How does context affect assessments of facial emotion? The role of culture and age.

People from Asian cultures are more influenced by context in their visual processing than people from Western cultures. In this study, we examined how these cultural differences in context processing affect how people interpret facial emotions. We found that younger Koreans were more influenced than younger Americans by emotional background pictures when rating the emotion of a central face, especially those younger Koreans with low self-rated stress. In contrast, among older adults, neither Koreans nor Americans showed significant influences of context in their face emotion ratings. These findings suggest that cultural differences in reliance on context to interpret others' emotions depend on perceptual integration processes that decline with age, leading to fewer cultural differences in perception among older adults than among younger adults. Furthermore, when asked to recall the background pictures, younger participants recalled more negative pictures than positive pictures, whereas older participants recalled similar numbers of positive and negative pictures. These age differences in the valence of memory were consistent across culture. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The influence of facial masking and sex on older adults’ impressions of individuals with Parkinson’s disease.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves facial masking, which may impair social interaction. Older adult observers who viewed segments of videotaped interviews of individuals with PD expressed less interest in relationships with women with higher masking and judged them as less supportive. Masking did not affect ratings of men in these domains, possibly because higher masking violates gender norms for expressivity in women but not in men. Observers formed less accurate ratings of the social supportiveness and social strain of women than men, and higher masking decreased accuracy for ratings of strain. Results suggest that some of the problems with social relationships in PD may be due to inaccurate impressions and reduced desire to interact with individuals with higher masking, especially women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Visual marking and facial affect: Can an emotional face be ignored?

Previewing a set of distractors allows them to be ignored in a subsequent visual search task (Watson & Humphreys, 1997). Seven experiments investigated whether this preview benefit can be obtained with emotional faces, and whether negative and positive facial expressions differ in the extent to which they can be ignored. Experiments 1–5 examined the preview benefit with neutral, negative, and positive previewed faces. These results showed that a partial preview benefit occurs with face stimuli, but that the valence of the previewed faces has little impact. Experiments 6 and 7 examined the time course of the preview benefit with valenced faces. These showed that negative faces were more difficult to ignore than positive faces, but only at short preview durations. Furthermore, a full preview benefit was not obtained with face stimuli even when the preview duration was extended up to 3 s. The findings are discussed in terms of the processes underlying the preview benefit, their ecological sensitivity, and the role of emotional valence in attentional capture and guidance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Severe facial clefting, limbic dermoid, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, and multiple skin appendages: severe frontofacionasal "dysplasia" or newly recognised syndrome?

We report on a child with severe midline facial cleft, bilateral cleft lip and palate, telecanthus, S-shaped palpebral fissures, limbic dermoid, midface hypoplasia, hypoplastic corpus callosum, and multiple skin appendages. This case may be an example of severe frontofacionasal "dysplasia" or a newly recognised syndrome.     

Determination of Standard Molar Enthalpies of Formation of Complexes of Rare Earth Bromides with Glycine

ＤｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｔａｎｄａｒｄＭｏｌａｒＥｎｔｈａｌｐｉｅｓｏｆＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｓｏｆＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈＢｒｏｍｉｄｅｓｗｉｔｈＧｌｙｃｉｎｅＳｕｎＴｏｎｇｓｈａｎ（孙同山），ＷａｎｇＦｅｎｇｌｉａｎ（王凤廉），...     

Determination of Crystal Structure of Britholite-Y

ＤｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｒｙｓｔａｌＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆＢｒｉｔｈｏｌｉｔｅ－ＹＺｈａｎｇＪｉａｎ－Ｈｏｎｇ；（张建洪）；ＦａｎｇＺｅ；（方泽）；ＬｉａｏＬｉ－Ｂｉｎｇ；（廖立兵）（ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＧｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，...     

Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Solid Complexes of Lanthanide Nitrates with Alanine

Ｇｒｅａｔｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎａｒｏｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｓｏｆｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｓａｌｔｓｗｉｔｈａｍｉｎｏａｃｉｄｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｉｏｎｓｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｓｏｍｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ .Ｔｈｅｙｃａｎｂｅｕｓｅｄａｓａｐｒｏｂｅｔｏｌａｂｅｌｔｈｅｃａｌｃｉｕｍｉｏｎ .Ｍｏｒｅｏｖｅｒ,ａｍｉｎｏａｃｉｄｓａｒｅｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｕｎｉｔｏｆｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ .Ｇａｏａｎｄｃｏｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｒｅｃｅ…     

of tend

on transplant are as follows: autologous tendon, allogeneic tendon, artificial tendon and tissue engineered tendon. Recently, studies on allogeneic tendon are more and more favorable. In late 1980s, establishment and development of tissue engineering bring a new way for repairing de     

Analysis of the Specific Features of Wear of the Working Rolls of the Finishing Group of Stands Under Conditions of the 1950 Mill at the Casting-Rolling Complex of the “VMZ” JSC

Metallurgist - We present the analysis of the mechanism of in-service wear of the working rolls of wide-band rolling mills on an example of a 1950 mill from the casting-rolling complex of the...     

Effect of Morphology of Instantaneous Inoculant on Inoculated Result of Melted Iron

In 192 2 ,AmericanMeehanappliedthefirstpatentforinoculatedcastiron .Nowtherearemorethan 10 0 0kindsofinoculantsintheworld .Thein oculationmeansthatsomematerialisputintomeltedirontocausesome physicalandchemicalchangeswhicharedifferentfromthosecausedbythealloyingelementinthecastiron .Intheearlydays ,themaincontentofinoculantwassilicon ,andsoonafterwardscalcium ,aluminium ,barium ,strontiumandmanga nese ,etcwereincluded .In 196 1,ceriumwasintro ducedintoinoculant .Nowtheinoculantsarewidelyappli…     

Investigation of Crystallization Incorporation of Er-implanted Silicon

ＩｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＩｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥｒ－ｉｍｐｌａｎｔｅｄＳｉｌｉｃｏｎＷａｎＹａ（万亚）；ＬｉＤａｉｑｉｎｇ（李岱青）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ，ＹａｎｔａｉＴｅａｃｈｅｒｓ...     

Influence of Light Rare Earth on Toughness of Welded Seam of LAHS Steel

The influence mechanism of light rare earth elements, which are transited to the welding seam of low-alloy high strength (LAHS) steel through the covering of the electrode, on the toughness of the welding seam was studied. The experimental results show that proper amount of rare earth elements can desulfurate, dehydrogenate, reduce inclusions and purify the structure of the welding seam. Rare earth element additions have .the effect on welding seam and, at the same time, the transformation of side-batten ferrite is resisted while the pin-ferrite structure is promoted. The improvement of the toughness of the welding seam is due to the purifying action of rare earth elements as well as their refining effect on the structure. However, the toughness of the welding seam can decrease when the amount of light rare earth elements are added excessively because the crystal grains become coarser, porosities appear and the inclusions increase as well. The experimental results show that the suitable amount of light rare earth element additions is about 2%.     

The Characteristics of Adsorption and Desorption of Rare Earth Elements by the Main Types of Soils of China

The adsorption-desorption behavior of the mixed rare earth elements(RE)on the main types ofsoils of China,kaolinite and synthetic oxides was studied.The isothermal adsorption of RE was fitted toLangmuir.Freundlich and Temkin equations.The main factors determining the RE adsorption capacity ofthe soils are the type of clay mineral and the content of amorphous iron oxide in the soils.The above two fac-tors and the pH of soil determine the RE adsorption ability of the soils.The soil and synthetic iron,manga-nese oxides strongly adsorb RE specifically.     

Prediction of Heat of Fusion of Rare Earth Compounds from Binary Phase Diagrams

Based on the thermodynamical principle the new formula for calculation of heat of fusion and its error havebeen derived from binary phase diagrams which could be classified to eutectic,solid solution,degenerate eutecticand involving a compound phase diagram and so on.Using these formulae heats of fusion of some rare earth ox-ides have been predicted.     

Effect of Cerium on the Viscosity of Liquid Fe-C Alloy of Eutectic Content

The viscosities of liquid Fe-4.30C and Fe-4.30C-Ce alloys were measured by oscillating crucible viscometer. The results show that viscosity of Fe-4.30C alloy changes from 5.50 to 8.30 MPa~s when the liquid is cooled from 1425℃ to the melting point. The abnormity of viscosity of Fe-4.30C alloy near the melting point is reasonable due to the formation of graphite. The addition of cerium especially with content higher than 0.21% causes an evidently decrease in viscosity for eutectic alloy resulting from increase of free volume and size decrease of atom cluster in the liquids. It can be concended that the existence of C-Ce compound contributes to the discontinuous of viscosity at 1340 ～ 1370 ℃ for the Fe-4.30C-Ce alloy by experinments with differential scanning calorimeter.     

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of β-sialons

Conclusions We examined the behavior of two materials during high-temperature oxidation: the singlephase -sialon and the material based on -sialon containing up to 8% residual -Si₃N₄ and the glass phase produced by reaction sintering of the charge based on -modification of silicon nitride. The results show that the maximum oxidation resistance in the temperature range 800–1300°C is exhibited by the single-phase -sialon Si_5.5Al_0.5O_0.5N_7.5. The oxidation resistance decreases in the presence of the residual -Si₃N₄ and the glass phase in the material. The oxidation kinetics are also determined by the structure and composition of the oxide film. The kinetic curves are governed by a parabolic law which indicates that oxidation of the sialons is limited by the diffusion processes. No marked changes were detected in the lattice spacing of the sialon after oxidation.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 6(306), pp. 69–73, June, 1988.     

Effect of Cerium on Morphology of Phosphide Eutectic

At present, in cast iron fine melting, lowering phosphorus concentration with no loss ofother favorable elements at the same timeseems to be a problem, which still has notbeen solved thoroughly. Therefore, looking foran appropriate nodulizer to modify the morphology of phosphide eutectic, especially inhigh strength cast iron, is necessary. On theother hand, phosphorous can also exhibit itsfaVorable effect on mechanical properties aswell as processing behaviors. For instance,gray cast iron cont…     

A Study of Extraction of Scandium with BPMDD

Due to the ferro-philic and rock-philic geochemical properties, dispersion of resources as well as itscomplicated composition, the properties of scandium are similar to those of the lanthanide. Hence, its separa-tion from the lanthanides and iron is an important subject which has been studied extensively.1,10-bis(1'-phenyl-3'-methyl-5'-oxopyrazole-4'-yl)decane-1, 10-dione(BPMDD, H_2A)is a β-diketone chelating agent, and has a strong extracting power. The extraction of Sc with this chelating agenthas not been reported so far~([1]). In this communication, we attempt to separate scandium from the lanthanidesand some other elements by the extraction with BPMDD under suitable conditions.     

Computer Simulation of Effect of Intergrain Exchange Interaction on Magnetic Properties of Nanocomposite Magnets

Nanocompositemagnetsareoneofcandidatesformagnetsinthenextgeneration .Inananocompositemagnet,theexistenceofmagneticallysoftgrainswithahighsaturationmagnetizationenhancestherema nence,andconsequentlyahigh (BH ) max valueisachieved[1] .Asthemagnetizationinthesoftgrainsispreventedfromtheirreversalbytheintergrainex changeinteractionbetweensoftandhardgrains ,theintergrainexchangeinteractionplaysanimportantroleindeterminingmagneticproperties .Therefore ,itscontrolisconsideredtobeakeytechnologyforobt…