光子图象统计检验的计算机模拟

分析了超高灵敏度光电成象系统和光子图象的特点，提出了用斯米诺夫检验来判断图象中有无信号，并用计算机模拟生成光子图象进行检验，得到了相关的三个因素对检验结论影响的量化关系。计算机模拟方法以及模拟过程得到的结论对于研究极弱光强条件下的图象信号探测有一定的指导意义。     

0在动态测量中面阵CCD受控变速读出方法研究

在成象跟踪系统中，光电探测的帧频对于系统的性能有着直接的影响。本文根据ＣＣＤ输出图象信号的电学特征，提出了变速出的工作原理和技术途径，完成了有关电路的设计。通过实验证明了变速出方法是提高面阵ＣＣＤ帧频的一种有效途径。     

增强型荧光显微镜的量化处理及测试

根据目前生物学及医学发展的需要，研制了一种在普通倒置生物显微镜下探测极微弱细胞荧光图象的高增益荧光显微镜。系统采用计算机采集荧光图象，由量化标定曲线对荧光图象中的每一点根据其灰度值给出定量数据，解决了以往显微镜只能定性观察不能定量分析的困难。     

在动态测量中面阵CCD受控变速读出方法研究

在成象跟踪系统中，光电探测的帧频对于系统的性能有着直接的影响。本文根据ＣＣＤ输出图象信号的电学特征，提出了变速读出的工作原理和技术途径，完成了有关电路的设计。通过实验证明了变速读出方法是提高面阵ＣＣＤ帧频的一种有效途径。     

计算机自动处理摄影图象的一种图象自动输入装置

简要介绍了用计算机自动处理胶片摄影图象的自动输入装置，并详细介绍一种线阵ＣＣＤ器件和步进电机组合用于胶片摄影图象自动输入装置的结构及精度，以及此种输入装置在自动胶片判读仪系统中的应用。其输入速度达１０帧／秒，胶片输片精度达０．０１５ｍｍ（ＴＭＳ）。     

CsI／Ni／LiF半透明真空紫外光阴极“日盲”效应的验证

ＣｓＩ／Ｎｉ／ＬｉＦ半透明真空紫外光阴极，ＣｓＩ的长波阈值为２００ｎｍ，即有很好的“日盲”效应。通过对照测试，得到验证。用氢看空紫外辐射源作检测光源，在专用的真空紫外光电发射特性测试系统中，测得ＣｓＩ／Ｎｉ／ＬｉＦ半透明真空紫外光阴极在１０５－１６５ｎｍ波长范围内平无题子产额为０．１６－０．２１电子／入射光子，而在２００－３６５ｎｍ紫外辐射下，其量子产额俟为１０＾－６－－１０＾－５电子／入射光子。     

CCD测量固体的线胀系统

本文介绍用ＣＣＤ图象传感器、光杠杆和微机组成自动化高准确度测试系统测量固体的线胀系统。     

CCD测量固体的线胀系数

本文介绍用ＣＣＤ图象传感器、光杠杆和微机组成自动化高准确度测试系统测量固体的线胀系数。     

受限于CCD光子噪声的探测能力分析

本文在分析了现有的研究成果的基础上，从光电子学的概念出发，根据ＣＣＤ噪声与输入信号相关的特性，提出了信噪比相关的信号检测概率，建立了ＣＣＤ光电系统对发光目标的极限探测能力公式。     

中国科大基于智能相变晶格裁剪策略发明高效上转换发光材料取得进展

<正>对于众多能量转换材料来说,其量子效率往往都受限于一些带来能量损耗的不良过程。例如,上转换发光效应可以吸收两个或多个低能量光子而发射出较高能量光子,从而可为生物靶向成像、检测及治疗、激光器、太阳能电池、光催化等很多领域实现光频率转换。该频率转换效应依赖于从荧光上转换材料的吸光中心到发光中心的传能过程,而在传能过程     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...