基于卷积神经网络的LDR图像重建HDR图像的方法研究

目的为了在高动态范围成像技术中更简单、有效地拓展图像的动态范围,提出一种基于低动态(LDR)图像重建高动态(HDR)图像的算法。方法基于扩张卷积层的卷积深度神经网络模型,提出一种根据相同场景中各种照明与曝光的LDR图像组来建立HDR图像新模型的图像融合算法。结果通过所提出的LDR和不同比特深度HDR映射关系,采用链式结构完成了从LDR图像到HDR图像的重建。结论通过拟建的HDRI模型,拓宽了图像的动态范围,并提高了物理光信息恢复能力。与传统算法相比,该研究所提出的方法能减少运算量,能较好地还原高动态范围场景。     

薄层螺旋CT诊断眼眶内侧壁骨折的应用价值

目的：探讨薄层螺旋CT诊断眶内侧壁骨折的应用价值。方法：对53例患者或志愿者行常规轴位及薄层轴位、冠位扫描。分别将常规轴位扫描图像与薄层轴位扫描图像及薄层冠位扫描图像与轴位薄层扫描MPR冠状位重建图像进行比较。结果：前组图像对病变显示率二者有明显差异（P〈0．001），后组无明显差异。结论：仅薄层CT扫描即可精确诊断眶内侧壁骨折，尤以轴位图像显示为佳。     

薄层螺旋CT诊断眼眶内侧壁骨折的应用价值

目的:探讨薄层螺旋CT诊断眶内侧壁骨折的应用价值.方法:对53例患者或志愿者行常规轴位及薄层轴位、冠位扫描.分别将常规轴位扫描图像与薄层轴位扫描图像及薄层冠位扫描图像与轴位薄层扫描MPR冠状位重建图像进行比较.结果:前组图像对病变显示率二者有明显差异(P＜0.001),后组无明显差异.结论:仅薄层CT扫描即可精确诊断眶内侧壁骨折,尤以轴位图像显示为佳.     

薄层螺旋CT诊断眼眶内侧壁骨折的应用价值

目的:探讨薄层螺旋CT诊断眶内侧壁骨折的应用价值。方法:对53例患者或志愿者行常规轴位及薄层轴位、冠位扫描。分别将常规轴位扫描图像与薄层轴位扫描图像及薄层冠位扫描图像与轴位薄层扫描MPR冠状位重建图像进行比较。结果:前组图像对病变显示率二者有明显差异(P<0．001),后组无明显差异。结论:仅薄层CT扫描即可精确诊断眶内侧壁骨折,尤以轴位图像显示为佳。     

小波多辨率CT成像及处理算法

分析了小波变换进行低分辨率快速图像轮廓重构和局部区域精确重构的算法。在这种算法中，滤波器与小波有关，从而可由反投影得到各种小波图像。通过小波多尺度分析和小波系数控制，提出一种简单算法进行图像增强和噪声去除。与标准的算法相比，该算法提高了重建速度和图像精度。     

摄像中的超分辨率图像重建算法研究

超分辨率图像重建技术就是利用信号处理的方法,从多幅低分辨率图像中提取更多细节信息,重建出一幅或多幅高分辨率图像的技术。文章介绍了超分辨率图像重建的概念,并且探讨超分辨率图像重建的意义和需求,然后着重研究了目前的几种主要超分辨率图像重建算法,并讨论了关于目前超分辨率图像重建算法的一些思考。     

CCD高分辨成像的梯度解析法

基于序列图像重建的高分辨成像技术需要获取互有位移的序列图像,并需利用图像重建算法进行高分辨率图像重建。为此,设计了一种利用压电陶瓷体控制CCD位移来获取互有微小位移的序列图像的装置,在此基础上提出了一种基于梯度理论从序列图像重建高分辨率图像的算法——梯度解析法。该解析法根据图像灰度场梯度理论,同时考虑了图像的更高频成分,提高了重建图像分辨率。仿真实验显示,该算法与已有算法相比,重建图像的失真度降低40％以上。     

基于图像自相似性及字典学习的超分辨率重建算法

图像超分辨率重建技术在重构图像细节,改善图像视觉效果等方面起着重要作用.为了提高超分辨率图像的重构质量,本文结合图像自身和自然图像库信息进行超分辨率重建.先利用图像在不同尺度的自相似性,形成图像金字塔,只用单幅低分辨率图像进行超分辨率重建;然后利用自然图像库进行字典学习并以初步得到的重建图像作为输入再次处理;在图像后处理时,利用图像非局部相似性和迭代反投影,进一步提高重建效果.实验结果表明,本文的方法与其它几种基于学习的超分辨率算法比较,无论主观视觉效果上还是峰值信噪比上都有明显提高.     

基于小波融合的电容层析成像图像重建

提出了基于小波变换的电容层析成像重建图像融合方法。首先,使用共轭梯度最小二乘法算法及Landweber迭代算法分别进行图像重建;其次,将所得重建图像进行小波分解,其近似分量按加权平均的融合规则进行处理,细节分量按绝对值最大融合规则进行处理;最后,将融合之后的数据进行小波重构,获得新的重建图像。仿真及实验结果表明,融合后的重建图像精度有所提高、图像伪影明显减少。     

基于聚类和协同表示的超分辨率重建

图像超分辨率重建是利用单幅或多幅降质的低分辨率图像重建得到高分辨率图像,以提高图像的视觉效果并获得更多可用的信息。本文提出结合图像特征聚类和协同表示的超分辨率重建方法。在训练阶段根据图像的特征信息对图像样本进行聚类并利用图像特征的差异性训练不同的字典,克服了传统训练单个字典方法对图像特征表示不足的缺点。而且利用协同表示方法求得不同聚类的高、低分辨率图像样本之间的映射矩阵,提高了图像重建速度。实验表明,本文方法与其他方法相比,不仅提高了重建图像的PSNR和SSIM指标,而且改善了视觉效果。     

基于背景图像的视频图像压缩感知重构关键技术研究

目的针对视频序列相邻帧图像之间的相关性,提出了基于帧间差分的背景图像的视频图像重构算法。方法利用前2帧的重构图像求得背景图像,作为下一帧图像重构的先验知识。结果明显提高了重构图像的质量,同时也减少了重构图像所需时间。结论将帧间差分法与压缩感知重构算法相结合得到的视频重构算法,在视频图像重构的质量和速度上都有明显优势。     

基于生成对抗网络的压缩感知图像重构方法

目的为了解决传统压缩感知图像重构方法存在的重构时间长、重构图像质量不高等问题,提出一种基于生成对抗网络的压缩感知图像重构方法。方法基于生成对抗网络思想设计一种由具有稀疏采样功能的鉴别器和具有图像重构功能的生成器组成的深度学习网络模型,利用对抗损失和重构损失2个部分组成的新的损失函数对网络参数进行优化,完成图像压缩重构过程。结果实验表明,文中方法在12.5%的低采样率下重构时间为0.009s,相较于常用的OMP算法、CoSaMP算法、SP算法和IRLS算法,其峰值信噪比(PSNR)提高了10～12 dB。结论文中设计的方法应用于图像重构时重构时间短,在低采样率下仍能获得高质量的重构效果。     

基于不同分色原理的图像传感器类别及其应用特点

首先本文分析了以拜尔传感器为代表的滤色片阵传感器的分色原理和性能特点,介绍了基于像素插补的图像重建方式,然后介绍了无需像素重建的条形滤色片分色和利用硅晶体透射特性分色的两种图像传感器。最后介绍的是利用光学棱镜进行分色处理的3CCD及3CMOS传感器的主要性能特点。     

Fast-updating and nonrepeating Lissajous image reconstruction method for capturing increased dynamic information

We present a fast-updating Lissajous image reconstruction methodology that uses an increased image frame rate beyond the pattern repeat rate generally used in conventional Lissajous image reconstruction methods. The fast display rate provides increased dynamic information and reduced motion blur, as compared to conventional Lissajous reconstruction, at the cost of single-frame pixel density. Importantly, this method does not discard any information from the conventional Lissajous image reconstruction, and frames from the complete Lissajous pattern can be displayed simultaneously. We present the theoretical background for this image reconstruction methodology along with images and video taken using the algorithm in a custom-built miniaturized multiphoton microscopy system.     

Accurate image reconstruction from few-view and limited-angle data in diffraction tomography

We present a method for obtaining accurate image reconstruction from highly sparse data in diffraction tomography (DT). A practical need exists for reconstruction from few-view and limited-angle data, as this can greatly reduce required scan times in DT. Our method does this by minimizing the total variation (TV) of the estimated image, subject to the constraint that the Fourier transform of the estimated image matches the measured Fourier data samples. Using simulation studies, we show that the TV-minimization algorithm allows accurate reconstruction in a variety of few-view and limited-angle situations in DT. Accurate image reconstruction is obtained from far fewer data samples than are required by common algorithms such as the filtered-backpropagation algorithm. Overall our results indicate that the TV-minimization algorithm can be successfully applied to DT image reconstruction under a variety of scan configurations and data conditions of practical significance.     

Three dimension reconstruction through measure-based image selection

Three dimension (3D) reconstruction is one of the research focus of computer vision and widely applied in various fields. The main steps of 3D reconstruction include image acquisition, feature point extraction and matching, camera calibration and production of dense 3D scene models. Generally, not all the input images are useful for camera calibration because some images contain similar and redundant visual information. These images can even reduce the calibration accuracy. In this paper, we propose an effective image selection method to improve the accuracy of camera calibration. Then a new 3D reconstruction algorithm is proposed by adding the image selection step to 3D reconstruction. The image selection method uses structure-from-motion algorithm to estimate the position and attitude of each camera, first. Then the contributed value to 3D reconstruction of each image is calculated. Finally, images are selected according to the contributed value of each image and their effects on the contributed values of other images. Experimental results show that our image selection algorithm can improve the accuracy of camera calibration and the 3D reconstruction algorithm proposed in this paper can get better dense 3D models than the normal algorithm without image selection.     

Image reconstruction algorithm based on the extended regularised total least squares method for electrical capacitance tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a non-invasive imaging technology that aims at the visualisation of the cross-sectional permittivity distribution of a dielectric object based on the measured capacitance data. Successful applications of ECT depend greatly on the precision and speed of the image reconstruction algorithms. ECT image reconstruction is a typical ill-posed problem, and its solution is unstable, that is, the solution is sensitive to noises in the input data. Methods that ensure the stability of a solution while enhancing the quality of the reconstructed images should be used to obtain a meaningful reconstruction result. An image reconstruction algorithm based on the regularised total least squares (TLS) method that considers the errors in both the sensitivity field matrix and the capacitance data for ECT is presented. The regularised TLS method is extended using a combination robust estimation technique and an extended stabilising functional according to the ill-posed characteristics of ECT, which transforms the image reconstruction problem into an optimisation problem. In addition, the Newton algorithm is employed to solve the objective functional. Numerical simulations indicate that the algorithm is feasible and overcomes the numerical instability of ECT image reconstruction; for the cases of the reconstructed objects considered here, the spatial resolution of the reconstructed images obtained using the algorithm is enhanced; as a result, an efficient method for ECT image reconstruction is introduced.     

超拉普拉斯重叠组稀疏先验的稀疏角度CT重建

对于稀疏角度下的投影数据,计算机断层扫描在图像重建中容易出现伪影和噪声较多的问题,难以满足工业及医学诊断要求。本文提出一种基于重叠组稀疏和超拉普拉斯先验的稀疏角度CT迭代图像重建算法。其中重叠组稀疏反映图像梯度稀疏性,从图像梯度的角度考虑相邻元素之间互相重叠交叉的关系。而超拉普拉斯先验能够精确地近似图像梯度的重尾分布,能够使得重建图像整体的质量提升。本文提出的算法模型采用交替方向乘子法,主分量最小化法和梯度下降法求解目标函数。实验结果表明,在稀疏角度CT重建的条件下,本文提出的算法在保留结构细节、抑制图像重建过程中产生的噪声和阶梯伪影方面有着一定的改善。

     

3-D ultrasound volume reconstruction using the direct frame interpolation method

A new method for 3-D ultrasound volume reconstruction using tracked freehand 3-D ultrasound is proposed. The method is based on solving the forward volume reconstruction problem using direct interpolation of high-resolution ultrasound B-mode image frames. A series of ultrasound B-mode image frames (an image series) is acquired using the freehand scanning technique and position sensing via optical tracking equipment. The proposed algorithm creates additional intermediate image frames by directly interpolating between two or more adjacent image frames of the original image series. The target volume is filled using the original frames in combination with the additionally constructed frames. Compared with conventional volume reconstruction methods, no additional filling of empty voxels or holes within the volume is required, because the whole extent of the volume is defined by the arrangement of the original and the additionally constructed B-mode image frames. The proposed direct frame interpolation (DFI) method was tested on two different data sets acquired while scanning the head and neck region of different patients. The first data set consisted of eight B-mode 2-D frame sets acquired under optimal laboratory conditions. The second data set consisted of 73 image series acquired during a clinical study. Sample volumes were reconstructed for all 81 image series using the proposed DFI method with four different interpolation orders, as well as with the pixel nearest-neighbor method using three different interpolation neighborhoods. In addition, volumes based on a reduced number of image frames were reconstructed for comparison of the different methods' accuracy and robustness in reconstructing image data that lies between the original image frames. The DFI method is based on a forward approach making use of a priori information about the position and shape of the B-mode image frames (e.g., masking information) to optimize the reconstruction procedure and to reduce computation times and memory requirements. The method is straightforward, independent of additional input or parameters, and uses the high-resolution B-mode image frames instead of usually lower-resolution voxel information for interpolation. The DFI method can be considered as a valuable alternative to conventional 3-D ultrasound reconstruction methods based on pixel or voxel nearest-neighbor approaches, offering better quality and competitive reconstruction time.     

一种新的超分辨率图像重建算法

超分辨率重建是提高图像分辨率的一种方法.根据图像分层变换和插值处理的特点,提出了一种将分层子带变换S+P变换(序列变换加预测运算)和插值算法相结合的超分辨率重建算法.该方法首先对图像序列进行运动估计和运动补偿,然后再对配准后的图像序列进行S+P变换,并对分解得到的高频子带进行插值,最后通过S+P逆变换得到超分辨率图像....