同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路的仿真研究

转子绕组匝间短路故障会造成发电机励磁电流增大、输出无功减小、转子振动加剧等影响,如果不及早处理可能给机组的安全运行带来巨大威胁.近年来国内外研究主要通过实验检测及定性分析,由于不能准确计算故障电流等电气量,在实际应用中存在局限性.本文为多支路同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路建立了改进的多回路数学模型,并提出了与励磁绕组有关的电感系数的计算方法,可以考虑气隙磁场畸变、定子绕组不平衡电流等因素的影响.针对1台4极凸极同步发电机,用该模型对不同匝数的励磁绕组匝间短路进行数字仿真,可得到短路后定、转子电流及有功功率、无功功率等.根据计算结果,本文提出励磁绕组匝间短路后定子同相不同分支之间出现分数次谐波环流、励磁电流出现基波及奇数次谐波的故障特征,并给出了物理解释,可以为转子匝间短路保护提供依据.     

同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路的数学模型与故障特征

为实现励磁绕组匝间短路故障的早期诊断,需要准确计算故障电流等电气量.考虑到转子故障引起的气隙磁场的各种空间谐波、定子相绕组内部不平衡电流和励磁绕组电路拓扑结构的改变,建立了同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障的扩充的多回路数学模型,并准确计算了与发生匝间短路故障的励磁绕组有关的电感参数,利用数值方法可对发电机励磁绕组匝间短路...     

同步发电机转子绕组匝间短路故障特征规律分析

目前发电机励磁绕组匝间短路研究主要针对某一结构参数发电机,故障特性并无普遍性,为此以发电机定子线圈为基本对象,应用交流电机绕组理论的谐波分析法分析了发电机转子绕组匝间短路时定子绕组并联支路内感应电动势的谐波特性、定子绕组感应电流产生的旋转磁动势以及转子绕组感应电流的谐波特性,从而给出了适用于一般发电机结构的转子绕组匝间短路故障特征规律。该规律可根据发电机的不同结构参数,求得定子绕组侧、转子绕组侧故障特征的幅值和频率。以试验所用的故障模拟发电机为例,应用故障特征规律进行了转子绕组匝间短路故障特征计算。运用故障模拟发电机组在不同的励磁方式和负载情况下进行了转子绕组匝间短路的动模试验。通过分析和比较算例及试验结果验证了故障特征规律的正确性和有效性。     

同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障稳态数学模型及仿真

励磁绕组匝间短路故障会造成发电机励磁电流增大、输出无功功率减小、振动加剧等.为实现故障在线监测与保护,需准确快速计算故障电流等电气量.应用交流电机的多回路理论,基于对故障时定、转子电流稳态特征的分析,得到各回路电流的稳态表达式;根据同频率量相等的原则,将稳态时的微分方程组转化为线性代数方程组,得到励磁绕组匝间短路故障的稳态数学模型;利用高斯消去法可直接求得所有回路电流中各种交、直流分量的稳态解,快速实现故障的稳态计算.对一台12 KW、3对极的隐极同步发电机进行了空载时励磁绕组匝间短路实验,稳态仿真结果与实验吻合较好.该方法可比暂态仿真减少90%的计算时间,为同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障的监测与保护奠定了基础.     

区分发电机不对称运行和定子绕组匝间短路的故障检测

为了有效检测和辨识发电机定子绕组匝间短路故障,应用交流电机绕组理论分析了定子绕组匝间短路时并联支路感应电动势的频率、幅值和相位以及转子绕组感应电动势的谐波特征.以试验所用的故障模拟发电机为例,分别对发电机不对称运行和定子绕组匝间短路进行了故障特征计算.发现在发电机不对称运行和定子绕组小匝数匝间短路不断恶化时,发电机励磁...     

隐极发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障定位及短路匝数估算

为实现对发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障的在线检测与保护,以一台12kW、3对极隐极同步发电机为例,采用多回路法对该样机负载运行时发生的励磁绕组匝间短路故障进行计算,并与实验进行了对比分析;基于计算与实验结果,分别探讨了分布式励磁绕组的故障位置及短路匝数对故障特征量的影响;在此基础上,提出利用定子分支谐波电流进行故障定位及短路匝数估算的新方法,为隐极发电机励磁绕组匝间短路故障在线检测与保护方案设计奠定了理论基础。     

一种新的无刷发电机转子绕组匝间短路故障的检测方法

无刷发电机转子匝间短路故障发生频率高且难以检测。以发电机定子绕组线圈为对象,分析了发电机转子绕组匝间短路时,定子绕组并联支路内的感应电动势特性,以及由此引起的转子绕组上的谐波特性。将励磁电流中的特征频率成分看成谐波源,研究了故障特征向励磁机侧传递的规律,得到了故障时励磁机励磁电流的谐波特征,从而提出了一种基于励磁机励磁电流的转子绕组短路故障的检测方法。运用故障模拟发电机组进行了动模试验,试验验证了理论分析的正确性和有效性。     

同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路时的稳态电流谐波特征研究

为研究励磁绕组匝间短路的故障机理,通过理论分析故障情况下A1553样机转子绕组和定子绕组产生的磁动势性质及其在气隙磁场中的相互作用,论证了定子相绕组内部环流为分数次谐波、而转子电流为基波及整数次谐波的稳态故障特征,并且说明故障谐波特征主要受定子绕组的分布与联接方式影响,与电机极对数、励磁绕组的短路匝数及故障位置也有关系。对A1553样机进行了单机空载工况下的励磁绕组匝间短路实验,通过对稳态实验电流的快速傅里叶分析,验证了上述故障特征和理论分析方法的正确性。理论分析和实验表明,转子匝间短路的故障特征与机端外部短路故障、定子绕组内部短路故障等其它故障都有所不同,为故障检测提供了依据。     

同步发电机定子绕组匝间短路故障特征规律研究

为真实有效地反映实际并网运行的大型同步发电机发生定子绕组匝间短路故障时发电机定子电流及谐波电磁转矩等主要电气量的变化规律,采用场-路-网耦合时步有限元法对该问题进行了详细分析。以一台1 407 MVA核电半速汽轮发电机为研究对象建立了场-路-网联合仿真模型,在发电机并网带额定负载稳定运行条件下,对发电机定子绕组不同位置发生相同程度匝间短路故障进行了仿真,研究了大型发电机定子绕组匝间短路时故障位置对发电机机端三相电流、暂态基波电磁转矩、暂态二次谐波电磁转矩及稳态二次谐波电磁转矩的影响。为大型同步发电机定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断提供参考。     

发电机绕组匝间故障检测的新型探测线圈

为了解决现有检测方法对同步发电机(尤其是应用广泛的汽轮发电机)常见的定子绕组匝间短路和励磁绕组匝间短路故障的局限性,提出了一种新型探测线圈。理论分析表明,由于采用特殊的布置及联接方法,开路的新型探测线圈在电机正常运行或机端外部故障时端口电压为0,而在绕组内部不对称故障时会对气隙磁场的故障附加谐波感应出电动势。而且在定子内部短路与励磁绕组匝间短路故障这两种情况下,新型探测线圈端口电压的频率明显不同。在多相整流实验样机上安装了上述探测线圈,通过实验验证了理论分析的正确性,说明可以根据新型探测线圈端口电压同时反映发电机的定子和转子绕组内部故障、并通过电压频率特征来区分具体的故障类型。     

具有无功馈送绕组的多相永磁同步发电机稳态特性

对于5 MW及以上超大功率近海风电机组,现有中低压技术方案使发电机与变流器均需要承受较大电流,因此风电系统效率低下。文中简述了具有无功馈送绕组的高压永磁多相风力发电机结构。这种新的结构可以利用拓扑简单的单极性变流器串联直接实现高压直流,同时利用无功馈送绕组,向发电机注入无功功率可以实现发电机励磁与转矩的解耦控制。另外,新的技术方案还能在直流母线短路时,对短路电流峰值进行抑制。文中着重分析了该方案中发电机的稳态特性,首先推导了定子多绕组同步发电机的数学模型,然后通过数值计算的方法,利用一个设计好的6.7 MVA风力发电机相关参数对新的技术方案中发电机的稳态特性进行了分析。     

大型同步发电机单相接地故障的暂态多回路分析——数学模型

大型同步发电机定子单相接地故障是发电机常见故障，其潜在的危害很 大，因此相关的仿真研究非常重要，但是准确分析其暂态规律非常困难。文中采用准分布电 容等效实际定子绕组对地的分布电容，将定子绕组每个支路划分成若干个电路单元，建立大 型发电机定子单相接地故障的多回路分析暂态数学模型，推导出实际值形式和标幺值形式的 状态方程，并给出了相应的数值解算方法以及仿真结果。该模型可以同时考虑定子绕组对地 分布电容的影响，以及定子绕组内部接地故障带来的定子绕组结构上不对称的影响。〖ＫＨ ５Ｄ〗〖ＨＴＨ〗     

同步发电机励磁绕组匝间短路时的电磁转矩

同步发电机的励磁绕组匝间短路故障会引起机械振动,而研究故障时的电磁转矩是分析机械振动特性的基础。文中首先基于多回路数学模型计算了短路故障后的电磁转矩,计算中全面考虑了定、转子绕组产生的各种次数、转速、转向的空间磁场之间的相互作用;对一台12kW、3对极隐极同步发电机样机进行了仿真计算及实验的比对验证;从分析故障后定、转...     

A digital technique for stator winding protection of synchronous generators

This paper describes a digital technique for detecting internal faults in stator windings of synchronous generators. The technique uses positive- and negative-sequence models of the synchronous generator, and voltages and currents measured at the generator terminals. It does not need information concerning the machine parameters and is applicable to all types of generators, irrespective of their size. Fault discrimination characteristics and a digital algorithm based on the proposed technique are described. The performance of the proposed technique was evaluated using fault data generated by simulations using an electromagnetic transient program, EMTDC. Fault data were also acquired by subjecting a laboratory generator to internal and external faults. Results of the studies using simulated and experimental data are included in the paper. The results indicate that the proposed technique can detect faults including open circuits and faults that short-circuit windings of one phase.     

Characteristics of a brushless and exciterless three-phase synchronous generator with DC exciting system

From the viewpoint of maintenances and constructions, it is desirable that brushless and exciterless type three-phase synchronous generators be made. To meet this requirement, one of the authors devised a brushless and exciterless synchronous generator in which exciting currents flow simultaneously with load currents in armature windings. Thus, generators can be used both as the generators themselves and as the exciters. A generator system has already been reported by one of the authors. In it, the dc stator exciting current flows between the middle points per phase of the double-star armature winding through the rectifiers. However, the winding connection between the armature winding and the rectifiers are complicated. Three sets of rectifiers are needed by the stator excitation. The authors present a generator system by which the electric connection of between the stator armature winding and the rectifier can be simplified, and the number of the rectifiers can be reduced. In this system, the stator is provided with a double-star armature winding having two neutral points. In this paper, first, a circuit constitution and the principle for the brushless and exciterless three-phase synchronous generator are described, and second, the characteristics are elucidated by means of characteristic analysis. Further, the results of the experiments for the generator conducted on the test machine of 2.0 kW are shown.     

3/12相双绕组发电机数学模型研究

介绍了3/12相交直流同时供电(双绕组)发电机的结构特点。在某些近似假设条件下,将 12 相4Y互移15直流绕组等效为一个3相Y绕组,然后通过适当处理两套绕组之间的耦合,得出了与耦合有关的参数间的相互关系,从而简化了d-q-0 系统的数学模型、导出了简明的电压和磁链方程及相应的d和q轴等效电路,为分析该类电机的各项性能奠定了坚实的理论基础。该文所用方法同样适用于其它结构的双绕组发电机。     

A Novel Dual-Stator Hybrid Excited Synchronous Wind Generator

This paper presents a novel dual-stator hybrid excited synchronous wind generator and describes its structural features and operation principle. The no-load magnetic fields with different field currents are computed by 3-D finite-element method. Static characteristics, including the flux-linkage and EMF waveforms of stator windings, and inductance waveforms of armature windings and field winding, are analyzed. The simulation results show that due to the dual-stator structure, the air-gap magnetic flux can be easily controlled, while the output voltage can be increased effectively. Tests are performed on the prototype machine to validate the predicted results, and an excellent agreement is obtained.      

交流励磁双馈电机分段并网控制策略

针对交流励磁双馈电机转子位置初始误差提出了一种补偿控制器。根据电网电压矢量控制时双馈电机数学模型,推导了定子开路稳态时转子电流与定子电压的关系,并基于此构建了转子位置初始误差的补偿控制器。对所提出的初始误差补偿原理进行了分析。另外,将该补偿控制器应用到风力发电系统实际并网控制过程,提出一种交流励磁双馈电机分段并网控制策略。设计了控制器,并在所搭建的变速恒频风力发电实验平台上作了相应的实验,结果证明了补偿控制器分段并网控制的有效性。     

Brushless self-excited three-phase synchronous generator without exciter

This paper describes principles together with analytic and experimental studies of an exciterless, brushless, and self-excited three-phase synchronous generator which was devised by authors. Since traditional brushless and dc self-excited three-phase synchronous generators without exciter did not have the self-exciting function by series characteristic component proportional to the load current inside the generator, they need auto-voltage regulating equipment or a transformer with three windings and condensers to obtain constant voltage characteristics. It also has the following problem in the case of two-pole traditional generator: oscillatory tension is generated at the shaft of the rotor caused by the magnetic force between magnetic poles of stator and rotor windings, and it causes mechanical vibration and noise. This paper proposes a new brushless and self-excited three-phase generator solving the aforementioned problems: the ratio of poles of the windings for providing power to load (armature and field windings) to the windings for supplying exciting power (stator and rotor exciting windings) is 1 to 5. Then oscillatory tension does not generate theoretically. Furthermore, a self-exciting three-phase generator using the 5th-harmonic component of armature reaction which makes series characteristic component proportional to the load current, currently is available. In this paper, the winding construction, the electric circuit, and the principle of the aforementioned generator are described, and the experimental results of the trial-produced generator show that the three-phase terminal voltage waveforms are almost sinusoidal and also balanced, and the voltage can be kept almost constant for the change of load. This generator has high reliability because of its simple construction.