H+‐ATPase‐Defective Variants of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Contribute to Inhibition of Postacidification of Yogurt during Chilled Storage

Continued acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus during the chilled storage of yogurt is the major cause of postacidification, resulting in a short shelf life. Two H⁺‐ATPase defective variants of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were successfully isolated and their H⁺‐ATPase activities were reduced by 51.3% and 34.3%, respectively. It was shown that growth and acid production of variants were remarkably inhibited. The variants were more sensitive to acidic condition and had a significant rate for inactivation of H⁺‐ATPase by N, N‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), along with a low H⁺‐extrusion, suggesting that H⁺‐ATPase is direct response for H⁺‐extrusion. In addition, the variants were also more sensitive to NaCl, while H⁺‐ATPase activities of variants and parent strain were significantly enhanced by NaCl stress. Obviously, H⁺‐ATPase might be involved in Na⁺ transportation. Furthermore, variants were inoculated in fermented milk to ferment yogurt. There was no significant difference in flavor, whereas the postacidification of yogurt during chilled storage was remarkably inhibited. It is suggested that application of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus with reduced H⁺‐ATPase activity in yogurt fermentation is one of effect, economic and simple avenues of inhibiting postacidification of yogurt during refrigerated storage, giving a longer shelf life. Practical Application: During yogurt fermentation, continued acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus during the chilled storage of yogurt leads to milk fermentation with high postacidification, resulting in a short shelf life. In this work, 2 acid‐sensitive variant strains of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were isolated. The characteristics related to H⁺‐ATPase were compared and it was observed that milk fermented by the variants had lower postacidification, giving a longer shelf life. Application of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus with reduced H⁺‐ATPase activity in yogurt fermentation might be one of effect, economic and simple avenues of inhibiting yogurt postacidification during chilled storage, giving a longer shelf life.     

保加利亚乳杆菌H+-ATPase弱化菌株的诱变选育

以保加利亚乳杆菌ND06(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus ND06)为出发菌株,利用硫酸新霉素诱变、筛选出一株H+-ArPase 弱化菌株ND06-6.该菌株在MRS培养基中,37℃培养18 h时,H+-ATPase活性为0.65 μmol/(mg· min),和出发菌株相比,H+-ATPase活性下降了35％.在脱脂乳培养基中培养0,4,8,12,16,20,24,36,48和72 h后,诱变菌株ND06-6的乳酸、乳糖和半乳糖的的代谢能力明显低于出发菌株.这些研究结果为弱后酸化酸奶发酵剂的开发和应用提供了理论依据.     

弱后酸化保加利亚乳杆菌突变株与亲本菌株H+-ATPase基因的相似性比较

为了确定德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种H+-ATPase的调控机制,以H+-ATPase缺陷的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种突变菌株和亲本菌株KLDS1.9201作为研究对象.首先分别提取亲本和突变菌株的基因组DNA,随后利用PCR的方法扩增出H+-ATPase蛋白的全部编码基因并测序,最后利用DNAMAN软件比较亲本和突变菌株的H+-ATPase的相似性.结果表明亲本和突变菌株H+-ATPase编码基因的相似性为100％.H+-ATPase缺陷的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种突变菌株KLDS1.9201-11和亲本菌株KLDS1.9201的H+-ATPase活力之间的差异并不是由于编码基因发生了突变,可能是转录水平的降低导致H+-ATPase酶蛋白的表达量降低,进而影响酶活力.为进一步研究德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种H+-ATPase的调控机制奠定了基础.     

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种耐酸机制

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种是最具经济价值的乳酸菌之一,其耐酸能力是影响其发酵性能和发挥益生功效的关键因素。本文就该菌的耐酸能力调节进行阐述。     

弱后酸化保加利亚乳杆菌突变菌株的遗传稳定性研究

对从传统乳制品中筛选得到的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种自发突变株KLDS 1.9201-4的遗传稳定性进行研究。将突变菌株进行连续传代,观察形态学变化,利用HPLC分析葡萄糖和乳酸的代谢情况,RAPD分析基因组DNA的稳定性。结果表明,突变菌株KLDS1.9201-4能够稳定遗传至第8代,在传代过程中菌落和菌体特征没有发生明显变化,KLDS 1.9201-4对初始葡萄糖的代谢率逐渐升高,终产物中乳酸的浓度也逐渐升高。KLDS 1.9201-4的基因组DNA相对稳定,没有发生明显变异。弱后酸化德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种的自发突变株KLDS 1.9201-4具有适宜的遗传稳定性,可被用于制作弱后酸化的酸奶发酵剂。     

Rheological and physical characteristics of non-fat set yogurt prepared with EPS-producing Streptococcus thermophilus and an H+-ATPase-defective mutant Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus

The rheological and physical characteristics of non-fat set yogurt produced using co-cultures of ropy EPS-producing Streptococcus thermophilus S3.3 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LTM and of Streptococcus thermophilus S3.3 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus H+-ATPase-defective mutant L6 under different conditions were studied. Yogurts produced with mutant L6 had a higher pH and water-holding capacity and better textural properties compared to those produced with the LTM strain. The highest storage modulus (G′) and thixotropic loops were found for yogurt made with L6 at 42°C on day 21 of cold storage. This yogurt contained a network of thick, continuous protein aggregates and large void spaces.     

保加利亚乳杆菌关键糖代谢机制的研究

以五株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种为出发菌株,通过高效液相色谱法对四株后酸化强弱不同的保加利亚乳杆菌发酵的酸奶中葡萄糖、乳糖、半乳糖及乳酸的含量进行测定,通过Carrez法处理沉淀蛋白,采用AminexHPX87H色谱柱,5mmol/LH2SO4溶液为流动相,流速0.6mL/min。结果表明,本实验中保加利亚乳杆菌室温贮存过程中产乳酸的途径为乳糖到葡萄糖,葡萄糖通过糖酵解生成乳酸,生成的半乳糖不被利用,一直处于累积状态;后酸化强的菌株代谢乳糖和葡萄糖的含量比后酸化弱的菌株代谢量更高,乳糖代谢途径为菌株贮存期产酸关键途径。     

利用德氏乳杆菌全酶液水解牛乳酪蛋白

采用响应面法优化超声破碎工艺获取乳酸菌的全酶液,探讨超声破碎功率、超声破碎时间以及溶菌酶的添加量对超声破碎的影响,对获取的全酶液进行水解脱脂乳及酪蛋白的实验。结果表明：随着超声破碎功率的加大,超声破碎时间的增加,所得酶活力值均呈现先增长后下降的趋势,分析所得的回归方程确定最佳工艺修正参数为：超声破碎仪设定功率71%,超声破碎仪设定时间7.5 min,体系中溶菌酶的添加量290 μL/30 mL菌液。在此条件下获取的全酶液水解脱脂乳及酪蛋白显示,超声破碎的过程对酶活力有较大损失,分开处理其胞内和胞外酶液,水解脱脂乳和酪蛋白所获得游离氨基氮的含量分别提高了223.86%和324.11%,高效液相色谱分析结果也证明全酶液水解所得多肽含量及肽段大小多样性均有所提高。     

保加利亚乳杆菌LJJ自溶的影响因素分析

考察了不同生长阶段的保加利亚乳杆菌LJJ在不同温度及酸度环境中的自溶度变化,不同浓度SDS和Triton X-100对菌体自溶度和溶菌酶活性的影响,并采用扫描电镜观察菌体自溶中的形态变化,以确定LJJ自溶的最适条件并初步探讨溶菌酶在自溶中的作用。结果表明,处于对数生长期的LJJ菌体最易发生自溶。LJJ自溶度随环境温度(4⁵0℃)的升高,温育时间的延长而相应增大。LJJ自溶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH值范围为6.050℃)的升高,温育时间的延长而相应增大。LJJ自溶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH值范围为6.0⁸.0。0.50 g/L SDS对LJJ自溶和溶菌酶的抑制率分别为99.6%和97.4%。1.00 g/L Triton X-100分别将LJJ的自溶度和溶菌酶活性提升了20.7%和39.5%。扫描电镜观察表明,自溶细胞与正常细胞相比,细胞壁出现孔洞,细胞完整性遭到破坏而0.50 g/L SDS可抑制LJJ细胞的破坏。因此,环境pH、温度、温育时间、SDS浓度、Triton X-100浓度及菌体生长阶段可通过溶菌酶活性的作用显著影响LJJ的自溶,为调控乳酸菌自溶提供了初步理论基础。     

保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌共生机理的研究进展

乳酸菌在乳中的共生机制是非常复杂的网络体系。通过对蛋白质代谢、核苷酸碱基代谢、氧化性应激以及碳源物质代谢等方面的研究,对保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌共生机理的研究进展进行详细的阐述。旨在为发酵剂菌体的筛选及应用提供参考。     

保加利亚乳杆菌生长性能与后酸化的关系初探

以5株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种为出发菌株,详细研究了5株菌的生长代谢、酸敏感性及蛋白水解力,并分析了这些特性与后酸化之间的关系。结果表明:5株菌的生长性能与后酸化之间存在紧密联系。其中,菌株的生长速度和糖分解代谢能力与后酸化成正比;对酸较敏感菌株的后酸化也较弱;菌株的蛋白水解能力与生长速度和后酸化之间没有明显的相关性。     

嗜热链球菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种共生关系的研究进展

嗜热链球菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种是组成酸奶发酵剂的主要菌种,在长期共处于牛乳环境的过程中形成多种协同共生关系.这些协同共生关系赋予发酵剂菌株产酸快、黏度高、活性物质丰富等优良性能,同时对酸奶品质产生重要影响.该文旨在从营养供给、抵抗环境胁迫及酸奶品质改良等方面讨论两菌的协同共生关系,为提高发酵剂菌株活力及酸奶品质提供...     

具有优良发酵特性德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种的筛选及其益生特性

本研究对10株实验室保存的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种产酸能力,产黏能力,产香能力和贮藏期稳定性进行测定,并通过测定乳酸菌对抗生素的耐药性、抑菌能力、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)活性、α-半乳糖苷酶(α-Gal)活性和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性探究菌株的益生特性.单菌株发酵实验结果表明:菌株KSDB-1凝乳时间短(6.3 h)...     

冷冻和冻干过程对保加利亚乳杆菌存活性影响的研究

研究了预冻过程中冷冻温度、冷冻时间以及升华干燥过程中发酵剂含水量对保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus)L.b-S1细胞存活率的影响.结果表明:-20～-18℃和-40～-35℃冷冻,对细胞存活率无显著影响(P＞0.05);冷冻起始至完全冻结,细胞存活率差异显著(P＜0.05),而冻结后细胞存活率并不随冷冻时间延长而存在显著差异(P＞0.05);干燥过程中,发酵剂含水量对细胞干燥存活率影响显著(P＜0.05),但存活率降低程度因含水量下降水平不同而出现差异,其中以含水量由40%左右至5%左右的过程影响最大,细胞存活率由88.68%降至40.11%,下降约50%左右,差异显著(P＜0.05).本研究为研制开发高效浓缩型直投式酸奶冻干发酵剂,合理调控冻干工艺提供指导依据.     

保加利亚乳杆菌产酸关键酶的研究

以四株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种为出发菌株,详细比较了四株菌产酸关键酶酶活的差异,从而找出菌株KLDS1.1006和KLDS1.1011后酸化较弱的主要原因及控制其产酸的关键酶。结果表明,H⁺-ATPase可以控制菌株的能量代谢,是产酸关键酶;β-半乳糖苷酶对于分解乳糖产酸的贡献非常大,是乳糖代谢关键酶;乳酸脱氢酶和蛋白酶与后发酵产酸过程并没有必然联系;H⁺-ATPase和β-半乳糖苷酶酶活性较弱是引起菌株KLDS1.1006和KLDS1.1011后酸化程度弱的根本原因。      

Kinetic Study of the Combined Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature on the Activity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus Aminopeptidases

ABSTRACT:  The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) (100 to 700 MPa) combined with temperature (20 to 40 °C) on the activity of 5 aminopeptidases (PepN, PepX, PepY, PepC, and PepA) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ACA-DC 0105, used as starter culture for feta cheese production, was studied. Aminopeptidases PepN, PepX, and PepA were activated at pressures up to 200 MPa, at temperatures up to 40 °C. PepY and PepC appeared to be more sensitive to pressure and temperature treatment leading to inactivation for pressures above 100 and 200 MPa, respectively, combined with temperature above 30 °C. A multi-parameter equation was used for predicting the activation of PepN, PepX, and PepA aminopeptidases in the pressure and temperature domain. Overall, processing at 200 MPa and 20 °C may be selected as the optimum conditions for maximum activation of 4 out of 5 aminopeptidases of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. A 20-min treatment at these conditions leads to an average 3-fold increase in activity, which could lead to better and faster maturation of white cheese.     

应用拉曼光谱对比分析德式乳杆菌保加利亚亚种ND02及其VBNC态细胞成分

采用扫描电子显微镜、单细胞拉曼光谱技术对比分析德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种ND02（Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ND02）正常及其非可培养态（viable but non-culturable,VBNC）细胞的表观形态和细胞内部大分子化合物的变化。扫描电子显微镜结果显示,与正常细胞相比,德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种ND02的VBNC态细胞变短、变粗,且细胞表面发生褶皱;VBNC态细胞的拉曼光谱与正常细胞差异显著,主要集中在1 673、1 650、1 459、1 030、1 005 cm－1等处的12 个峰,主要反映细胞内蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子变化,结果表明德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种ND02在诱导进入VBNC态时可能通过调整核酸、脂类和蛋白质适应不利环境的影响;研究结果也证实拉曼光谱技术可以在单细胞水平上对德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种ND02及其VBNC态细胞内大分子物质进行无损、无标记检测分析。     

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus和Streptococcus thermophilus接种比例对Bifidobacterium lactis益生菌发酵乳品质的影响

将Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus ND02(LB-ND02)和Streptococcus thermophilus ND03(ST-ND03)按1∶1、1∶10、1∶100、1∶1000接种于脱脂乳中,同时接入益生菌Bifidobacterium lactis V9(B.lactis V9,接种量为2.0×107g-1),于42℃进行发酵。通过对发酵及贮藏过程中发酵乳指标的测定,评价LB-ND02和ST-ND03的接种比例对发酵乳品质的影响。结果表明,随着LB-ND02接种比例减小,凝乳时间显著延长,B.lactis V9活菌数显著提高。4℃贮藏28 d后,随LB-ND02接种比例减小,B.lactis V9存活率差异显著,后酸化也显著减弱。研究发现,LB-ND02和ST-ND03的接种比例,显著影响发酵乳的发酵时间、B.lactis V9活菌数、后酸化及黏度。     

Efficiency of modified skimmed milk base media to achieve high exopolysaccharide/cell ratios by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus SZ2 in optimised conditions defined by the response surface methodology

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus SZ2 was optimised in modified MRS (M‐MRS) using the response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum EPS production was 74.3 ± 2 mg/L, and the optimised values of the three variables predicted for maximum EPS production included a temperature of 38.7 °C, Bacto‐casitone and glucose concentrations of 24.5 and 29.6 g/L, respectively. To compare EPS production in MRS and skimmed milk (SM), the kinetics of EPS formation and growth were monitored in M‐MRS, SM, skimmed milk plus 2% additional sucrose (Suc‐SM) and skimmed milk containing Bacto‐casitone (20 g/L) and yeast nitrogen base (5 g/L) (BY‐SM). EPS production in all the media tested seemed to be growth‐related. The EPS/cell ratios were determined to be 3.12 × 10^?10, 1.43 × 10^?10, 4.42 × 10^?11 and 3.16 × 10^?11 mg/cell, in Suc‐SM, SM, M‐MRS and BY‐SM, respectively, clearly indicating the greater effect of C/N ratio when cell behaviour in EPS production is considered.     

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种ND02活的非可培养态诱导和复苏

为有效提高乳酸菌发酵剂菌种在生产和应用过程中的活性,对一株具有优良发酵特性的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种ND02(保加利亚乳杆菌ND02)进行了活的非可培养(viable but non-culturable,VBNC)态诱导和复苏的初步研究。将活化的保加利亚乳杆菌ND02在不同复合条件下进行诱导,同时采用平板计数法和荧光显微镜两种计数方法对其进行检测,将诱导成功的样本通过改变温度及改变培养基成分进行复苏实验。结果表明:保加利亚乳杆菌ND02在液体MRS中4℃诱导190 d便可以进入VBNC态,并发现10%脱脂乳+0.1%酵母粉是有效的复苏方法。为保加利亚乳杆菌ND02在应用过程中避免VBNC态的产生及活性的提高提供一定的参考依据。