三维机织复合材料预制体经密与弯曲性能的有限元分析

借助绘图软件PRO/E构建出不同经密的三维浅交弯联机织复合材料结构模型。使用有限元分析软件ANSYS对构建出的复合材料三维模型在位移为1mm的弯曲载荷作用下复合材料的弯曲力学性能进行模拟,并分别对纤维、树脂的应力、应变分布进行模拟,分析其弯曲破坏机理。并通过定性实验,得到了与模拟结果相同的结论,验证了模拟结果的准确性。结果表明:在1mm的弯曲载荷作用下经密为4根/cm的复合材料弯曲性能优于经密为3根/cm的复合材料;复合材料与弯曲试样接触的位置更容易发生破坏;该复合材料模型在1mm的弯曲载荷作用下破坏模式主要为树脂的破碎、纤维与树脂间的脱粘。     

准三维炭／炭复合材料力学性能分析

以针刺网胎无纬布交替叠层准三维结构为预制体,采用热梯度化学气相沉积（TCVI）和树脂压力浸渍-炭化（PIC）混合致密方法得到不同密度的炭／炭复合材料,研究了密度和热处理温度对炭／炭复合材料弯曲和压缩性能的影响,并对其机理进行了探讨。结果表明：增大材料的密度可以提高材料的弯曲和压缩性能,破坏机理发生改变,密度较低时,弯曲破坏方式为“假塑性”的分层破坏模式,压缩破坏为压溃式破坏;高密度的试样,弯曲破坏为拉应力或压应力破坏模式,压缩破坏为剪切和分层破坏模式,表现出一定的脆性;热处理温度升高,降低了材料的弯曲和压缩强度或模量,但明显改变了材料的破坏模式,增多了裂纹扩展或偏转的途径,表现出更好的“假塑性”;由分析得出,准三维炭／炭复合材料承压时,针刺处是力学薄弱点,易产生分层。     

三维机织预制体结构对C/C复合材料力学性能的影响

本工作设计并用炭纤维织造了两种不同结构的三维预制体,即三维角联锁结构(JLS)和三向正交结构(SZJ),采用化学气相渗透(CVI)致密和液相树脂浸渍/炭化的增密工艺,制备出C/C复合材料,测试并对比分析了拉伸性能和冲剪性能.结果表明:预制体结构对C/C复合材料的力学性能有很大影响,同时决定拉伸断裂破坏模式.三向正交结构C/C复合材料的力学性能好于三维角联锁结构的C/C复合材料.     

拉伸载荷下贴补复合材料层合板的渐进损伤分析

基于连续介质损伤力学和粘聚区模型建立了贴补复合材料层合板的渐进损伤分析模型,计算了拉伸载荷下修补结构的极限强度。数值仿真结果和实验结果吻合较好,验证了该模型的有效性。基于建立的模型研究了贴补复合材料层合板的损伤演化过程,并讨论了补片参数对修补结构拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明:补片参数对贴补复合材料层合板的破坏模式与损伤演化过程有显著影响;不同破坏模式下,补片参数的改变对修补结构极限强度的影响效果不同。研究结果可为复合材料层合板的贴补设计提供部分理论参考。     

碳纤维复合材料假脚冲击后疲劳性能影响因素分析

基于三维逐渐损伤理论和有限元法,对碳纤维复合材料假脚在冲击载荷及冲击后疲劳载荷作用下的破坏过程进行分析,研究了不同冲击能量、不同冲头材料、不同应力水平等因素对碳纤维假脚的冲击损伤及疲劳性能的影响规律。结果表明,在冲击载荷作用下,碳纤维复合材料假脚的损伤模式主要为基体开裂、纤维压缩和分层。随着冲击能量的增加,上述3种破坏模式的损伤单元数逐渐增大;尽管随着冲击能量的增加,碳纤维复合材料假脚的疲劳循环次数逐渐降低,但二者之间并不满足线性关系,即存在冲击能门槛值。对于碳纤维复合材料假脚而言,其冲击能门槛值为7J;冲头材料越硬,碳纤维复合材料结构件的冲击损伤面积越大,疲劳性能下降越剧烈;碳纤维复合材料假脚的疲劳循环次数随着加载应力的增加而显著降低。     

基于剪切非线性三维损伤本构模型的复合材料层合板失效强度预测

基于连续损伤力学,建立了同时考虑复合材料剪切非线性效应和损伤累积导致材料属性退化的三维损伤本构模型。模型能够区分纤维损伤、基体损伤和分层损伤不同的失效模式,并定义了相应损伤模式的损伤变量。复合材料层合板层内纤维初始损伤采用最大应力准则判定,基体初始损伤采用三维Puck准则中的基体失效准则判定,分层初始损伤采用三维Hou准则中的分层破坏准则判定,为了计算Puck失效理论中的基体失效断裂面角度,本文提出了分区抛物线法,通过Matlab软件编写计算程序并进行分析。结果表明,与Puck遍历法和分区黄金分割法对比,本文提出的分区抛物线法有效地降低了求解断裂面角度的计算次数,提高了计算效率和计算精度。推导了本构模型的应变驱动显式积分算法以更新应力和解答相关的状态变量,开发了包含数值积分算法的用户自定义子程序VUMAT,并嵌于有限元程序Abaqus v6.14中。通过对力学行为展现显著非线性效应的AS4碳纤维/3501-6环氧树脂复合材料层合板进行渐进失效分析,验证了本文提出的材料本构模型的有效性。结果显示,已提出的模型能够较准确地预测此类复合材料层合板的力学行为及其失效强度,为复合材料构件及其结构设计提供一种有效的分析方法。      

基于声发射检测技术的PE/PE自增强复合材料破损机理分析

用声发射(AE)技术研究了聚乙烯自增强复合材料的拉伸损伤与断裂行为.宽带传感器记录了不同角度纤维铺层的复合材料试样在拉伸破坏过程中的声发射信号,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了试样的几种典型的损伤破坏断面,对比分析了不同类型的损伤机制.实验分析表明,拉伸过程中破坏机制对声发射信号的特征具有显著影响,不同损伤模式的信号频谱特征存在明显的差异.声发射检测能有效提取热塑性复合材料损伤破坏信息,在材料的结构损伤主动监测中有良好的应用潜力.     

3DC/C复合材料的弯曲行为

采用三点弯曲方法测试了化学气相浸渗法(CVI)工艺制备的三维编织碳/碳复合材料(3DC/C复合材料)的性能,借助于偏光显微镜和扫描电镜研究了材料的组织结构和断口形貌,分析了密度及编织结构对材料性能和断裂模式的影响.结果表明:材料密度对弯曲强度、模量影响很大,并随试样密度的增加,3DC/C复合材料的材料的破坏模式从"假塑性"向"脆性"模式转化,"假塑性"破坏模式表现出纤维束间的剪切破坏,"脆性"破坏模式表现出纤维束的拉伸断裂.     

复合材料层合板冲击后压-压疲劳寿命预测方法

针对冲击后复合材料层合板, 发展了含冲击初始损伤层合板的压-压疲劳寿命预测方法。该方法基于无损单向板的力学性能和疲劳特性, 对不同铺层参数、 不同几何尺寸以及不同冲击条件下层合板的疲劳寿命进行预测。为消除人为假设冲击损伤造成的误差, 对层合板在冲击载荷及冲击后疲劳载荷作用下的破坏进行全程分析, 即把冲击后层合板的实际损伤状态直接作为疲劳分析的初始状态。同时基于逐渐损伤思想, 推导了含冲击初始损伤层合板的应力分析过程, 建立了相应的三维逐渐累积损伤模型, 开发了参数化的复合材料层合结构冲击及冲击后疲劳破坏模拟程序, 为复合材料层合结构的抗冲击设计及其疲劳损伤扩展行为研究提供了较好的技术平台。      

三维复合材料层合板渐进损伤非线性分析模型

为有效反映复合材料层合板层间相互作用和材料损伤非线性,建立了中等尺度的三维复合材料层合板渐进损伤分析模型。非线性渐进损伤分析过程包括应力求解、材料损伤失效判据及材料性能退化方案3个方面。讨论了损伤材料性能退化方案,引入与材料损伤模式相对应的损伤变量表征材料点的损伤状态,材料的刚度矩阵按损伤变量退化。基于该模型可成功预测复合材料层合板损伤起始、扩展直至最终失效的整个过程和极限强度。经文献试验数据验证,12种不同铺层顺序层合板的计算强度与试验数据均吻合较好,表明该模型在复合材料层合板极限强度预测上的有效性。     

Recent developments on damage modeling and finite element analysis for composite laminates: A review

Under complex environments such as continuous or cyclic loads, the stiffness degradation for the laminated composites such as the carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites is an important physical and mechanical response to the damage and failure evolution. It is essential to simulate the initial and subsequent evolution process of this kind of damage phenomenon accurately in order to explore the mechanical properties of composite laminates. This paper gives a comprehensive review on the general methodologies on the damage constitutive modeling by continuum damage mechanics (CDM), the various failure criteria, the damage evolution law simulating the stiffness degradation, and the finite element implementation of progressive failure analysis in terms of the mechanical response for the variable-stiffness composite laminates arising from the continuous failure. The damage constitutive modeling is discussed by describing the evolvement of damage tensors and conjugate forces in the CDM theory. The failure criteria which interpret the failure modes and their interaction are compared and some advanced methods such as the cohesive theory which are used to predict the damage evolution properties of composites are also discussed. In addition, the solution algorithm using finite element analysis which implements progressive failure analysis is summarized and several applicable methods which deal with the numerical convergence problem due to singular finite element stiffness matrices are also compared in order to explore the whole failure process and ultimate load-bearing ability of composite laminates. Finally, the multiscale progressive failure analysis as a popular topic which associates the macroscopic with microscopic damage and failure mechanisms is discussed and the extended finite element method as a new finite element technique is expected to accelerate its practical application to the progressive failure analysis of composite laminates.     

Multiscale finite element modeling of failure process of composite laminates

A multiscale nonlinear finite element modeling technique is developed in this paper to predict the progressive failure process for composite laminates. A micromechanical elastic–plastic bridging constitutive model, which considers the nonlinear material properties of the constituent fiber and matrix materials and their interaction and the damage and failure in fibrous composites at the fiber and matrix level, is proposed to represent the material behavior of fiber-reinforced composite laminates. The micromechanics constitutive model is employed in the macroscale finite element analysis of structural behavior especially progressive failure process of the fiber-reinforced composites based on a 4-node 24-DOF shear-locking free rectangular composite plate element.     

弯曲载荷下机织复合材料T型接头渐进失效分析

根据树脂传递模塑(RTM)成型的缎纹机织复合材料T型接头的结构特征和纤维布局特点, 基于ANSYS有限元数值分析平台, 建立符合其真实结构的几何模型和有限元分析模型。基于渐进失效强度预测方法的基本思想, 使用有限元计算软件ANSYS的参数化设计语言(APDL)开发相应的程序, 实现改进形式的Hashin失效准则。采用合适的最终失效评价方法, 建立二维机织结构复合材料T型接头受弯曲载荷时的渐进失效预测方法, 能够有效地模拟从初始加载到最终失效过程中机织复合材料T型接头结构的力学响应及损伤的萌生与发展, 并预测结构的静强度。      

复合材料整体化多墙盒段渐进式失效分析和试验验证

为准确预测复合材料盒段的损伤起始和破坏过程,针对复合材料整体化多墙盒段研究了考虑材料失效的渐进损伤有限元分析技术。首先基于ABAQUS软件,利用标准试验获得的材料力学性能建立了盒段渐进损伤分析模型,分别采用三维Hashin失效准则和平方应力失效准则作为复合材料层板和连接界面的失效判据;然后,基于该模型完成了复合材料整体化多墙盒段后屈曲承载能力的求解,并利用破坏试验对分析模型进行验证。结果表明:结构承载能力和应力的有限元分析结果与试验值吻合良好,预测的失效模式也与试验结果一致,屈曲载荷和承载能力误差在5%以内。所得结论表明考虑层板失效和界面脱粘的分析模型能有效模拟整体化多墙盒段的破坏过程。      

Effects of shape memory alloys on low velocity impact characteristics of composite plate

The effects of shape memory alloy thin films embedded in composite plates for improving damage resistance of composite structures under low velocity impact were investigated numerically. Analysis model for SMA thin film was developed based on Lagoudas’ model and implemented using the user defined material subroutine of the ABAQUS/Explicit finite element program. Composite damage model based on the Chang–Chang failure criteria was also implemented to consider progressive damage behavior. The finite element simulation of low velocity impact behavior of a shape memory alloy hybrid composite plate was performed using the ABAQUS/Explicit program. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the effect of shape memory alloys for improving damage resistance of composite plate.     

复合材料双曲率壳屈曲和后屈曲的非线性有限元研究

基于 ABAQUS软件分析平台 , 采用非线性有限元法研究了横向载荷作用下复合材料双曲率壳的屈曲和后屈曲行为。通过在有限元模型中引入 Tsai2Wu失效准则 , 预测了复合材料双曲率壳的初始失效及渐进破坏过程 , 数值结果和试验数据吻合较好 , 表明了该模型的合理有效性 , 并详细讨论了各种参数对屈曲和后屈曲行为的影响。经分析复合材料双曲率加筋壳在均布压载和剪力联合作用下的屈曲和后屈曲行为 , 得到了屈曲载荷的拟合曲线 , 研究表明顺剪力的存在有利于提高屈曲载荷。     

压缩载荷下复合材料整体加筋板渐进损伤非线性数值分析

建立了考虑脱粘的复合材料整体加筋板渐进损伤有限元分析模型。该模型采用界面单元模拟筋条与壁板之间的连接界面, 连接界面和复合材料层板分别采用Quads准则和Hashin准则作为失效判据, 基于ABAQUS软件, 建立了含连续损伤状态变量的材料刚度退化方案。基于该模型, 采用非线性有限元方法研究了压缩载荷下复合材料整体加筋壁板在考虑初始几何缺陷时的破坏过程, 分析了结构相应失效模式的细观损伤机制; 详细讨论了轴向刚度比对结构承载能力及破坏模式的影响。结果表明: 考虑脱粘损伤的有限元模型能有效模拟加筋板的破坏过程; 在加筋板铺层设计合理的情况下, 增加筋条与壁板刚度比能有效提高加筋板截面单位面积的承载能力。      

Progressive failure modeling of woven fabric composite materials using multicontinuum theory

Failure of composite materials often results from damage accumulation in the individual constituents (fiber and matrix) of the composite. At times, damage may even be limited to a single constituent. The ability to accurately predict not only ultimate strength values but also intermediate constituent level failures is crucial to the success of introducing composite materials into demanding structural applications.In this paper, we develop two progressive failure models for the analysis of a plain weave composite material. The formulations are based on treating the weave as consisting of separate but linked continua representing the warp fiber bundles, fill fiber bundles, and pure matrix pockets. Retaining constituent identities allows one to access constituent (phase averaged) stress fields that are used in conjunction with both a stress based and damage based failure criterion to construct a nonlinear progressive failure algorithm for the woven fabric composite material. The MCT decomposition and the nonlinear progressive failure algorithm are incorporated within the framework of a traditional finite element analysis.The constituent based progressive failure algorithm combined with both the stress based and damage based failure criteria are compared against experimental data for a plain weave, woven fabric composite under various loading conditions. The analytical results from the damage based approach show a marked improvement over the stress based predictions and are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.     

Simulating Initial and Progressive Failure of Open-Hole Composite Laminates under Tension

A finite element (FE) model is developed for the progressive failure analysis of fiber reinforced polymer laminates. The failure criterion for fiber and matrix failure is implemented in the FE code Abaqus using user-defined material subroutine UMAT. The gradual degradation of the material properties is controlled by the individual fracture energies of fiber and matrix. The failure and damage in composite laminates containing a central hole subjected to uniaxial tension are simulated. The numerical results show that the damage model can be used to accurately predicte the progressive failure behaviour both qualitatively and quantitatively.     

A combined elastoplastic damage model for progressive failure analysis of composite materials and structures

The paper is concerned with the development and verification of a combined elastoplastic damage model for the progressive failure analysis of composite materials and structures. The model accounts for the irreversible strains caused by plasticity effects and material properties degradation due to the damage initiation and development. The strain-driven implicit integration procedure is developed using equations of continuum damage mechanics, plasticity theory and includes the return mapping algorithm. A tangent operator consistent with the integration procedure is derived to ensure a computational efficiency of the Newton–Raphson method in the finite element analysis. The algorithm is implemented in Abaqus as a user-defined subroutine. The efficiency of the constitutive model and computational procedure is demonstrated using the analysis of the progressive failure of composite laminates containing through holes and subjected to in-plane uniaxial tensile loading. It has been shown that the predicted results agree well with the experimental data reported in the literature.