火、保温30 min,540~580℃回火、保温60 min,试验钢有较好的力学性能。     

淬火与回火工艺对42CrMo钢显微组织和奥氏体晶粒长大规律的影响

研究了860～940℃淬火与200～600℃回火对42CrMo钢显微组织的影响,并用金相截线法对奥氏体晶粒尺寸进行测量,建立了42CrMo钢奥氏体晶粒生长动力学方程。结果表明,随着淬火温度和保温时间的增加,42CrMo钢中残留碳化物数量明显减少,碳化物由片状逐渐变为颗粒状。随着淬火温度的升高,板条马氏体组织变得越来越均匀细小。随着回火温度的升高,钢的显微组织向回火屈氏体、回火索氏体转变,当回火温度为600℃时,得到的回火索氏体组织更均匀密集。基于Beck模型的42CrMo钢奥氏体晶粒生长规律的拟合结果,得出奥氏体晶粒长大激活能为2.62×10³ J·mol^-1。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。