Wood Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Fibre Geometry and Coupling Agent on Physico-Mechanical Properties

Wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites at fibre content 50% by weight have been prepared and different types of wood fibres (hard wood fibre, soft wood fibre, long wood fibre and wood chips) were treated with coupling agent (MAH-PP) to increase the interfacial adhesion with the matrix to improve the dispersion of the particles and to decrease the water sorption properties of the final composite.The present study investigated the tensile, flexural, charpy impact and impact properties of wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites as a function of coupling agent and fibre length and structure.From the results it is observed that wood chips-PP composites showed better tensile and flexural properties comparative with the other wood fibre-PP composites with the addition of 5%MAH-PP, which is around 65% and 50% for tensile strength and flexural strength respectively. Hard wood fibre-PP composites showed better impact characteristic values comparative to other wood fibre-PP composites with the addition of 5%MAH-PP and damping index decreased about to 60%. Charpy impact strength also increased up to 60% with the addition of 5%MAH-PP for long wood fibre-PP composites. Water absorption and scanning electron microscopy of the composites are also investigated.     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强复合材料的性能研究

采用一种结构与超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维相似、且对纤维表面具有良好浸润性的碳氢树脂(PCH)作基体,通过层压成型方法制得UHMWPE/PCH复合材料.研究了复合材料的力学性能、介电性能、吸湿性能及界面黏结性能.结果表明,UHMWPE/PCH复合材料介电性能优异、力学性能好、耐湿热性能较佳、界面黏结性能好,可用作高性能透微波复合材料.     

循环挤出加工对木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响

考察了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)基木塑复合材料(WPC)在经过挤出机7次循环挤出后性能的变化情况,并加入抗氧剂四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(1010),研究了1010在循环加工过程中对材料性能的影响。实验结果表明,WPC的力学性能会随着加工次数增加明显下降,弯曲、拉伸和冲击强度分别下降约16%、20%和25%。WPC的结晶度则先降低后上升,储能模量和复数黏度都会不同程度地降低,热重分析则显示填充相木粉和基体HDPE都只发生了有限降解。而1010的加入使WPC的弯曲和拉伸强度略有降低,但会使冲击强度升高3%~7%,使WPC的结晶度提高1%~8%,使WPC的吸水率增大1.5%~7%。     

彩色木塑复合材料的老化性能

向桦木粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料中添加白色、黄色和红色着色剂,采用热压成型工艺制备彩色木塑复合材料。研究着色剂种类及含量对木塑复合材料力学性能和表面颜色的影响,同时分别考察彩色木塑复合材料在户外自然老化和紫外光加速老化箱中的老化情况,分析讨论其老化机制。结果表明:添加着色剂可提高木塑复合材料的力学性能,改善材料的外观颜色;木塑复合材料的力学强度和总色差随着色剂用量的增加而逐渐增大,当着色剂用量为3.5wt%时,复合材料的性能达到最佳;木塑复合材料经老化实验后表面褪色明显且力学强度显著降低,但自然老化后其性能下降更明显。这主要是因为木塑复合材料在老化过程中,不仅受到紫外光的照射发生了光降解,而且长期被雨水冲刷导致材料表面的桦木纤维及着色剂大量剥落,降低了材料界面结合强度,从而导致材料性能明显下降。     

金属纤维／聚合物导电复合材料的性能研究

以铜纤维和不锈钢纤维为导电填料，分别填充了ＡＢＳ、ＨＩＰＳ和ＰＰＳ对脂基体，制得导电复合材料。研究了金属纤维含量及工艺条件对复合材料的导电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明，选择合适的工艺条件以保证金属纤维有较大的长径比并在树脂中有良好的分散状态，是制造性能优良的导电复合材料的关键。     

硼酚醛/杉木粉复合材料的制备与性能

以杉木粉为原料、硼酚醛预聚体为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了硼酚醛/杉木粉复合材料。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热失重等分析方法,研究了该复合材料的结构和相关性能。结果表明,木材中的羟基与硼酚醛预聚体上的羟基发生了缩合反应,形成了比较稳定的B-O-C键,木材纤维素的结晶被破坏,介观空隙消失;木粉用量的增加会导致复合材料缩合反应程度下降,木材纤维素结晶遭破坏程度降低。缩合反应生成的强化学键显著提高了复合材料的耐热性能,使失重10%时的热分解温度从270℃(木粉)提高到547℃。复合材料的吸水率远小于木材,而冲击强度、拉伸强度均呈现随木粉用量的增加先增大后降低的趋势。     

木粉表面改性对聚氯乙烯/木粉复合材料性能的影响

选用不同偶联剂对木粉(WF)进行表面改性。对聚氯乙烯/木粉(PVC/WF)复合材料力学性能测试结果表明,异氰酸酯偶联剂更适合对WF的表面改性。WF经异氰酸酯偶联剂处理后疏水性得到明显改善。随WF填充量增加,PVC/WF复合材料冲击强度和线性热膨胀系数下降,吸水率和维卡软化温度上升,并且异氰酸酯偶联剂处理WF填充的PVC/WF复合材料(PVC/WF-1)各种性能都较未处理WF填充的PVC/WF复合材料(PVC/WF-2)好。填充30份时,PVC/WF-1复合材料的拉伸强度比纯PVC提高约10%,吸水率小于0.6%,维卡软化温度比PVC提高2.9℃,线性热膨胀系数从PVC的8.55×10-5℃-1降低到6.01×10-5℃-1。扫描电镜观察结果证明异氰酸酯偶联剂处理WF有利于提高WF与PVC基体的界面相互作用。     

Effects of Process-Induced Voids on the Properties of Fibre Reinforced Composites

It is well known that voids have detrimental effects on the performance of composites. This study aims to provide a practical method for predicting the effects of process induced voids on the properties of composites. Representative volume elements(RVE) for carbon ?bre/epoxy composites of various ?bre volume fractions and void contents are created, and the moduli and strengths are derived by ?nite element analysis(FEA). Regression models are ?tted to the FEA data for predicting composite properties including tensile, compressive and shear. The strengths of composite laminates including tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength(ILSS) are calculated with the aid of the developed models. The model predictions are compared with various experimental data and good agreement is found. The outcome from this study provides a useful optimisation and robust design tool for realising affordable composite products when process induced voids are taken into account.     

树脂基纤维增强摩阻材料研究进展

综述了国内外目前树脂基纤维增强摩阻材料的研究进展,主要介绍了树脂基摩阻材料的摩擦学特性及摩擦磨损机理;树脂基体的改性研究成果,归纳了填料种类对摩阻材料摩擦学特性的影响.对常用的增强纤维性能作了对比,尤其是对天然植物剑麻纤维及其增强材料特性作了总结.笔者首次研究了剑麻纤维增强汽车刹车片,认为将剑麻纤维应用于摩阻材料将会是一个新的研究热点.     

聚乙烯/杨木粉基木塑复合材料的性能研究

目的 研究硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)处理木粉以及微胶囊红磷(HP)阻燃对木塑复合材料(WPC)的性能影响.方法 以杨木粉、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和HP为原料,采用二次共混造粒及注射模塑法,制备WPC,通过熔体流动速率(MFR)试验、拉伸试验、TGA谱图分析、Kissinger动力学分析和SEM显微观察研究WPC的性能.结果 采用KH-550处理木粉后,体系的MFR提高了0.01 g/min,拉伸时的最大位移提高了2.59 mm,HP的添加使WPC在分解5％和50％时的温度分别提高了18℃和54℃,KH-550和HP共改性的WPC在420～500℃(主要分解阶段)的表观活化能为153 kJ/mol.结论 采用KH-550处理杨木粉后,使体系的拉伸性能得到有效改善,在添加质量分数为10％的HP后,WPC的阻燃效果得到显著提高.     

威碳纤维及其SiC基复合材料的性能分析

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)为先驱体,国产光威(Gw)碳纤维为增强体,采用先驱体浸渍-裂解工艺(PIP)制备了Cf/SiC复合材料.结果表明,所制备Gw碳纤维复合材料的力学性能优异,抗弯强度达到405.3MPa,断裂韧性15.7 MPa·m1/2.并对GW纤维制备复合材料的表面和断口进行了显微形貌分析,复合材料断口纤维拔出较多,Gw碳纤维在复合材料中很好地发挥了补强增韧作用.     

Microstructure and Properties of M40 Carbon Fibre Reinforced Mg-Re-Zr Alloy Composites

M40 carbon fibre reinforced rare earth magnesium alloy ZM6 composites with fibre volume fraction about 60%were fabricated by pressure infiltration method.The microstructure, interfacial morphology, and precipitation were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive Xray spectrometer.It was shown that the interfaces between Mg alloy and fibres were well bonded and free from cracks.The Mg12Nd phase was preferentially precipitated at the fibre/matrix interfaces, leading to the segregation of Nd at the interfaces and the dramatic decrease of Mg12Nd precipitation in the matrix far from interfaces.Crystal defects such as high-density dislocations and twins were observed in the matrix near the fibre/matrix interface.A high bending strength (1393 MPa) and elastic modulus (190 GPa) were achieved in M40/ZM6 composite.     

木纤维增强不饱和聚酯复合材料的拉伸性能与界面特性

以不饱和聚酯和Kraft(牛皮纸)木纤维为原料,以乙烯基异氰酸酯为偶联剂,制得了拉伸强度高达167.6 MPa的热固性木塑复合材料,有望在工程结构领域中得到应用。湿热老化前后的拉伸性能测试、扫描电镜(SEM)和动态力学分析(DMA)表明,由于乙烯基异氰酸酯使复合材料界面形成牢固的化学键结合,使复合材料的力学性能和耐湿热性能显著提高;适当增加成型压力也能改善复合材料的界面结合效果而提高拉伸性能;湿热老化后,复合材料的拉伸性能都有所降低,但偶联剂改性复合材料的拉伸性能降幅明显减小。     

剑麻纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的动态力学性能、力学性能和热性能

采用碱处理方法对剑麻纤维(SF)进行处理、细化,通过模压成型制备剑麻纤维/酚醛树脂(SF/PF)复合材料.采用动态力学(DMA)、力学性能、热膨胀性能等测定研究了剑麻纤维的加入量对复合材料的动态力学性能、冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、比强度、比模量、耐磨性能、热膨胀性能的影响,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了材料冲击断面和磨损面的形态.结果表明,制得的SF/PF复合材料的α转变温度提高,贮存模量提高,材料的力学性能和耐磨性得到显著改善,加入SF的复合材料的冲击断裂面出现明显的纤维拔出形态,材料的磨损面呈现粘着磨损特征形态.     

界面改性增强塑木复合材料力学性能的研究进展

综述了国内外界面改性增强塑木复合材料力学性能的研究进展,包括界面改性增强的作用机理、木纤维的表面改性、塑料的表面改性和添加界面相容剂等,并展望了塑木复合材料界面改性研究的未来趋势。     

添加纳米碳酸钙对木粉/PVC复合材料的影响

在聚氯乙烯木塑(PVC/WF)体系中加入纳米碳酸钙(NCC),采用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混造粒制备了系列NCC/WF/PVC复合材料。测试力学性能和锥形量热计燃烧性能表明,在木粉未经表面偶联剂处理时添加NCC对复合材料力学性能改善效果不明显;而木粉经偶联处理后,木塑力学性能得到有效提高,因为木粉与PVC界面粘接性能得到明显改善;在木粉经表面处理的基础上添加适量纳米碳酸钙可进一步提高复合材料的力学性能,并且阻燃性能也得以有效提高。     

Effects of Daniella oliveri Wood Flour Characteristics on the Processing and Functional Properties of Wood Polymer Composites

The effects of particle sizes/distribution and contents on the processing, changes in microstructure and functional properties of wood polymer composites (WPCs) prepared from virgin high-density polyethylene (vHDPE) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated Daniella oliveri wood flour via compression molding have been explored. Findings from this study suggested that an appropriate choice of wood flour characteristics could improve the interactions between the wood flour and the vHDPE matrix by eliminating incomplete wetting, segregation, and agglomeration of wood flour particles during processing while enhancing mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. Properties of the WPCs were optimized when wood flour of particle sizes/distribution and contents of +210–300 µm and 35 wt%, respectively, were blended with vHDPE matrix.     

亚临界流体挤出法制备高密度聚乙烯/木粉复合材料

采用亚临界流体挤出法制备高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/木粉复合材料,研究了亚临界流体种类(去离子水、正丙醇和乙醇)与温度对木塑复合材料(WPC)综合力学性能的影响。实验利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析和扫描电镜分别对复合材料的化学组成、热变形温度和界面形貌作了相应的研究。结果表明,亚临界流体的高温高压可以对木纤维起到很好的溶胀作用,一定程度上打破了木素、半纤维素对纤维素的包裹作用,明显促进基体与木纤维之间的机械捏合与酯化反应,增加界面强度。在亚临界流体条件下,尤其在亚临界乙醇条件下,木粉在HDPE树脂基体中具有优异的分散性,拉伸断面处的断裂形式主要以基体与纤维断裂为主,说明HDPE/木粉的WPC具有较好的界面结合强度。