竹叶提取物竹叶黄酮的研究进展

介绍了竹叶提取物的有效成分,包括黄酮、多糖、特种氨基酸等,重点探讨了竹叶黄酮的生物活性功能和在化妆品中的应用,并就其前景进行了展望。     

竹叶黄酮提取物的抑菌活性研究

采用稀释法研究了竹叶黄酮提取物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）,并采用滤纸片法对竹叶黄酮提取物及其水解产物的抑菌活性进行了对比研究。试验结果表明竹叶黄酮提取物对藤黄微球菌、沙门氏菌、马红球菌、痢疾志贺氏菌、柠檬酸杆菌的抑菌效果及杀菌效果较好,其中竹叶黄酮提取物水解产物对藤黄微球菌的抑菌杀菌效果尤为明显,...     

竹叶提取物的研究及竹叶提取物牙膏的研制

介绍了分析竹叶的传统药用价值、竹叶提取物的成分、功效和安全性,探讨了竹叶提取物在牙膏中的应用,并研制出具消炎抑菌、口气清新的竹叶提取物牙膏。     

竹叶提取物及其在口腔护理中的应用

通过介绍分析竹叶的药用价值、竹叶提取物的成分、功效和安全性，探讨了竹叶提取物在口腔护理中的应用，并列举了最新应用实例。     

竹叶饮料研究进展

植物提取物具有安全、高效、稳定、可控、无毒等优点,所以植物资源的综合利用一直是人们研究开发的重点。竹叶提取物的主要功能活性成分黄酮等物质具有优良的生物学功效,应用前景非常广阔,成为近年来的的关注热点。因此,以竹叶提取物为原料制作的保健饮料获得快速的发展。文章拟综述近年来竹叶饮料的原材料、提取工艺、配方、加工工艺、剂型及功能等几方面的研究进展,从而为竹叶饮料的研制及应用提供理论依据和借鉴。     

钓鱼慈竹竹叶提取物在H_2SO_4中对钢的缓蚀作用

钓鱼慈竹(Neosinocalamus affinis)竹叶提取物可作为一种环境友好型植物缓蚀剂。采用失重法和动电位极化曲线研究了钓鱼慈竹竹叶提取物在0.5mol/L H2SO4溶液中对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用。结果表明:钓鱼慈竹竹叶提取物具有良好的缓蚀作用,为混合抑制型缓蚀剂,且在钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式。通过van’t Hoff方程和Arrhenius公式求出了吸附热ΔHads和表观活化能Ea,并据此讨论了缓蚀作用机理。     

红外差谱及光谱拟合对雷竹叶提取黄酮的品质鉴定

用福建雷竹叶提取竹叶总黄酮,以槲皮素和芦丁为标准品,KB r压片法在FT-IR上测定标准品及提取物的红外图谱,确定提取物为竹叶总黄酮。对标准品与提取物进行差谱和拟合处理,结果表明以芦丁要较槲皮素作标准品更为可靠。此红外技术可作为鉴定黄酮品质及纯度的定性方法。     

棉竹竹叶提取物在HCl中对钢和铝的缓蚀作用

采用失重法和动电位极化曲线首次研究了棉竹竹叶提取物在1.0 mol/LHCl溶液中对冷轧钢和工业纯铝的缓蚀作用。结果表明：棉竹竹叶提取物对冷轧钢具有非常好的缓蚀作用,最大缓蚀率达95%,且在钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式;对铝具有中等程度的缓蚀作用,最大缓蚀率仅为55%,在铝表面的吸附也服从Langmuir吸附模型。极化曲线表明竹叶缓蚀剂为混合抑制型缓蚀剂。     

撑绿杂交竹竹叶提取物在盐酸介质中对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用

用失重法研究了撑绿杂交竹竹叶固体提取物在1.0 mol/L HCl 溶液中对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用.结果表明:撑绿杂交竹竹叶提取物对冷轧钢在1.0 mol/L HCl中具有良好的缓蚀作用,且在钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,并详细讨论了缓蚀剂浓度、腐蚀时间、温度对缓蚀作用的影响规律.     

慈竹（Neosinocalamus affinis）竹叶提取物在盐酸介质中对铝的缓蚀作用

从慈竹（Neosinocalamus affinis）竹叶中提取出的固体物质,可以作为一种环境友好型植物缓蚀剂。用失重法研究了钓鱼慈竹竹叶固体提取物在1．0mol／LHCI溶液中对铝的缓蚀作用。结果表明：提取物对铝在HCl溶液中具有良好的缓蚀作用,并根据实验结果探讨了缓蚀机理。     

Allelopathic research of subtropical vegetation in Taiwan II. Comparative exclusion of understory byPhyllostachys edulis andCryptomeria japonica

On many hillsides of Taiwan there is a unique pattern of weed exclusion byPhyllostachys edulis (bamboo) andCryptomeria japonica (conifer) in which the density, diversity, and dominance of understory species are very different. Although the physical conditions of light, soil moisture, and soil nutrients strongly favor the growth of understory in a bamboo community, the biomass of its undergrowth is significantly low, indicating that physical competition among the understory species in the bamboo and conifer communities does not cause the observed differences. However, the biochemical inhibition revealed by these two plants appeared to be an important factor. The growth ofPellionia scabra seedlings, transplanted from the study site into greenhouse pots, was evidently suppressed by the aqueous leachate of bamboo leaves but was stimulated by that of conifer leaves. The radicle growth of lettuce, rye grass, and rice plants was also clearly inhibited by the leachate and aqueous extracts of bamboo leaves but not by those of conifer leaves. Six phytotoxins,o-hydroxyphenylacetic,p-hydroxybenzoic,p-coumaric, vanillic, ferulic, and syringic acids were found in the aqueous leachate and extracts of leaves and alcoholic soil extracts ofP. edulis, while the first three compounds were absent in the extracts ofC. japonica. The phytotoxicities of extracts were correlated with the phytotoxins present in both leaves and soils. The understory species might be variously tolerant to the allelopathic compounds produced by the two plants, resulting in a differential selection of species underneath. Therefore, comparative allelopathic effects ofPhyllostachys edulis andCryptomeria japonica may play significant roles in regulating the populations of the understories.Paper No. 253 of the Scientific Journal Series of the Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. This study was supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China.     

雷竹叶芳香油的提取及其化学成分的研究

以新鲜和干雷竹叶为材料,经乙醚浸提、蒸馏并精制,获得了具有清香味的淡黄色透明芳香油液。经气相色谱仪对其组分和含量进行测定,给出了可靠结果,对应的干雷竹叶和鲜雷竹叶的可测组分分别为23种和18种,并发现干竹叶比鲜竹叶不仅组分的数量和种类多,且增加了3种复杂酮类及10种新组分。这些都为雷竹叶芳香油的开发及利用提供了可靠依据。     

银杏叶中有效成分的提取及作用

银杏叶中富含具有药理作用的黄酮类化合物与银杏内脂。它们对因高心脑血脂引起心脑血管疾病的患者能起到活血化淤、通脉舒络的作用。用生物分离方法进行提取,可大大提高银杏叶提取物中有效成分的含量。     

含竹叶黄酮化妆品的研制

竹叶提取物是中国新开发的一种植物类黄酮制剂,具有优良的抗自由基、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗菌、抗病毒及保护心脑血管,能清除人体内活性氧化自由基防止生物膜脂质被超氧自由基和羟基自由基氧化,而且不含任何有害成分和抗营养因子,对人体无毒、副作用,具有极大的安全性,结构稳定,不易被降解。竹叶黄酮可用于清洁皮肤,帮助抗老化,是天然的抗氧化剂,可作为新型护肤因子,添加至美白、祛斑、抗皱等高端护肤品中,具有极大的市场潜力。对提取竹叶黄酮常用的三种方法：冷浸提取法、索氏提取法和超声波提取法各自的特点进行了分析;对分离纯化的四种方法进行实验,并以芦丁作为标样,绘制工作曲线方程,测定竹叶黄酮含量。其中,采用索氏提取法提取率达1．08％。制备了含有竹叶黄酮的无纺布面膜和凝胶面膜,经使用比较发现,无纺布面膜使用后美白、抗衰老的效果比凝胶面膜好,具有一定的市场应用价值。     

微波法提取竹叶中抗氧化物质的工艺探讨

以竹叶为原料,采用回流提取法、沸水浴提取法、超声波提取法、微波提取法提取其抗氧化性成分,通过测定吸光度利用Fenton反应比较对羟自由基的清除率,用正交实验对提取竹叶的工艺条件进行优化,结果表明:微波提取法效果较好;以60%的乙醇为提取剂,固液比为1g∶15mL,微波火力为60W,提取时间为20s时清除率最高。     

松针提取物的GC-MS分析及其复配剂对榆紫叶甲的毒杀效果

采用索氏提取法以正己烷为溶剂从樟子松和黑皮油松新鲜针叶中提取松针提取物,对提取物进行了气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析,并分别研究了这2种松针提取物与松木屑木醋液的复配剂对榆紫叶甲的杀虫活性。研究结果表明：樟子松鲜针叶正己烷提取物中共鉴定出16种成分,总GC含量为65.92%,GC含量最高的化合物是2,2,4,4,6,8,8-七甲基壬烷（23.72%）,其次是苯乙酸-3-己烯酯（8.56%）。黑皮油松鲜针叶正己烷提取物中共鉴定出41种成分,总GC含量为98.06%,GC含量最高的化合物是石竹烯（23.29%）,其次是4-epi-荜澄茄油烯醇（11.24%）。这2种松针提取物复配木醋液（体积比1∶9）的5倍蒸馏水稀释液,对榆紫叶甲成虫的毒杀效果差,樟子松鲜针叶提取物复配木醋液（体积比1∶9）的5倍蒸馏水稀释液对榆紫叶甲成虫的毒杀效果优于木醋液的5倍蒸馏水稀释液。实验1~4天,松木屑木醋液的5倍蒸馏水稀释液对榆紫叶甲幼虫的毒杀效果要好于黑皮油松鲜针叶提取物复配木醋液（体积比为1∶9）的5倍蒸馏水稀释液,第5天则相反。     

不同地区竹叶中多糖的提取测定

采用苯酚-硫酸法测定了10种竹叶多糖的含量,分析比较了不同竹种竹叶多糖含量的差异;利用离子色谱仪测定了竹叶多糖的组成。结果表明：10种竹叶含多糖0.18%~0.93%,最高为福建青秆竹,最低是长宁佛肚竹;同一地区不同竹种的竹叶多糖含量存在极显著差异。竹叶多糖由5种单糖组成,分别是阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖和甘露糖,其中阿拉伯糖占18.32%~36.63%,半乳糖占19.16%~38.19%,葡萄糖占16.90%~54.45%,木糖占5.88%~16.32%,甘露糖占1.53%~10.89%。     

Comparative studies on the corrosion inhibition efficacy of ethanolic extracts of date palm leaves and seeds on carbon steel corrosion in 15% HCl solution

The work reports on the study carried out to comparatively assess the corrosion inhibition efficacy of crude ethanolic extracts of date palm leaves and seeds on X60 carbon steel corrosion in 15% HCl solution at 25–60 °C. The corrosion inhibition studies was carried out using weight loss and electrochemical (potentiodynamic polarization and linear polarization resistance) techniques. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed in order to determine the phytoconstituents present in the crude extracts. The influence of extractive solvents on the corrosion inhibition performance of the extracts was also investigated. It is found that the crude extracts of both date palm leaves and seeds contain saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and reducing sugars. Tannins is only present in the leaves and absent in the seeds while anthraquinones is absent in both extracts. The crude ethanolic extracts inhibited the corrosion of X60 steel in the aggressive 15% HCl solution with the leaves extract showing superior performance. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in concentration of the extracts and temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization results reveal that the extracts function as mixed type inhibitors. Corrosion inhibition occurs by virtue of adsorption of components of the extract on the steel surface and was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. On the influence of the extractive solvents on the corrosion inhibition performance, the order of inhibition efficiency at 60 °C follows the trend DPLAE (73.6%) > DPLEE (62.5%) > DPSAE (59.9%) > DPSEE (55.9%) with the optimum extract concentration (2000 ppm) studied.     

从竹叶中同步提取多糖、茶多酚和黄酮的研究

研究高压脉冲电场法同步提取竹叶中黄酮、茶多酚和多糖的工艺。以竹叶为原料,在电场强度、脉冲数、提取介质pH和料液比4个单因素实验的基础上,采用L9(34)正交实验确定最优化工艺。结果表明,采用高压脉冲电场法进行同步提取,竹叶黄酮、茶多酚和多糖提取率分别可达到2.48%,0.93%和3.54%,竹叶黄酮与多糖的提取率比传统方法提高了25%以上,但茶多酚的提取率略有降低。该工艺可同步有效地从竹叶中提取黄酮、茶多酚和多糖,对于综合开发竹叶活性成分具有指导意义。     

Effects of Drying and Extraction Methods on the Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Berries and Leaves

Sea buckthorn is a promising source of bioactive compounds. However, there is limited information on the effect of post harvest drying and extraction of sea buckthorn on its antioxidant capacity. The effect of freeze, air, and solar dryingon the extraction yield of sea buckthorn berries and leaves was evaluated with respect to their bioactive content. Sequential extraction with solvents of different polarity and solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction were applied. Freeze-drying has better performance in the berries’ extracts, while air-drying has better performance in the leaves’ extracts. All data were analyzed by Multi Factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's post-hoc tests at a level of α = .05. Although the extraction yield in the sequential extraction of sea buckthorn berries is significantly better, the leaves’ extracts exhibit superior radical scavenging ability. Accelerated solar drying appears to preserve sea buckthorn leaves without degrading their antioxidant content. The components responsible for the high antioxidant activity of leaves’ extracts were found to be several flavonoids and polyphenols. The extract obtained by the microwave extraction of fresh berries exhibits moderate antioxidant activity compared to the polar extracts of freeze-dried berries.