基于小波和灰度共生矩阵的带钢表面缺陷识别

提出了一种基于小波变换和灰度共生矩阵的带钢表面缺陷识别方法。采用小波变换分解缺陷图像并提取其低频子带信息。通过在低频子带上构造0°、45°、90°和135°四个方向的灰度共生矩阵,分别计算角二阶矩、熵、对比度和逆差矩4个特征值,共获得16个特征值,并将其输入支持向量机,完成对6类共1800张带钢表面缺陷图像的识别,总体识别精度大于96%。实验结果表明,小波变换与灰度共生矩阵结合能有效描述带钢表面缺陷纹理特征,具有较好的识别效果。     

基于Tetrolet变换的热轧钢板表面缺陷识别方法

通过Tetrolet变换将热轧钢板表面图像分解成不同尺度和方向的子带,提取子带的Tetrolet高通系数矩阵特征,得到一个高维的特征矢量。利用核保局投影算法对高维特征矢量进行降维,将降维后的低维特征矢量输入支持向量机,从而实现热轧钢板表面缺陷的分类识别。对现场采集到的热轧钢板表面图像样本进行试验,包括横向裂纹、纵向裂纹、横向划伤、纵向划伤、结疤、麻点、网纹、压痕等8类常见热轧钢板表面缺陷,以及氧化铁皮和无缺陷等样本。试验结果表明基于Tetrolet变换方法对样本图像的识别率可达97.38%,比基于Curvelet变换、Contourlet变换等方法得到的识别率提高1%左右。     

基于频谱脸和不变矩人脸识别新方法的研究

提出了基于频谱脸和不变矩的人脸识别方法。频谱脸是一种人脸的特征表达方式,可以有效地消除人脸表情变化、少许遮掩对人脸识别的影响。而不变矩是图像的一种统计特征,具有的平移不变性、旋转不变性和比例不变性,可以有效减少少许姿态和光照条件变化所带来的识别误差。因此首先对原始图像进行适当级数的小波变换及傅立叶变换得到人脸图像的频谱脸表达,然后利用频谱脸图像矩阵的不变矩作为识别特征,建立人脸识别模型。利用ORL人脸数据库进行仿真实验,结果表明,该方法识别率较高,识别速度较快,便于实时实现。     

基于不变矩及模糊神经网络的螺纹识别研究

根据概率论的基本原理 ,分析了图形的矩表示法 ,利用七个不变矩作为图形的描述子 (特征量 ) ,提出基于七个不变矩及模糊神经网络的螺纹识别方法 ,采用了L M(Levenberg Marquardt)算法训练网络。七个不变矩可以作为一幅图形的特征量进行图像识别 ,模糊L MBP网络收敛较快。     

基于神经网络和不变矩的路面破损图像识别

提出了一种应用BP神经网络识别沥青路面破损图像的图像分割方法.将路面图像等分,用灰度方差值描述子块图像特征,利用BP神经网络对子块图像进行模式分类,并将图像子块模式矩阵的不变矩作为图像的整体特征,在此基础上设计了基于全局优化算法的前馈神经网络分类器,并进行了图像识别试验,对二值图像进行特征提取,提出了学习算法,以加快收敛速度,从而实现图像识别.     

通过不变矩和BP神经网络进行挖掘机铲斗位置识别

针对远程实时识别挖掘机图像这一问题,研究了基于不变矩及BP神经网络的识别分类方法。首先,获取挖掘机铲斗的原始图像,然后对其进行处理得到二值化图像。以提取出的七个不变矩特征作为样本,输入三层BP神经网络。通过训练,对不同位置的铲斗图像进行识别分类,判断出挖掘机的工作状态。实验表明:该方法识别率较高,提取到的铲斗目标信息及姿态图像信息,对后续的视觉伺服控制研究有一定帮助。     

基于复合Zernike矩相角估计的图像配准

提出了一种基于复合Zernike矩相角估计的图像配准方法.首先,利用尺度不变检测子Harris-laplace检测图像中的兴趣点作为初始特征点,计算以兴趣点为中心、邻域具有尺度不变性的Zernike矩;提出一种鲁棒的相角估计方法,用于估计两个归一化区域的旋转角度值.然后,利用Zernike矩的幅值和相角信息,通过比较每个兴趣点邻域Zernike矩的相似度提取出初始匹配点.最后,提出一种迭代角度修正算法用于精确估计变换参数,并对输入图像进行几何变换后将两幅图像配准.实验结果表明,该算法可在尺度缩放、任意角度旋转以及噪声等复杂条件下实现图像的高精度配准.当旋转角度误差小于20°时,图像的平均覆盖率达到94.125％,有效降低了误匹配的概率.     

形态滤波在中厚板表面裂纹在线检测中的应用

用面阵CCD摄像机采集中厚板表面图像，对采集到的图像进行形态滤波的Top-Hat变换，并结合阈值处理及连通区域搜索等算法，可以在线检测中厚板的各种表面裂纹缺陷，包括横向裂纹、纵向裂纹、星状裂纹等。根据从生产线上采集到的图像分析了中厚板裂纹缺陷的典型特征，并对形态滤波中的结构元素选取进行了研究。该算法已用在中厚板生产线的表面缺陷在线检测系统中。     

基于剪切波和小波特征融合的金属表面缺陷识别方法

金属表面缺陷具有复杂性和多样性。小波变换能很好地捕捉点奇异性信号,对点缺陷识别效果好;剪切波变换作为一种新的多尺度几何分析方法,对奇异曲线具有最优逼近性能和方向敏感性,因此对方向性的缺陷识别效果好。提出一种基于剪切波和小波特征融合的金属表面缺陷识别方法。对金属表面图像分别进行离散剪切波变换和小波变换,计算各尺度方向子带的平均值和方差值,并组成一高维特征矢量。用核保局投影算法对高维特征矢量进行降维,以去除特征间的冗余,得到低维特征矢量,并输入到支持向量机进行缺陷分类。以高温铸坯、中厚板、精密铝带三种典型金属为例,对从现场采集到的三种典型金属的样本库进行试验,结果表明:高温铸坯、中厚板、精密铝带缺陷样本的识别率分别达到93.95%、98.27%、92.5%。试验结果证明了该方法可有效应用于不同类型金属的表面缺陷识别,具有通用性。     

金属表面特征提取方法研究进展

粗糙表面几何特征的分析和提取是零件表面分类、缺陷识别、几何建模等研究工作中至关重要的环节。文中对灰度共生矩阵法、功率谱密度函数法、小波变换以及contourlet变换4种常用粗糙表面几何特征提取方法进行分析研究,认为contourlet变换在继承小波变换多尺度分析能力的基础上,其多方向分析能力有助于更加准确地捕捉表面的曲线纹理特征,因此是一种具有潜力、值得重视的表面几何特征提取新方法。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.