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众所周知,有中、长期保存价值的加工后的照相记录材料要取得令人满意的贮存效果,必须具备三方面的要求: (1) 照相材料本身质量稳定; (2) 冲洗加工条件合适; (3) 贮存条件良好。 相似文献
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概述了90年代以来影像技术领域中的新成就和数字化成像体系的特点,指出了传统照相有机物概念的局限性,提出了一个照相有机物的新概念,介绍了几种新成像材料和所涉及的照相有机物。 相似文献
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长期保存底片的新途径 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文综述了有关照相底片老化和长期保存的研究,经世界一些著名的研究机构研究论定.黑白卤化银材料是档案保存最安全、最没有风险、最便宜、最保真的一种形像媒体,可在适宜的环境条件下长期保存.本文扼要阐述了影响底片老化的主要物理、化学和生物因素,并提出了底片长期保存的具体措施。 相似文献
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酞酰化明胶可以作为照相乳剂第一成熟后卤化银的沉降剂。由于这种改性的明胶直接结合在乳剂颗粒表面上,因此,要了解它对照相材料保存性有哪些影响是十分重要的。酞酰化明胶可以用惰性明胶制取,但是用于高感度胶片的酞酰化明胶,要用丙酮作 相似文献
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图书资料、文物档案部门,利用黑白照相材料记录绝版书刊、文物档案;公安部门则用以记录刑事罪证、以及印制国民身份证照片等。这些黑白照相材料都做为重要档案长期保存,要求三十年内不变黄,不褪色。但影响黑白照相材料保存性的因素很多,诸如空气中的污染性气体、存放照相材料的条件、胶片或相纸接触含有害物质的纸张或塑料等等。这些方面需针对具体情况研究解 相似文献
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本文概述了90年代以来影像技术领域中的新成就和数字化成像体系的特点,指出了传统照相有机物概念的局限性,提出了一个照相有机物的新概念,介绍了几种新成像材料和所涉及的照相有机物。 相似文献
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一、引言卤化银照相乳剂层在保存期间,其照相性能发生变化(即所谓照相乳剂的老化),导致感光度降低,灰雾密度增长。以致感光材料不合使用要求,因此研究影响照相乳剂稳定性的因素是很重要的。影响照相乳剂稳定性的因素很多,有的来自外界,如保存时的温度、湿度、与乳剂层接触的气氛等;还有,如照相乳剂的组成、类型、制备乳剂的 pH、pBr 值以及加入乳剂中的补加剂——化学增感剂、光谱增感剂、稳定剂等等。这是影响照相乳剂的内 相似文献
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本文主要介绍了几种具有提高漂银能力的共聚物的合成方法和它们在彩色照相乳剂中的使用方法,并用实例说明加入这些共聚物的彩色照相材料在漂白加工中具有消除残留金属银的能力。 相似文献
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E. M. Hendriks 《International Journal of Thermophysics》1989,10(1):61-73
In phase equilibrium problems, the thermodynamic model used often contains a small parameter. For example, for cubic equations of state the interaction coefficients occurring in van der Waals-type mixing rules are often numerically small. The small parameter (?) enters the model then via the formula $$a = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {\sum\limits_{j = 1}^n {x_i x_j \sqrt {a_i a_j } (1 - \varepsilon \theta _{ij} )} }$$ Other examples include mixtures with compounds whose characteristic parameters cover a narrow range, diluted solutions, small amounts of polydisperse material in a solvent, and so on. In this paper we develop a general scheme to obtain the solution of thermodynamic problems such as the prediction of phase equilibria, using an expansion in the small parameter ε. We also give a method to obtain a suitable zero-order (? = 0) system. The perturbation scheme may be helpful in the solution of difficult problems or as a tool in a sensitivity analysis. As an example we apply it to multicomponent mixtures, described through a two-parameter equation of state with small interaction coefficients. We show that for that case, if the number of components is large, it leads to computational savings. 相似文献
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The long-term destabilization process of a water-in-oil emulsion was investigated with two different biodemulsifiers produced under different culture conditions by Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1. Biodemulsifier I was obtained by using paraffin as substrate at initial culture pH of 10 and biodemulsifier II was produced with waste frying oils at pH of 7. The former exhibited higher demulsifying ability and interfacial activity than the latter. Bottle test, microscopy and Turbiscan Lab(?) Expert were used to investigate the biological demulsification process. It was found that biodemulsifiers' ability to decrease the interfacial tension played a more important role in demulsification than their ability to decrease the surface tension. Owing to their amphiphilic nature, demulsification process began with the adsorption of the biodemulsifiers onto the water-oil interface. Then the biodemulsifiers reacted with the emulsifiers because of their interfacial activity. As a result, thin liquid film was removed from the surface of dispersed droplets and coalescence occurred. This led to the settling of the dispersed droplets and the clarification of the continuous phase. Turbiscan Lab(?) Expert can be used to evaluate the demulsification efficiency and to analyze the destabilization process of different biodemulsifiers. It is a rapid and accurate method to screen high-efficiency demulsifiers from other bioproducts. 相似文献
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本文在SiO2/M(M=Fe,Co,i)复合气凝胶骨架上采用气相催化裂解乙炔的方法合成出SiO2/C/M气凝胶纳米复合材料,用扫描电镜、比表面分析仪、激光导热仪等对材料的结构和物理性能进行了表征,并初步测试了其电磁吸波性能.结果表明,在SiO2/C/M气凝胶纳米复合材料中,碳元素一般以纤维形式均匀分布于气凝胶骨架中,该材料具有低密度,低热导率().05~0.2W/mk),在2mm厚度,8-18GHz的范围内有一定的吸波性能,且吸波性能随频率升高而增加. 相似文献
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The microstructure of both {10(?)1} and{10(?)0} (directions perpendicular to the {10(?)1}and {10(?)0} planes) α-Si_3N_4 whiskers were investi-gated by high resolution electron microscopy(HREM).On one side of the {10(?)1}α-Si_3N_4 whiskers many planar defects were ob-served,two kinds of micrograins on one side of the{10(?)0} whiskers were found.In one type,sepa-rated α-Si_3N_4 (28 H) micrograins had the sameorientation with respect to the matrix whisker;inthe other type,connected polymicrograins consistedof both α-and β-Si_3N_4 (14H). 相似文献
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