不同制备条件对硅酸锆超细粉体水热法合成影响的研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和氧氯化锆(ZrOCl_2·8H_2O)为原料,氟化锂为矿化剂,去离子水为溶剂,采用水热法制备硅酸锆粉体。研究了制备工艺中前驱体的Zr/Si摩尔比,前驱体溶液的pH值等因素对硅酸锆粉体合成的影响。并借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试手段对粉体进行表征。研究结果表明:前驱体中Zr/Si摩尔比影响着硅酸锆粉体的合成率,其最佳摩尔比为1.2∶1。前驱体溶液的pH值对硅酸锆粉体的合成有着重要的影响,pH值为9时最有利于合成硅酸锆粉体,此条件下所得粉体平均粒度大小在500~600 nm。     

Sol-Gel法二氧化硅溶胶的制备及性能影响研究

以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,硝酸为催化剂,制备了SiO2溶胶.研究了催化剂、水、乙醇的加入量对溶胶粘度和凝胶时间的影响。结果表明,在保持其它反应条件不变的情况下,随着EtOH/TEOS摩尔比的增大,溶胶粘度减小,凝胶时间变长;随着H2O/TEOS摩尔比的增大,溶胶粘度先增大后减小,凝胶时间先变短后变长,H2O/TEOS=9.6左右时粘度最大,凝胶时间最短;pH<2时,随着HNO3/TEOS摩尔比的增大,溶胶粘度增大,凝胶时间变短。     

SiO_2/ZrO_2无机膜的正交实验研究

以氧氯化锆(Zr OCl2·8H2O)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为先驱体,乙醇(Et OH)为溶剂,四乙基溴化铵(TEAB)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法在Al2O3基体上制备Si O2/Zr O2复合无机膜。正交实验和单因素实验综合分析了锆含量、提拉速度、浸没时间和模板剂对膜性能的影响。结果表明,正交实验中各因素影响的大小顺序为:锆含量模板剂提拉速度浸没时间。并就模板剂和提拉速度对膜性能的影响进行了单因素考察。     

工艺因素对非水解溶胶-凝胶法低温合成硅酸锆的影响

以工业纯ZrCl4、Si（OC2H5）4为前驱体，采用无溶剂的非水解溶胶-凝胶法合成了硅酸锆，研究矿化剂种类、矿化剂用量、前驱物配比对硅酸锆合成效果的影响。结果表明：以LiF为矿化剂、前驱物n（Si）：n（Zr）=1．2：1、矿化剂用量n（Li）：n（Si）=0．3：1、煅烧温度为700℃，可制备出合成率高达98．4％的硅酸锆。     

新型无毒铁红粉彩颜料的研制

以二氧化硅为包裹相,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备新型无毒铁红粉彩色料,研究了硅溶胶酸碱度、铁源、Si/Fe摩尔比等对色料呈色的影响,并采用XRD、TEM、分光光度计等分析手段对色料进行了表征。结果表明:以氧化铁为着色剂,工艺参数为pH=3,Si/Fe=4.0条件下合成的色料,与基础熔剂按照15∶85的百分比混合后的颜料经彩烤后红度值较高;此外,所得铁红色料具有核壳结构的包裹形态,以氧化铁为核,以含有大量细小SiO2晶粒的SiO2玻璃为壳。     

液相先驱体转化结合溶胶凝胶法合成ZrC-SiC纳米复合粉体

以八水合氧氯化锆为锆源、正硅酸乙酯为硅源、蔗糖为碳源,采用液相先驱体转化结合溶胶凝胶法合成ZrC-SiC纳米复合粉体.借助傅立叶红外光谱仪分析了有机锆先驱体的官能团,借助X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了Si/Zr摩尔比对复合粉体物相组成与显微形貌的影响.研究表明:有机锆先驱体具有链状或网状结构;1450℃烧成并保温2 h,Si/Zr摩尔比0.28时复合粉体中仍存在未反应的m-ZrO2相,Si/Zr摩尔比增加至1.11、2.56、5.88、23.17时均合成了纯相ZrC-SiC纳米复合粉体;随着Si/Zr摩尔比的增加,复合粉体粒径变化不大;Si/Zr摩尔比为2.56时平均粒径仅90 nm,且元素分布均匀.     

制备锆铁红色料影响因素的探讨

采用工业用二氧化锆和二氧化硅为主要原料，通过固相合成方法制备了锆铁红色料。研究了不同铁化合物及用量、球磨时间、合成温度、矿化剂的种类及用量对锆铁色料呈色的影响。通过试验制备出适应釉烧温度在1200℃以上的锆铁红陶瓷色料。     

含镍的SiO2溶胶-凝胶的制备

以正硅酸乙酯 (TEOS)为原料、草酸 (C2 H2 O4)为催化剂 ,通过水解、缩聚反应制成了含镍的二氧化硅溶胶 -凝胶。探讨了温度及草酸、水、乙醇的用量对正硅酸乙酯水解过程的影响。结果表明 ,制备含镍的SiO2 溶胶 -凝胶的最佳工艺是 :n(TEOS)∶n(C2 H5OH)∶n(H2 O)∶n(C2 H2 O4) =1∶4∶8∶0 8× 10 -4～ 16×10 -4,n(H2 O) /n(TEOS) =4～ 18,n(C2 H5OH) /n(H2 O) =1～ 2 ;水解温度 30～ 4 0℃。     

溶胶—凝胶法制备锆铁红颜料主要工艺条件的优选探讨

通过对用溶胶凝胶法在低温下合成锆铁红颜料试验结果的分析，提出了Si（C2H5O4)的预水解，发色剂与矿化剂的引入以及颜料烧成工艺过程优选控制参数。确定了颜料的主晶相。     

锆钛酸钡钙的结构与铁电光学性能研究

通过溶胶凝胶法,在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si衬底和ITO导电玻璃衬底上分别制备了BaTiO3(BTO)、(Ba0.85Ca0.15)TiO3(BCT)、Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3(BZT)和(Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3(BCZT)薄膜.X射线衍射结果表示,Ca、Zr元素成功掺入钛酸钡薄膜,并且造成了衍射峰的移动,对薄膜的铁电性能有较大的提升.同时用积分球光谱仪测试了薄膜的吸收光谱,通过计算得到薄膜的禁带宽度.结果 表明锆钛酸钡钙薄膜具有较小的光学带隙为3.1 eV.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。