异步电动机起动过程中转轴上的扭矩振荡现象研究

异步电动机带大惯性负载直接起动时,转轴上会产生很大的扭矩振荡.详细分析了产生扭矩振荡的原因,探讨了软起动对扭矩振荡的影响.仿真结果表明,采用晶闸管软起动装置可以在不影响电动机起动性能的前提下,有效抑制转轴上的扭矩振荡.     

异步电动机起动过程中转轴上的扭矩振荡现象研究

异步电动机带大惯性负载直接起动时，转轴上会产生很大的扭矩振荡。详细分析了产生扭矩振荡的原因，探讨了软起动对扭矩振荡的影响。仿真结果表明，采用晶闸管软起动装置可以在不影响电动机起动性能的前提下，有效抑制转轴上的扭矩振荡。     

异步电动机软起动过程中的振荡

针对异步电动机软起动过程中出现的电流、电磁转矩以及转速振荡问题,建立了其软起动通用仿真模型,分析了异步电动机软起动过程中引起振荡的影响因素及其产生原因,提出用控制关断角的方法,即以电流关断时刻为基准,在电机软起动过程中使关断角逐渐减小为零来抑制振荡。通过仿真验证了该控制方法的正确性,并在此基础上研制了基于关断角控制的异步电动机软起动装置并进行了样机试验,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

感应电动机转子绕组故障对电机起动性能影响分析

基于多回路理论,建立感应电动机暂态分析的数学模型;分析了感应电动机转子绕组故障对电机起动性能的影响.研究表明,电机转子绕组故障使电机起动转矩下降,谐波转矩大大增加;起动转速上升变缓,起动时间增加,起动困难;定转子起动电流发生畸变,衰减速度下降;定子电流的某一频率分量在电机起动过程中两次出现峰值点.动态分析的某些结论可以用于进行电机转子绕组故障诊断.     

不同绕组连接方式下的六相永磁同步电动机MT容错控制

多自由度使多相电机具备了优异的容错能力。本文针对单中性点、双中性点及开端绕组结构的六相永磁同步电机,以缺相容错运行时输出转矩最大为目标,提出一种适用于不同绕组结构电机的容错电流计算通用表达式。通过对六相永磁同步电机缺一相故障状态下的自由度进行分析,计算了不同定子绕组结构下的容错电流,并给出相应的控制方法。对比三种不同绕组结构电机容错运行时的带载能力,开端绕组结构的六相永磁同步电机缺相容错运行时输出转矩最大。利用Matlab/Simulink建立了六相永磁同步电机模型及其控制系统,验证了计算结果的有效性。     

定子匝间短路时双馈异步发电机电磁转矩的研究

定子绕组匝间短路故障会引起双馈异步发电机气隙磁场的畸变,从而导致电磁转矩的变化,因此电磁转矩可作为故障特征之一。基于能量法分析定子绕组匝间短路故障前后电磁转矩的变化特征,建立了双馈异步发电机的多回路数学模型,并对其正常和不同程度匝间短路时的电磁转矩进行仿真计算。对仿真结果进行频谱分析,得到了定子绕组匝间短路故障前后电磁转矩谐波分量的变化规律,验证了理论分析的正确性。定子绕组匝间短路故障和电磁转矩的关联特征可以作为诊断定子绕组匝间短路故障的依据。     

The principle and fundamental characteristics of brushless three-phase synchronous induction motor with two stators

Brushless three-phase synchronous motor involving a rotating ac exciter on the same shaft as the motor and with the windings linked through a shaft-mounted rectifier is widely used as medium and large capacity machines. However, the motor needs to fit with damping windings for self-starting outside of the field winding in the rotor and needs to equip discharge resistance with complex electronic device to dispose of electromagnetic force induced in the field winding at starting. Therefore, the rotor structure is very complex, and there are disadvantages, especially for the robust and highly reliable motor that is desired. To solve the problem found in traditional motors, the authors proposed a brushless three-phase synchronous induction motor with two stators and one wound rotor. This problem is solved because the proposed motor is of two-stators structure: the rotor winding operates as a secondary winding of induction motor at starting and as the field winding at synchronous operation. The motor can self-start as a wound-rotor induction motor without external secondary resistance. Therefore, discharge resistance is not necessary; the starting equipment is very simple and the rotor structure is robust. It is possible to start with high torque. In this paper, the basic constitution of the proposed motor and the principles of operation are described in detail. The experimental results at starting and pulling into synchronism are shown for confirming the principles of operation and the experimental and numerical results of the starting characteristics. The load ones and the generating ones are shown and then the practical use of the proposed motor is confirmed.     

直接转矩控制的无刷双馈感应电机的异步启动

针对无刷双馈感应电机( BDFIM)异步启动电流及启动转矩的解析分析不足的问题,利用等效电路推导出BDFIM异步启动阶段两个定子绕组的电流和启动转矩的解析表达式.分析结果表明,功率绕组的启动电流小于同容量的感应电机.针对BDFIM直接转矩控制系统牵入同步时电流大的问题,提出了磁链优先的方法,即在牵入同步的过程中,根据控制绕组磁链所在的扇区,选择合适的电压矢量,优先建立磁链,待磁链增加到设定的阈值时,再兼顾磁链和转矩.样机的实验结果表明,磁链优先的控制方法能够有效减小两个定子绕组的牵入电流.     

An Effective Four-Level Voltage Switching State Algorithm for Direct Torque Controlled Open End Winding Induction Motor Drive by Using Two Two-Level Inverters

This paper introduces an effective four-level voltage switching state algorithm for direct torque controlled open end winding induction motor drive with two-two level inverters in dual mode. In the recent days, direct torque control of open end winding induction motor drive became an interesting area for researchers because it provides high dynamic performance and instantaneous control of stator flux and torque. It is more important especially in applications like propulsion and hybrid electric vehicles they require ripple free torque. The direct torque control provides high flux, torque ripple, and variable switching frequency. This paper introduces an effective voltage switching state algorithm for an open end winding induction motor drive to reduce torque and flux ripple at different frequencies of operation. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces torque and flux ripples without losing features of conventional direct torque control (DTC) algorithm and in addition it provides multi-level operation.     

基于串级绕组的新型永磁同步电机起动性能分析

针对异步起动永磁同步电机在起动过程中电流大,起动转矩小的问题,本文提出一种串级绕组理论。利用定子串级绕组产生的谐波磁场与转子分匝线圈组相互作用,优化电机的起动性能。文章通过阐述串级绕组理论,给出电机模型与定转子设计方案,并基于等效电路分析样机实际工作原理,最后运用有限元法从样机的转速、空载起动性能、带负载起动、气隙磁密和堵转转矩五个方面进行仿真。试验结果表明,应用串级绕组理论可以在提高起动转矩的同时降低起动电流,抑制起动时定子电流对转子永磁体的退磁效应,并且电机的稳态性能保持不变。     

交流单相感应电动机非对称空间矢量变频调速的研究

单相感应电动机在世界范围内低功率设备上得到了广泛的应用.在某些场所,它还需要进行调速,传统的调速方式一般由机械传动或者通过控制其辅助绕组串联的电容器实现.上述两种方式均有很大的缺点,单相电机的转矩性能不好.提出一种新的控制理论,即非对称空间矢量变频调速理论[1].其主绕组和辅助绕组采用三相逆变器控制.基于该理论,单相感应电动机在进行变频调速的同时,其转矩波动可降至最小,而其输出的转矩却达到最大.该理论在Aalborg University实验室的电机系统已经得到了证实.     

Slot Numbering and Distributed Winding Effects Analysis on the Torque/Current Spectrum of Three-phase Wound-rotor Induction Machine Using Discrete Modeling Method

Smooth torque production by induction machines is an improbable phenomena that is taken into account only in classic and ideal studying methods. In this research, slot numbering and also non-sinusoidal winding function effects are studied for a three-phase wound-rotor induction machine, which is addressed for the first time, and a new formula is introduced for calculating the spectral components of machine torque and current. To reach this aim, mathematical modeling of the air-gap function is proposed, and a discrete time modeling of the machine is introduced to study the effects of space harmonics on the torque/current spectral. To study the mentioned phenomena, in the first part, the winding functions are considered as ideally sinusoidal and the behavior of simulated machines is investigated based on the winding function approach and numerical method analysis. Two certain formulas are introduced for the spectral components of torque ripple and stator currents according to the slot numbers, rotor speed, and number of machine poles. In the second part, slot opening effects are neglected and non-sinusoidal windings are considered for obtaining the same results. Finally, considering both effects, model validation is confirmed by a finite-element-based method, and the introduced method is proven.     

感应电动机模型和机械转矩参数对暂态电压稳定评估的影响

基于三阶感应电动机模型,同时考虑机械转矩参数,给出了快速评估法下极限切除时间的计算方法,分析了转子绕组电磁暂态特性和机械转矩参数对极限切除时间的影响。该方法提高了感应电动机模型精度,同时计算更加简便,可用于动态安全评估系统的计算。IEEE30系统仿真结果表明较高的机械转矩次数有利于负荷节点暂态电压稳定,而转子绕组的电磁暂态特性不利于负荷节点的暂态电压稳定,模型精度对极限切除时间的影响小于机械转矩参数的影响。     

Comparative evaluation of power factor improvement techniques forsquirrel cage induction motors

The authors describe the results obtained from a series of tests of relatively simple methods of improving the power factor of squirrel-cage induction motors. The methods, which are evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions for a 10 HP, high-efficiency motor, include terminal voltage reduction, terminal static capacitors, and a floating winding with static capacitors. Each of these techniques is tested over a range of torques from zero load up to 150% of rating. The effects of the different configurations on starting performance, pull-out torque, and operating efficiency are also considered. The test results are compared with equivalent circuit model predictions that are then used to identify optimum conditions for each of the power factor improvement techniques compared with the basic inductor motor. The relative economic values and the implications of component failures of the three methods are discussed     

永磁无刷轮毂电机分数槽绕组的设计与分析

永磁电机由于齿槽效应产生的定位转矩和转矩脉动,在转速较低的轮毂电机中尤为显著.无刷直流电机常用的整数槽绕组节距较大,且绕组相互重叠,使得绕组端部很大.该文对于极对数不同的整数槽绕组电机模型和分数槽绕组电机模型的绕组和定位转矩进行对比研究.理论分析表明分数槽绕组能够有效减小电机定位转矩与转矩脉动,减小绕组端部长度.最后使用有限元仿真对理论分析进行了验证.     

Acceleration tests to determine salient pole synchronous motorinrush currents and torques

Determining torque and current at locked rotor and various slips during the acceleration test on a synchronous machine is very tedious and time consuming. Induction and synchronous machines behave similarly during acceleration except that synchronous machine acceleration can include a pulsation torque. Because of the salient poles, conditions exist where the synchronous motor has minimum torque at quadrature axis and maximum torque at direct axis during locked rotor or stall. Since synchronous machines do not have large numbers of rotor bars in the amortisseur winding, like the induction motor has in the squirrel cage, their stall times tend to be shorter. Due to the shorter stall time and large starting torque, locked-rotor torque and current are generally determined from acceleration tests conducted at reduced voltage rather than by tests at stand-still. Data showing that saturation effects impact both torque and current are presented in this paper. The data shows that the voltage index that has to be applied to the torque and current measured at reduced voltage varies with speed and can be obtained from a series of acceleration tests     

基于I-ω法磁场辨识的无轴承异步电动机矢量控制

集旋转与悬浮于一体的无轴承异步电动机是一个非常复杂的非线性系统,电磁转矩与径向悬浮力的非线性解耦是实现电机稳定悬浮运行的基础.气隙磁场定向控制算法复杂,且没有实现两者的动态解耦.提出了基于转矩绕组转子磁场定向控制算法,径向悬浮控制所需的气隙磁场通过I-ω实时辨识.仿真结果表明,电磁转矩与径向悬浮力实现完全解耦,验证了所提方案的有效性.     

Soft starting of large induction motors at constant current withminimized starting torque pulsations

The performance of a voltage-controlled large induction motor soft starter has been improved, resulting in nearly perfect current and torque profiles. The performance analysis of the soft-starter motor-load combination has been carried out in the dynamic state using a hybrid induction machine model which takes account of disconnected two-phase and three-phase operational modes of the machine. Some simple control strategies have been proposed to keep the current constant at any preset value during starting, and to eliminate supply-frequency starting torque pulsations. These are shown to be very effective in the elimination of reclosing transient torque and current components at any speed at the reconnection instant to the supply after an interruption, or at the instant of bus transfer. The proposed strategies have been verified experimentally on a laboratory machine using a special torque measurement system in the dynamic state     

A single phase induction motor drive with improved performance

This paper presents a new method to improve the efficiency and torque characteristics of a single phase induction motor. First, the mathematical model of the motor is analyzed. Next, a method which uses power electronic technology to improve the efficiency and starting torque of the motor is proposed. The starting capacitor and the centrifugal switch can be eliminated here. Only a running capacitor is used. A prototype system which consists of some simple hardware circuits and a TMS320C40 digital signal processor system has been implemented. Several experimental results can validate the simulated waveforms. This paper proposes a new direction in improving the performance of the single phase induction motor system.     

Adjustable AC capacitor for a single-phase induction motor

The most common practice for starting a single-phase induction machine (SPIM) is to install a starting capacitor in series with the auxiliary winding. In some applications, two capacitors are used. One is used during the starting period to help create the starting torque. The other one is used during the running condition to improve efficiency. The possibility of using an electronic switch in parallel with the running capacitor, thereby providing the equivalent of a starting capacitor, is discussed. The capacitor is shorted during each cycle to vary the effective size of the AC capacitor. By using this method, only one capacitor is used for both the starting and running condition, and a starting performance similar to that of the conventional method using two capacitors can be obtained