有源功率因数校正电路在电动叉车充电装置中的应用

为了解决电动叉车在充电过程中产生的谐波,提高电能利用效率,保证输出稳定的电压,设计了以UC3854芯片为核心的有源功率因数校正电路。采用抑制干扰强的双闭环控制方法,电流内环保证输入电流与输入电压同相位,电压外环保证输出电压的稳定。设计了电路拓扑结构,确定了电路元件参数,利用Matlab软件对系统进行了建模仿真。仿真结果显示:网侧输入端电流跟随输入电压变化且无相位差,网侧功率因数在0.99以上,电能传输效率大于97%,APFC电路的输出电压稳定,系统动态性能好,为充电系统中后续电路的供电质量提供可靠保障。     

悬臂梁单晶压电发电机的实验研究

建立了悬臂梁单晶压电振子的发电测试系统,对压电晶体与磷青铜基板材料的厚度比对单晶压电振子输出电压的影响进行了有限元分析,得出了压电晶体与磷青铜基板材料的最佳厚度比并进行了实验验证,同时对具有最佳厚度比的单晶压电振子进行了压电发电能力测试。研究结果表明,当压电晶体与磷青铜金属基板的最佳厚度比为0.5,单晶压电振子的输出电压最大,有限元分析与实验结果基本吻合。单晶压电振子输出电压随着负载的增大而随之增大,而输出功率并不随负载的增大而增大。压电振子存在一个最佳负载,当负载与压电振子内阻匹配时,此时的输出功率最大,能量转化效率最高。单晶压电振子在负载为50 时,输出电压最大可达5.4 ;当负载电阻为 时,负载与压电振子内阻匹配较好,输出功率达到最大为1.18 ,产生的能量能满足网络传感器等低耗能电子产品的供能需求。     

A High-Voltage Changer Based on Reverse Switch-on Dynistors

A changer of an input voltage of 2–4 kV into a stabilized output voltage of 300 V based on assemblies of high-voltage reverse switch-on dynistors (RSDs) is described. Highly efficient control circuits of RSD assemblies with the recuperation of the residual energy to the power source are considered. The results of an experimental study of an RSD changer with a 60-kW design output power are presented. A high efficiency of the changer (>90%) and very low energy losses in small-sized dynistors with 24-mm-diameter structures are obtained.     

电场能量采集器的最大输出功率追踪电路设计*

本文采用频率变换原理采集输电线周围电场能量,设计了一种能量采集电路,对超级电容充电。负载阻抗呈电容性,为非线性负载,充电过程中阻抗不断变化。为实现最大输出功率传输,设计了低功耗的最大输出功率追踪(MPPT)电路,采用频率值为32.768 k Hz石英晶体构成方波振荡电路,因电容电压不能突变,通过充电电流控制开关导通时间,构成电流反馈最大输出功率点追踪系统。最大输出功率追踪电路的工作电流为1.2 u A,工作电压为5 V,功耗为6 u W。实验结果表明,在充电36min时达到最大功率输出,储能电容电压的大小为0.32 V,输出功率最大为18 u W。相比于直接充电电路,最大输出功率电路的能量采集效率提高了50%。     

Master controller of a high-voltage power unit source of an electron beam welding device

This paper describes the structure and control algorithms of a controller of a high-voltage source with an output voltage of 60 kV and a power of up to 30 kW. The source is designed to be used as part of a power unit of an electron-beam welding device developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BINP SB RAS). High-quality welds require a stable electron beam energy. Herewith, a standard operation mode is quick and deep modulation of the electron current. The problem of achieving high-quality control and limiting the transient distortions of output voltage of the source is solved. The error of establishing and stabilizing the output voltage is 0.1%, which allows obtaining high-quality welding. Transient distortions at 100% modulation of the load current do not exceed the value of ±1%, which, along with fast reaction of the source to a load breakdown (energy released during breakdown is smaller than 15 J), protects the welded parts and elements of the gun from being damaged by an electron beam.     

A Modulation Driver of Quasi-sinusoidal Asymmetric Current

A modulation driver of quasi-sinusoidal asymmetric current designed to feed an electrocoagulator is described. The device ensures specified parameters of the output current for a wide range of load resistances and frequencies. The rated load power is 2.5 kW, the output current has a quasi-sinusoidal asymmetric shape, the mean value of the current positive half-wave is 5–16 A, the degree of asymmetry of half-waves of opposite polarities is 6–11, the range of the sliding frequency control is 20–2000 Hz, and the frequency set-on accuracy is ±1 Hz. The device is fed from a 380 V⁺¹⁰ _–15% and (50–60)-Hz three-phase main.     

A pulse high-frequency power supply system for hyperbolic mass analyzers of space vehicles

A pulse oscillator for powering dynamic mass spectrometers with a frequency mass-spectrum scan is described. The used resonance method of forming leading edges of pulses allowed one to reduce the power consumption by a factor of 4–6 as compared to the simple charge exchange of the load capacitance. Efficient oscillators with a 4-MHz maximal pulse repetition rate, a 100-V peak-to-peak output voltage, and 1-W consumed power are designed.     

A controlled stabilized high-voltage power supply for a photomultiplier tube

A small-size stabilized high-voltage power supply for a photomultiplier tube with remote digital and analog regulation of the output voltage is designed. The output voltage is smoothly regulated from 0.5 to 3 kV, the load current is 0–2 mA, and the ripple factor is 0.008%. The supply voltage is 12–16 V.     

基于DSP的大功率三相逆变电源设计与实现

给出了一种三相中频大功率逆变电源的设计实现方法,采用了组合式结构,使电源带不平衡负载能力增强,适用于更多的使用环境。并且分析了逆变电源的基础理论,选定采用组合式三相半桥逆变主电路结构和双极性SPWM波控制方案,重点介绍了以TMS320LF2407A芯片为核心的DSP控制电路、保护电路和辅助电路;完成了输出电压和电流采样软件、双极性SPWM的PID电压调节闭环控制软件,通过对原理样机的实验,结果表明,该电源设计方案可行,达到了性能指标要求。     

Hierarchical control strategy for a three-phase 4-wire microgrid under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions

This paper proposes an improved hierarchical control strategy consists of a primary and a secondary layer for a three-phase 4-wire microgrid under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions. The primary layer is comprised of a multi-loop control strategy to provide balanced output voltages, a harmonic compensator to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD), and a droop-based scheme to achieve an accurate power sharing. At the secondary control layer, a reactive power compensator and a frequency restoration loop are designed to improve the accuracy of reactive power sharing and to restore the frequency deviation, respectively. Simulation studies and practical performance are carried out using the DIgSILENT Power Factory software and laboratory testing, to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy in both islanded and grid-connected mode. Zero reactive power sharing error and zero frequency steady-state error have given this control strategy an edge over the conventional control scheme. Furthermore, the proposed scheme presented outstanding voltage control performance, such as fast transient response and low voltage THD. The superiority of the proposed control strategy over the conventional filter-based control scheme is confirmed by the 2 line cycles decrease in the transient response. Additionally, the voltage THDs in islanded mode are reduced from above 5.1% to lower than 2.7% with the proposed control strategy under nonlinear load conditions. The current THD is also reduced from above 21% to lower than 2.4% in the connection point of the microgrid with the offered control scheme in the grid-connected mode.     

基于开关稳压电源与开关稳流电源并联系统的设计

为了改善电源的性能,提高电源对变化负载的适应能力,设计将开关电压源和开关电流源并联构建供电系统。系统采用电压源与电流源在输出端并联后按比例分配输出电流的方法,解决开关电源并联后供电系统输出不稳定的问题,构建了实际的并联电源系统。实验表明,采用该文的按比例自动分配电流的方法,可以实现电源系统的大功率稳定输出。     

The K(a)-band 10-kW continuous wave gyrotron with wide-band fast frequency sweep

The dual-frequency gyrotron with fast 2% frequency sweep at about 28 GHz is designed to power an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS). Operation with an output power of up to 10 kW in CW mode and efficiency of 20% was demonstrated at both frequencies. Frequency manipulation has a characteristic time of about 1 ms and is based on magnetic field variation with an additional low-power coil. Fast frequency sweep will supposedly increase the ion current and the average ion charge of ECRIS. The possibility of 100% power modulation is demonstrated using the same control method.     

基于UC1842的矿井机车照明电源的设计

介绍了以军品UC1842芯片为核心构成的电流型脉宽调制开关电源,并对其进行分析和实验,投入现场工作。实践结果表明,该照明电源具有输入电压变化范围宽、频率响应快、电压调整率和负载调整率高、输出电压稳定、纹波小的优点,是一种性能可靠、可推广应用的开关电源。     

Design and development of repetitive capacitor charging power supply based on series-parallel resonant converter topology

LCL resonant converter based repetitive capacitor charging power supply (CCPS) is designed and developed in the division. The LCL converter acts as a constant current source when switching frequency is equal to the resonant frequency. When both resonant inductors' values of LCL converter are same, it results in inherent zero current switching (ZCS) in switches. In this paper, ac analysis with fundamental frequency approximation of LCL resonant tank circuit, frequency dependent of current gain converter followed by design, development, simulation, and practical result is described. Effect of change in switching frequency and resonant frequency and change in resonant inductors ratio on CCPS will be discussed. An efficient CCPS of average output power of 1.2 kJ/s, output voltage 3 kV, and 300 Hz repetition rate is developed in the division. The performance of this CCPS has been evaluated in the laboratory by charging several values of load capacitance at various repetition rates. These results indicate that this design is very feasible for use in capacitor-charging applications.     

Novel approach to harmonic control for Class F power amplifier with high power added efficiency

This paper presents a new topology to implement Class F power amplifier for eliminating the on -resistance （ RON ） effect. The time-domain and frequency-domain voltage and current waveforms for Class F amplifier are analyzed using Fourier series analysis method. Considering the on-resistance effect, the formulas of the efficiency, output power, dc power dissipation, and fundamental load impedance are given from ideal current and voltage waveforms. For experimental verification, we designed and implemented a Class F power amplifier, which operates at 850 MHz using AlGaAs/GaAs Heterostructure FET （HFET） device, and analyzed the measurement results. Test results show that the maximum PAE of 67% can be achieved at 28 dBm output power level.     

适用于镁海水电池的能量变换系统设计

本文设计了一种适用于镁海水电池供电的能量变换系统,针对镁海水电池输出特性软、电压低的问题,对传统非隔离型三端口变换器进行优化,使电压增益得到进一步提高。基于此变换器拓扑,考虑镁海水电池输出特性和变换器载荷特性,提出一种适用于载荷突变的DC/DC变换系统能量管理策略,通过控制能量在系统内任意两个端口间的流动,实现源、荷间功率动态平衡;同时,根据镁海水电池的输出特性,在系统能量管理中引入一种基于改进灰狼算法的最大功率点追踪方法,进一步提高了镁海水电池的能量转换效率。最后通过仿真和实验证明,载荷功率在0.36和1.2 W跳变时,变换器能相应完成模式间的切换,在保证输出电压稳定在12 V的前提下,实现了对输出电流30和100 mA的灵活控制,验证了该能量变换系统软硬件设计合理性。     

A high-voltage power supply of the diagnostic neutral beam injector of the Alcator-Cmod tokamak

A diagnostic neutral beam injector for ensuring the active spectroscopic diagnostics of plasma parameters in the Alcator-Cmod tokamak (Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston, United States) is designed and manufactured at the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk). The energy of fast atoms of the diagnostic injector is determined by the output voltage level of the high-voltage power supply and can vary from 20 to 55 keV. The ion source of the diagnostic neutral beam injector generates proton beams with an equivalent current of up to 7 A. The accelerated protons after the neutralization on a gas target produce streams of neutral particles—fast atoms with an equivalent current of up to 4 A. The diagnostic neutral beam injector is capable of producing 100% energy-modulated fast hydrogen atomic beams, and this is ensured by operation of the high-voltage power supply under the corresponding law. The high-voltage power supply is based on modules consisting of high-frequency transformers and diode rectifiers placed in a sealed tank filled with insulating gas SF₆. The output voltage is smoothly regulated from 20 to 55 kV by IGBT inverters with a pulse-width control energizing the primary windings of the step-up high-frequency transformers. The high-voltage power supply allows the multiple-breakdown operation mode of the load with voltage recovering as the specified time passes after the breakdown. The rated power of the high-voltage power supply is 450 kW. A functional diagram and design of the high-voltage power supply are given.     

Long-term in vivo behavior of a platinum endoauricular-magnesium hybrid battery.

A hybrid bioelectric battery designed for pacemaker feeding was developed and implanted in 15 dogs for a period of 18 or more months. The smooth platinum cathode, set on an intra-cavitary pacing lead, is located in the bloodstream of the right auricle. The anode of pure (99.9 percent) Domal magnesium is placed in the subcutaneous tissue, which is then consumed by a uniform corrosion process. The theoretical consumption for a current output of 200 muA was evaluated according to Faraday's law at 7 g in 9 years; however, the real consumption, taking into account the corrosion phenomenon, is estimated at 14 g in 9 years. This histological tolerance to the magnesium is excellent. The fundamental characteristic of this platinum-magnesium battery is the great reproducibility of the output parameters (voltage, power) and the excellent stability with time, for any chosen platinum surface or load resistance. For an output current of 200 muA, the battery provides an available output power of 100 muW at a reproducible and stable voltage of 0.5 v. This stability is demonstrated in a long-term study on 15 beagles.     

A self-temperature-compensated micromechanical bridge resonator

A self-temperature-compensated micromechanical bridge resonator is designed and fabricated. The resonator comprises an electrothermal excitation/piezoresistive detection Si/SiO₂ bridge resonator and a cantilever thermometer. Both bridge and cantilever have approximately equal thickness and fabricate simultaneously with same materials by identical process. The temperature drift of bridge resonator’ resonance frequency is compensated by changing voltage applied on the Wheatstone bridge to an appropriated value determined by the output voltage of cantilever thermometer. The temperature drift of resonance frequency drops down two orders of magnitude compared with that of uncompensated resonator.