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连续微滤膜系统应用于污水深度处理 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
将污水处理厂生物处理的二级出水,采用连续微滤膜(CMF)系统进行深度处理,满足多用途回用。一方面消除了二级出水潜在的二次环境污染,同时有效地利用了水资源,实现了对水资源合理地利用和保护,这对我国淡水资源缺乏的北方地区水资源利用和保护具有重大意义。采用连续微滤膜分离系统对天津经济技术开发区污水处理厂SBR工艺的二级出水进行深度处理中试试验研究,二级出水经过CMF膜分离系统处理后,悬浮物小于5mg/L,浊度小于0.5NTU,细菌和大肠杆菌几乎全部去除。 相似文献
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对强化混凝去除二级生化出水中磷的可行性进行了研究。研究结果表明,在磷质量浓度较高(约10mg/L)的情况下,聚合硫酸铁和聚合氯化铝不宜作为除磷的混凝剂;而自制931型复合混凝剂的处理效果较好。在931投加量160mg/L、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量0.5mg/L、pH值6.5的条件下,混凝效果最佳,出水中磷的质量浓度在1.0mg/L以下,可满足GB18918—2002规定的一级排放标准的要求,且处理效果稳定,重现性较好。成本核算显示,总运行成本约0.33元/m^3,运行成本合理,具有较高的应用价值。 相似文献
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含氟废水会对环境造成巨大危害,但传统钙盐法难以实现含氟废水达标排放。为解决某光伏企业的高氟废水处理问题,本研究对实际生产废水进行研究,确立了一级钙盐联合二级混凝的工艺路线,并对高氟废水进行单因素实验和正交试验,以钙盐种类及投加量、反应pH、混凝剂种类为变量,以出水残氟质量浓度为考察指标,为工程应用确定了一种合适的除氟工况。结果表明,影响除氟效果的因素依次为钙氟物质的量比>二级混凝反应pH>复合除氟剂(DAMW-03)用量>一级钙盐反应pH。最优除氟工况为:一级钙盐反应以CaCl2为钙源,钙源投加量为理论钙氟物质的量比(0.5)的1.25倍以上,并使用Ca(OH)2调节pH=8;二级混凝反应可添加50 mg/L PAC或复合除氟剂(DAMW-03),控制pH在5~7,最终可实现中性出水且出水ρ(F-)可稳定小于5 mg/L。一级钙盐法联合二级混凝法可使高氟废水稳定达标排放,具有处理效率高、试剂易得、处理成本较低等优点。 相似文献
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通过在含氟废水中投加可溶性镧盐,形成La-F胶体,再利用氯化铁-氧化钙-聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)混凝体系沉淀去除水体中的氟离子。利用较优的除氟工艺,即La3+∶F-(摩尔比)=2∶3,pH=5,PAM∶F-(质量比)=5∶1,处理初始氟离子浓度为20~200 mg/L的含氟废水,可将出水氟离子浓度控制在1 mg/L以下。由于La3+与F-之间较强的亲和作用,二者在水中可形成以LaFx(OH)3-x形式存在的胶体颗粒,后续加入的氯化铁和氧化钙破坏了胶体体系的稳定状态,并通过Fe3+和PAM的凝聚-絮凝作用去除水体中的氟离子。该工艺的沉淀副产物可作为染料废水脱色用吸附剂,其对模拟污染物刚果红的吸附容量达337.8 mg/g,且大部分有效吸附发生在前3 min。 相似文献
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为了确保煤矿矿井水出水氟化物质量浓度达到《GB 3838-2002地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准要求,采用RO反渗透法净化矿井水,研究了矿井水pH、盐质量浓度、系统压力及进水温度等主要因素对除氟性能的影响;结果表明:随着矿井水pH增大、矿井水盐质量浓度增大、系统压力增大、进水温度升高,除氟率均逐渐降低;为确保出水氟化物质量浓度小于1 mg/L,需将矿井水进水pH调至小于8,进水盐质量浓度调至小于5 g/L,反渗透系统压力控制在1.5 MPa以下,进水水温控制在60℃以下。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献