氮官能化多锂引发合成星形苯乙烯-戊二烯-二烯共聚物的微观结构和玻璃化转变温度

以六亚甲基亚胺锂（LHMI）与二乙烯基苯（DVB）合成的氮官能化多锂（简称Li）为引发剂，N，N，N’，N’-四甲基乙二胺（TMEDA）为极性调节剂，环己烷为溶剂，制备了带有氮官能化基团的星形无规苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯共聚物（SIBR），用核磁共振法进行了表征，并分析了TMEDA用量、聚合温度、引发剂浓度及DVB/Li（摩尔比）对SIBR微观结构和玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的影响。结果表明，在DVB/LHMI（摩尔比）为0．8的条件下，SIBR中有C-N存在，并且为臂数不等的星形聚合物；随着TMEDA用量的增加和聚合温度的降低，SIBR中非l，4-结构含量增加，Tg提高；在实验范围内引发剂浓度和DVB/Li对SIBR中非1，4-结构含量和其，Tg影响不大。     

氮官能化多锂引发丁二烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯聚合动力学

以自制氮官能化多锂(以下简称Li)为引发剂,N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)为极性调节剂,环己烷为溶剂,对苯乙烯(St)、异戊二烯(Ip)、丁二烯(Bd)进行负离子聚合,合成了星形集成橡胶丁二烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(SIBR),研究了不同TMEDA/Li(摩尔比)下SIBR的聚合反应动力学。结果表明,在三元共聚合反应中,3种单体的反应速率与其各自浓度均符合一级动力学关系;在SIBR的合成体系中,随着TMEDA/Li的增大,Bd的反应速率常数先升高后降低,St的反应速率常数逐渐增加,Ip的反应速率常数逐渐降低;当TMEDA/Li为1·0、二乙烯基苯(DVB)/Li(摩尔比)为0·8、引发剂浓度为7·69×10-4mol/L时,单体Bd,Ip,St的表观增长反应活化能分别为31·59,47·64,31·76kJ/mol,链增长频率因子分别为1·02×104,1·09×106,5·27×103min-1。     

星形苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯无规共聚物微观结构的控制

采用多官能度有机锂引发剂一步法合成了星形无规苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯共聚物（SIBR）。结果表明,随着极性调节剂用量的增加,共聚物中1,2-PB,3,4-PI结构含量上升,同时共聚组成更加趋于单体组成。在聚合过程中,平均官能度的提高对微观结构含量影响不大。     

用氮锂引发剂合成端基官能化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物

研究了六亚甲基亚胺基锂、氮锂和正丁基锂引发剂引发苯乙烯的聚合速率,合成了端基官能化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段聚合物（SBS）。结果表明,在设计相对分子质量相同的情况下。随着四氢呋喃加入量的增加,端基官能化SBS的1,2-结构质量分数增加,顺式-1,4-结构和反式-1,4-结构质量分数下降,但两者比值基本不变。相同条件下,用氮锂引发剂制备的端基官能化SBS的1,2-结构质量分数要略高于用正丁基锂引发剂制备的SBS。     

以西弗碱为封端剂原位合成官能化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物

合成了西弗碱(N,N一二甲氨基苯甲醛缩苯胺,DMABA),用负离子原位聚合法合成了末端官能化苯乙烯-丁二烯-笨乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS),用模型聚合物的方法研究了DMABA与聚苯乙烯(PS)活性种的定量反应关系,以及反应温度、PS数均相对分子质量(M.)对官能度的影响,并对官能化聚合物进行了分析表征.结果表明,DMABA能和Ps活性种等摩尔进行反应,反应温度以及PS活性种的M.对聚合物的官能度影响不大;以DMABA为封端剂,n-BuLi或六亚甲基亚胺锂为引发剂,可以制得高官能度的w-SBS或a,w-双端官能化SBS,在提高SBS极性的同时,对SBS的相对分子质量分布及微观结构影响不大.     

3种星形苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元共聚物的结构与性能

以多官能度锂(简称Li)为引发剂,在不同条件下合成了3种星形苯乙烯(St)-异戊二烯(Ip)-丁二烯(Bd)三元共聚物,分析了共聚物的结构。结果表明,两次投料法的产物为两嵌段共聚物,低R[四氢呋喃(THF)与Li的摩尔比]值合成的聚异戊二烯(PI)链段的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为-58.3℃,1,4-结构为83.8%;高R值合成的无规共聚段的Tg为-36.2℃。低R值一次投料法产物为多嵌段共聚物,-69℃为Bd-Ip无规共聚段的Tg,1,4-结构含量高;22.7℃为Ip-St共聚段的Tg,含摩尔分数为6.6%的PS嵌段。高R值一次投料法的产物为三元无规共聚物,1,4-结构含量低,只有1个Tg,为-28.9℃。     

用大分子多官能团引发剂合成杂臂星形苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯共聚物(英文)

采用负离子聚合技术,将合成的二烯烃活性链与SnCl4偶联,再与双锂短链偶联,制备出含碳锡键的大分子多官能团引发剂,并用其制备了2种杂臂星形苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯共聚物.结果表明,杂臂星形共聚物的偶联度可达80%.在聚异戊二烯(PI)-Sn-[丁苯橡胶(SBR)]3的PI臂中,1,4-结构摩尔分数为93.3%;在无规共聚SBR臂中,聚苯乙烯摩尔分数为28.8%,PI和SBR臂的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)分别为-91.3 ℃和-31.4 ℃.在聚丁二烯(PB)-Sn-(SBR)3的PB臂中,1,4-结构摩尔分数为90.1%;在无规共聚SBR臂中,聚苯乙烯摩尔分数为25.6%,PB和SBR臂的Tg分别为-87.9 ℃和-48.0 ℃.     

星形杂臂异戊二烯-丁二烯/苯乙烯橡胶的合成与性能

采用异戊二烯聚合-二乙烯基苯(DVB)偶联-再引发丁二烯/苯乙烯聚合的方法合成了具有星形杂臂结构的异戊二烯-丁二烯/苯乙烯橡胶(s-ISBR).结果表明,DVB偶联效率可达60%,通过调节DVB用量可将臂数控制在2.6～6.1.采用四氢呋喃(THF)、1,1,4,7,7-五甲基二乙烯基三胺(PMDETA)或其复合体系可将3.4-PI,1.2-PB摩尔分数分别控制在8%～29% 和11%～65%.s-ISBR具有较高的撕裂强度和低的滚动阻力.     

用偶联法合成极性官能化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物

以环己烷为溶剂、正丁基锂为引发剂、环氧氯丙烷为偶联剂合成了极性官能化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS),研究了偶联剂用量、偶联反应的温度和时间及苯乙烯-丁二烯活性双嵌段聚合物(SB)的分子量对偶联反应的影响,以及偶联效率对极性官能化SBS力学性能的影响。结果表明,偶联效率随偶联剂用量增加和偶联温度升高而先升高后降低;随着SB数均分子量的增大,偶联效率逐渐降低。当偶联剂与正丁基锂的摩尔比为0. 6、偶联温度为80～90℃时偶联效率最大,可达80%以上,且偶联反应可在5 min内完成。极性官能化SBS的力学性能要优于市售线型SBS。     

Microstructure and glass‐transition temperature of novel star N‐SIBR

In this study, a polymeric N‐functionalized mutilithium (N‐M‐Li) compound was prepared from commercial divinylbenzene (DVB) and lithiohexamethyleneimine (LHMI), and star‐shaped copoly(styrene–butadiene–isoprene) was obtained by anionic polymerization using preformed N‐M‐Li as initiator, tetramethylethlenediamine (TMEDA) as polar modifier, and cyclohexane as solvent. The microstructure and the glass–transition temperature (Tg) of copolymers were characterized by ¹H NMR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. It showed that the non‐1,4‐structure content and the Tg of copolymers increased with the increase of TMEDA dosage or the decrease of polymerization temperature; however, the effects of the initiator concentration and DVB dosage on them were not obvious. We also obtained the relationships between the non‐1,4‐structure content of copolymers and the Tg of copolymers respectively, and between the ln(T/Li) (TMEDA/N‐M‐Li, mole ratio) and the non‐1,4‐structure content of copolymers, as follows: Tg (°C) = 0.6258C_{non 1,4}?55.93 and C_{non 1,4} = 20.79 ln K+59.11, where K is T/Li value. Therefore on the basis of experimental results, we realize polymer design according to our practical requirements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5848–5853, 2006     

星形苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物结构与性能的关系

以环己烷为溶剂,苯乙烯(St)、丁二烯(Bd)、异戊二烯(Ip)为单体,正丁基锂为引发剂,采用负离子聚合法合成了集成橡胶———星形苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SIBR),考察了星形SIBR的相对分子质量、侧基含量、嵌段比(即Ip的均聚物链段与St-Bd的无规共聚物链段的质量比)与其性能的关系。结果表明,在考察范围内,星形SIBR的拉伸强度和撕裂强度随着其相对分子质量的增加而增大。随着1,2-和3,4-结构含量之和的增加,0℃和60℃时的损耗因子均有所增大。固定St/Bd(质量比)为1/3,随着嵌段比的逐渐降低,所得星形SIBR的门尼黏度逐渐增大;嵌段比为20/80时所得星形SIBR具有较好的力学性能与动态力学性能,且与溶聚丁苯橡胶2300、2305以及天然橡胶相比,具有更好的抗湿滑性和滚动阻力的平衡。     

Influence of alternating sequential fraction on the melting and glass transition temperatures of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer

The melting (T_m) and glass transition (T_g) temperatures of a series of ethylene (E)-tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymer (ETFE) have been found to show unique dependence on the TFE content with the minimal and maximal points. These behaviors have been interpreted successfully on the basis of the degree of alternation of E and TFE monomeric units along the skeletal chain. The melting point of a perfectly alternating copolymer is estimated to be 295 °C on the basis of the dependence of T_m using a modified Flory’s equation. The corresponding T_g was estimated as 145 °C by applying a modified Gibbs-Damnation’s equation.     

Thickness and composition dependence of the glass transition temperature in thin random copolymer films

Glass transition temperatures (T_g) of thin poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) and poly(2-vinyl pyridine-co-styrene) films coated on a native oxide surface of Si wafer (100) were measured by ellipsometry. The thickness dependence of T_g can be properly fitted by previously suggested equation developed for homopolymers, based upon a continuous multi-layer model, although one component in thin random copolymer films demonstrates a slightly favorable interaction between a substrate and thin film, and another demonstrates a strongly favorable interaction. Surface and interface have a strong influence on T_g of thin film coated on substrate: the surface has the effect of reducing T_g, whereas the interface increases the T_g according to the degree of interaction between a substrate and thin film. This degree of interaction can be quantified as an interaction parameter (k), and is dependent on the composition of random copolymers. For the estimation of k values of thin random copolymer films, we proposed a parallel type additive function (1/k_ran=w₁/k₁+w₂/k₂) where w is a weight fraction of component.     

粉末涂料的玻璃化温度

重点讨论了粉末涂料玻璃化温度、玻璃化转变理论,并对玻璃化温度与粉末涂料稳定性、熔融黏度、热应力、分子量、化学结构和聚合物的关系做了全面的阐述。     

Synthesis of well‐defined difunctional polydimethylsiloxane with an efficient dianionic initiator for ABA triblock copolymer

A new efficient dianionic initiator dipotassium diphenylsilanediolate (Ph₂Si(OK)₂) was synthesized by reacting diphenylsilanediol with potassium in the mixture of THF and benzene. The anionic ring‐opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄) or tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (D) initiated by Ph₂Si(OK)₂ was systematically investigated. A number of factors including the nature of initiators, promoters, and monomers, the molar ratio of promoter to initiator (C_p/C_i ratio) and monomer to initiator (C_m/C_i ratio) affect the polymerization remarkably. Using N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone as the promoter, a series of well‐defined difunctional H? Si‐terminated polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs) were prepared with high monomer conversion (> 90%) and relatively low polydispersity (< 1.6) at 30°C. By hydrosilation of the synthesized PDMS with ally end‐capped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), amphiphilic PEO‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PEO triblock copolymers with low polydispersities and high block purities were obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 153–159, 2007     

线型及星形端羟基聚丁二烯的合成与表征

以叔丁基二甲基硅氧基丙基锂为引发剂,丁二烯为单体,环己烷为溶剂,甲基三氯硅烷为偶联剂,采用活性负离子聚合法合成了线型端羟基聚丁二烯(L-HTPB)和星形端羟基聚丁二烯(S-HTPB),并用凝胶渗透色谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征。结果表明,采用该方法合成的2种聚丁二烯,其1,4-结构摩尔分数均接近90.00%,L-HTPB的平均官能度接近2.00,S-HTPB的平均官能度接近3.00,与分子设计值基本相符。