采煤驱动下峰峰矿区奥灰水中氢氧同位素漂移特征研究*

为了综合评估采煤驱动下奥灰水中氢氧同位素的漂移特征,本文分别采集了峰峰矿区不同径流区的奥灰水样品27件,通过分析氢氧同位素D和₁₈O的漂移特征和水-岩作用,阐明了其漂移过程。研究结果表明：煤矿开采后,南部径流区,奥灰水中的氢氧同位素组成呈背景特征,未发生漂移现象。东部径流区,同位素D漂移现象显著,漂移率为57.14％,部分样品D和₁₈O双项漂移。北部径流区,同位素D和₁₈O双项漂移明显,漂移率为27.27％。同位素D漂移与奥灰水和硅酸盐矿物的水岩反应有关,水-岩相互作用中伴随有同位素D的交换平衡反应。同位素₁₈O漂移与奥灰水和碳酸盐矿物的水岩反应有关,水-岩反应伴随有同位素₁₈O的交换平衡反应。D和₁₈O的双项漂移现象的发生则是奥灰水与碳酸盐和硅酸盐水-岩反应共同作用的结果。     

环境同位素在张双楼煤矿放水试验中的应用

根据氧－１８、氘、氚同位素在张双楼煤矿９某底板太原组４灰放水试验中的变化情况，分析了大气降水与矿井地下水的关系、矿井地下水的相对年龄以及矿井各含水层的水力联系，为煤矿防治水提供了依据。     

焦作矿区地下水中氢氧同位素分析

为确定焦作矿区地下水来源,系统采取并测定了各种水体（泉水、地表水、第四系水、砂岩水、太灰水和奥灰水）的氢氧同位素（δ 18 O,δ 2 H, 3 H）和常规水化学离子,得到了矿区浅层孔隙水和深层裂隙水δD-δ 18 O组成关系,对比分析地下水、地表水和泉水的δ 18 O,δ 2 H, 3 H及Cl - ,TDS特征.结果表明：矿区深层地下水主要接受山区岩溶水的侧向补给,补给高程及区域为海拔400~800 m的碳酸盐岩裸露区;当地降水为浅层地下水的主要补给来源;西部矿区地下水的70%来源于丹河水的泄漏;煤矿区地下水D漂移特征明显,形成机理是地下水与烃基和H2 S交换作用的结果。     

峰峰矿区奥灰水中氢氧同位素漂移特征分析

为了综合评估采煤驱动下奥灰水中氢氧同位素的漂移特征,本文分别采集了峰峰矿区不同径流区的奥灰水样品27件,通过分析氢氧同位素D和18 O的漂移特征和水-岩作用,阐明了其漂移过程。研究结果表明:煤矿开采后,南部径流区,奥灰水中的氢氧同位素组成呈背景特征,未发生漂移现象;东部径流区,同位素D漂移现象显著,漂移率为57.14%,部分样品D和18 O双项漂移;北部径流区,同位素D和18 O双项漂移明显,漂移率为27.27%;同位素D漂移与奥灰水和硅酸盐矿物的水岩反应有关,水-岩相互作用中伴随有同位素D的交换平衡反应;同位素18 O漂移与奥灰水和碳酸盐矿物的水岩反应有关,水-岩反应伴随有同位素18 O的交换平衡反应;D和18 O的双项漂移现象的发生则是奥灰水与碳酸盐和硅酸盐水-岩反应共同作用的结果。     

湖北省九路寨生态旅游区岩溶水水化学特征及其形成机制研究

岩溶水对于维持生态平衡具有指示意义。以湖北省九路寨生态旅游区为例,在划分岩溶水含水层基础上,系统采集岩溶水样品,采用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、主要离子比值、H-O同位素和Sr同位素方法,分析岩溶水水化学特征及形成机制。结果表明,研究区岩溶水含水层可概化为奥陶系—寒武系含水层、寒武系含水层和震旦系含水层等3层;岩溶水属弱碱性淡水,水化学类型主要为HCO₃-Ca·Mg型,δ²H为-62.63‰～-52.54‰,δ¹⁸O为-9.63‰～-7.90‰,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值为0.708 772～0.725 915。综合分析认为,岩溶水补给来源为大气降水,其水化学组分主要受控于岩石风化作用,在径流过程中与含水层岩石矿物(以灰岩为主,白云岩、硅酸盐岩次之)发生了显著的水岩作用。     

潘谢矿区深部灰岩水离子来源解析与水循环示踪

采集潘谢矿区太灰水和奥灰水共28个水样,通过Piper三线图、因子分析、离子比例系数及氢氧稳定同位素分析,研究矿区深层灰岩地下水离子成分特征及其来源,揭示水岩相互作用与水循环。结果表明:①研究区太灰水为低矿化度水,水化学类型主要为HCO3-Na型和Cl-Na型;奥灰水为高矿化度水,水化学类型主要为Cl-Na型;两含水层为碱性水,常规离子变异系数较小,水环境较为稳定;②太灰水中Na+不仅来源于蒸发岩的溶解,还来源于硅酸盐矿物的风化作用,奥灰水中水岩交互作用以蒸发岩溶解为主;两含水层均发生了阳离子交替吸附作用,太灰水的交替吸附比奥灰水强烈;③太灰水和奥灰水主要源于暖季大气降水的入渗补给,氘盈余均低于全球大气降水氘盈余平均值(10‰),蒸发作用不强烈,空气相对湿度高。     

山西沁水盆地南部太原组煤储层产出水氢氧同位素特征

为了研究沁水盆地南部太原组15号煤储层及其顶板灰岩的含水特征及水动力条件,从沁水盆地南部柿庄地区采集了煤层气井排出水、矿井下的煤层水与煤层顶板灰岩水、地表水共51个水样进行氢氧同位素及主要离子浓度测定。结果表明：目前排采15号煤的煤层气井排出水是煤层水和煤层顶板灰岩水的混合水。15号煤储层和顶板灰岩裂隙含水层之间存在较强的水力联系,煤层在排水过程中接受灰岩水的大量补给。煤层顶板灰岩裂隙含水层封闭性较差,水在灰岩裂隙中径流速度较快。煤层顶板灰岩水表现出 18O漂移的特点,排采15号煤的煤层气井排出水既表现出 18O漂移特点,也表现出D漂移特点,而排采3号煤的煤层气井排出水则主要表现出D漂移特点。煤层气井排出水的δD和δ18O值都与矿化度TDS呈现出一定的正相关性,δD和δ18O值也可以作为判断煤层水径流条件的参考因素。     

同位素方法在判定某水电站坝址河床承压水补给源中的应用

某水电站坝址工程勘察论证时,河床部位钻孔揭示存在基岩裂隙性承压水,判定其补给来源对大坝坝基采取相应的防渗工程措施具有关键技术意义.依据稳定同位素和放射性同位素能对水起着标记作用,通过承压水等天然水同位素,包括氘(δD)、氧(δ18O)、氚(3H)、硫(δ34S)的测试和成果分析,为判定河床承压水补给来源提供了有力的证据.研究结果表明:坝址河床承压水来源于左岸大气降水入渗,补给源高程在1 000～1 350m之间.同位素方法在该水电站坝址河床承压水补给源研究中获得了满意的效果.     

(增刊投稿)鄂尔多斯盆地北部地下水环境同位素时空分布特征及其指示意义

在野外采样的基础上,通过测试分析不同地段、不同深度含水层中的环境同位素(δ18O-δD)特征,结合实际水文地质条件,分析了研究区地下水的补径排关系 。结果表明：研究区内地下水主要接受大气降水补给,各含水层的垂向水力联系较弱;在垂向上氘氧同位素具有明显的分层性特点,总体上表现为随着地下水埋藏深度的加大,地下水的δ18O、δD值逐渐偏负;通过氘过量分析表明各含水层均受到了现今大气降水影响。     

基于水化学特征组分测试的陷落柱突水水源判别

为了查清煤层底板陷落柱的水文地球化学特征,以山西某矿大巷掘进探水过程中发现的陷落柱突水为研究对象,采用常规水质分析、特征元素含量测定和三维荧光光谱分析手段,开展了太灰水、奥灰水和陷落柱水的水化学特征组分测试。结果表明,常规水质组分中pH值、总硬度、溶解性总固体、硫酸盐、钙、钴、锰、锶反映出陷落柱水与奥灰水关系更密切,其他指标数值介于太灰与奥灰之间,反映出奥灰、太灰混合水特征。陷落柱水中有机质聚集,水动力条件弱,与上下含水层水交换较弱;DOM荧光强度最高,特别是Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区荧光峰强度,太灰水和奥灰水中荧光强度相对较弱,表明陷落柱空间自成生态系统,碳源相对丰富。利用常规组分、特征元素和有机组分,可以很好地区分出陷落柱水与其他水源的水化学特征。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

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矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586