纳米坡缕石/铜复合材料对钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能

采用化学还原法和球磨共混添加法制备了纳米坡缕石/铜（P/Cu）复合材料,采用粒度分析仪和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对复合纳米粒子的粒度和形貌进行表征。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了不同纳米P/Cu添加量和不同P与Cu配比的复合粉体作为润滑油添加剂对高副钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）对摩擦表面进行形貌、元素性能分析。结果表明,所制备的纳米P/Cu粒径基本小于100 nm,分散稳定性良好,在纳米P/Cu为1wt%且P：Cu＝3：1（质量比）添加量下表现出最优的摩擦学性能,其钢球磨斑直径比基础油的减小了20.7%。纳米P/Cu可在摩擦表面生成含Mg、Al、Si和Cu等元素的自修复膜,补偿摩擦磨损且使摩擦表面变光滑。     

纳米坡缕石润滑油添加剂对45~#钢摩擦副的抗磨及自修复性能

制备的纳米坡缕石粒子经KH550表面修饰后分别按质量分数为2%,4%添加到150N基础油中,采用MMU-10G摩擦磨损试验机考察其作为润滑油添加剂对45#调质钢摩擦副的抗磨减摩和自修复性能。利用电子天平测定试样的失重量以表征其耐磨性能和自修复效果,用光学显微镜和SEM对摩擦表面形貌进行观察和分析,借助EDX测定摩擦表面成分的变化。结果表明:试样在纳米坡缕石添加剂为2%的润滑油体系中自修复作用微弱,磨损率下降有限,减磨仅发生在初期磨合阶段;而试样在坡缕石添加剂为4%的润滑油体系中总磨损量比纯基础油体系下降了26.5%,经成分和形貌分析,该试样表面生成了含坡缕石特征元素呈斑状分布的自修复膜层,耐磨性和自修复效果最好。     

含纳米CaCO3,Cu混合物添加剂润滑油的研究

采用纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子混合物作为润滑油添加剂.选择合适的表面活性剂制备含纳米碳酸钙和纳米铜粒子混合物添加剂的润滑油.利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察含纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子添加剂的润滑油的摩擦学性能;用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察表面磨痕的形貌.用原子力显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察分析在磨损表面纳米粒子的形态与分布.研究结果表明,纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜的粒子混合物的最佳添加量为:纳米碳酸钙与纳米铜的总添加量的质量分数为0.6%,纳米碳酸钙与纳米铜的质量分数之比为1∶1;该润滑油具有最佳的摩擦学性能.研究还表明,润滑油中纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子混合物添加剂的优良摩擦学性能与纳米粒子在表面存在形态相关.     

纳米金属/层状硅酸盐复合润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能

采用机械化学法制备了纳米铜/蛇纹石复合润滑材料,利用微动摩擦磨损试验机考察了其作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,借助纳米压痕仪（nano-in-denter）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散谱仪（EDS）及光电子能谱仪（XPS）对磨损表面进行了表征,探讨了减摩抗磨机理。结果表明复合润滑材料具有优异的摩擦学性能,其摩擦因数及磨损率分别较基础油降低约16.4%和69.2%。复合润滑剂颗粒参与了摩擦界面复杂的理化作用,形成了致密光滑的保护膜,主要由Fe、Si等元素组成,具有较高的微观力学性能,提高了摩擦表面的磨损抗力,显著地降低了摩擦磨损。     

纳米坡缕石润滑油添加剂对灰铸铁HT200摩擦磨损性能的影响

制备坡缕石纳米粒子添加到150N基础油的润滑油体系,在MMU-10G摩擦磨损试验机上分别对该纳米粒子润滑油体系和纯150N基础油,在混合润滑条件下的铸铁HT200试样对摩时的摩擦磨损性能进行研究,并用SEM和金相显微镜对磨损表面进行观察和分析,借助EDX测定试样表面成分的变化,探讨摩擦磨损性能变化的机理。结果表明:自制备的用KH550硅烷偶联剂球磨修饰的坡缕石纳米粒子在基础油中分散性良好,在该润滑剂润滑条件下对摩的试样表面生成了自修复膜层,其磨损量明显减小,失重量下降约25.2%,平均摩擦系数下降约32.3%。     

纳米铜颗粒的摩擦学性能研究及其减摩润滑机理探讨

采用端面摩擦磨损实验机考察了表面修饰纳米铜颗粒作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,利用SEM,EDS和纳米压痕仪对摩擦表面进行了形貌、元素和力学性能分析.结果表明:纳米铜颗粒能够显著改善石油基础油650SN的抗磨减摩性能,降低摩擦表面温度.这主要是由于纳米铜颗粒在摩擦过程中在摩擦表面熔化、润湿摩擦副基体并最终铺展形成一层软的铜保护膜,从而显著降低了摩擦和粘着磨损.     

纳米铜润滑油添加剂的制备及其摩擦学性能

为了研究纳米铜粉的制备与其摩擦学性能,利用高能球磨机采用干湿磨相结合的方法制备了纳米铜粉,再将其加入500SN齿轮油中制成润滑油添加剂,用透射电镜(TEM)及万能磨擦磨损试验机研究了纳米铜粉的微观形貌及其润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能。结果表明:纳米铜粉粒径为10～40 nm,在修饰剂中分散较好,颗粒表面有明显包覆层;纳米铜润滑油添加剂可提高基础油的减摩抗磨性能;纳米铜粉含量0.05%的纳米铜润滑油样的摩擦学性能最好且摩擦系数最低;低载荷下纳米铜润滑油样的摩擦学性能优于高载荷下的。     

纳米铜添加剂对重载车辆润滑油摩擦学性能影响的研究

采用化学反应法制备了表面修饰的纳米铜微粉,采用超声分散工艺分散于16#机油基础油中,利用T-11摩擦磨损实验机进行摩擦磨损试验。试验结果表明：不含纳米Cu的减摩添加剂和含纳米Cu的减摩添加剂添加到16#机油中,磨损量分别减少了19％、33％,减摩性能分别提高59％、86％。能谱分析表明磨痕表面不均匀的分布有铜元素,说明添加剂中的纳米铜在磨痕表面沉积,起到改善润滑油抗磨性能的作用。     

纳米碳酸钙、铜粒子混合物用作润滑油添加剂的研究

本研究采用纳米碳酸钙和铜粒子混合物作为添加剂加入润滑油中,选择合适的表面活性剂制备含纳米碳酸钙和纳米铜粒子混合物添加剂的润滑油.采用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定含纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子添加剂的润滑油的摩擦学性能;使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等观察分析磨损钢球表面的磨痕形貌、化学元素和纳米粒子形态.结果表明,纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜的混合粒子的最佳添加量为:总添加量Wt(CaCO3 Cu)%=0.6%,WtCaCO3%:WtCu%=1:1;该润滑油具有最佳的抗磨、减摩性能.研究表明,含纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子添加剂的润滑油的抗磨、减摩机理与纳米粒子存在形态相关.     

凹凸棒石/油溶性纳米铜复合润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能

采用SRV-Ⅳ型摩擦磨损试验机研究凹凸棒石/油溶性纳米铜复合润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能,利用SEM和XPS对磨损表面进行表征分析。结果表明:两种单一添加剂均能明显改善基础油对钢-钢摩擦副的摩擦学性能,而复合添加剂较单一添加剂具有更加优越的减摩抗磨性;载荷越高,复合添加剂的摩擦学性能越好。在复合添加剂的作用下,磨损表面形成了致密光滑的复合摩擦保护膜,该保护膜的主要成分为FeS_2,Fe_2O_3,SiO_2,Cu,FeOOH和有机物。     

短碳纤维增强铜基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用冷压烧结工艺制备了短碳纤维增强铜基复合材料,考察了该复合材料的干摩擦磨损性能.讨论了短碳纤维含量、载荷、转速等对复合材料摩擦性能的影响.结果表明:复合材料的耐磨性能明显优于基体材料;随着碳纤维含量的增加复合材料的耐磨性能进一步提高;随载荷和转速的提高,摩擦系数和磨损量也随之增加;复合材料由纯铜的粘着磨损转变为剥层磨损,并均伴有一定的氧化磨损.     

超导PbO/YBa2Cu3O7-δ复合氧化物摩擦磨损性能

为适应从低温到高温宽温范围的使用条件,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ超导材料,用摩擦磨损试验机测试了YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ从室温至液氮温度的摩擦学性能。结果表明：室温20℃下,YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ与对偶件不锈钢盘对摩时,摩擦因数在0.5左右,当温度降到超导转变温度以下时（液氮温度-196℃）摩擦因数大幅度降低,YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ超导态摩擦因数是正常态值的一半,实验直接证明了电子激励对摩擦能量耗散的作用。为改善室温下YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ摩擦学性能, 掺杂不同质量分数PbO作为润滑组元,制备了PbO/YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ超导固体润滑复合材料,取得良好效果。PbO掺杂不影响PbO/YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ复合材料的超导电性,在正常的载荷和滑行速度下15%PbO/YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ复合材料摩擦因数为0.2至0.3,磨损率为4.35×10-4 mm3·（N·m）-1,分析了PbO/ YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ复合材料减摩耐磨机制。     

Preparation and tribological properties of graphene oxide/nitrile rubber nanocomposites

Graphene oxide (GO)/nitrile rubber (NBR) nanocomposites with various contents of GO were prepared by a solution-mixing method,in this study. The GO sheets were exfoliated from natural fake graphite by an improved Hummers method and could be further dispersed homogeneously in NBR matrix. The thickness and size of the GO sheets were observed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The tribological properties of the GO/NBR nanocomposites were evaluated on a ring-block MRH-3 wear tester under dry sliding and water-lubricated conditions. The worn surface morphologies of the GO/NBR nanocomposites were observed by a scanning electron microscopy. It was found that under dry sliding, both the friction coefficient (COF) and specific wear rate of the nanocomposites decreased dramatically at first, then increased with increasing GO contents, while under water-lubricated condition, both the COF and specific wear rate of the nanocomposites decreased with increasing GO contents. Finally, the friction and wear mechanisms of the GO/NBR nanocomposites were tentatively proposed.     

Mechanical,tribological and heat resistant properties of fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube/bismaleimide/cyanate resin nanocomposites

Bismaleimide containing cyanate resin(BMI/CE) pre-ploymer was used as resin matrix. Fluorinated multiwalled carbon nanotubes(F-MWCNTs) were used as fillers to prepare F-MWCNT/BMI/CE nanocomposites via a solution intercalation method. The influence of F-MWCNT content on the mechanical, tribological and heat resistant properties of the nanocomposites was investigated. The morphology of the fracture surface and the wear surface of nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Results show that the addition of F-MWCNTs is beneficial to improving the mechanical and tribological properties of the nanocomposites. It's worth noting that when the content of F-MWNTs was 0.6 wt%, the performances of nanocomposite are optimized(i.e., highest impact strength, lowest frictional coefficient and wear rate). In addition, the nanocomposites exhibit good thermal stability in comparison with BMI/CE.     

Microstructure,mechanical and wear properties of Cu–ZrO2 nanocomposites

Cu–ZrO₂ nanocomposites were produced by the thermochemical process followed by powder metallurgy technique. Microstructure development during fabrication process was investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results show an improved distribution of zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) nanoparticles (45?nm) in the copper matrix, which resulted in the improvement of mechanical properties of Cu–ZrO₂ composites. The nanocomposite with 9 wt-% ZrO₂ possesses the highest hardness (136.5 HV) and the superior compressive strength (413.5?MPa), resulting in an overall increase by 52 and 25%, respectively. The wear rate of the nanocomposites increased with increasing applied loads or sliding velocity.     

Compression and wear behavior of composites filled with various nanoparticles

Extrusion compression and dry sliding were carried out on the various nanoparticle filled composites by using cylindrical specimens. To study the effect of exfoliated nanoparticles on the epoxy matrix to friction and wear, Na-montmorillonite and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were prepared with the filler content varied from 0 to 10 vol.%. Compression tests were conducted by using cylindrical blocks to obtain the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. To determine the tribological property, the sliding wear tests with high pressure were performed at room temperatures by using a block-on-disc apparatus. The morphologies of the wear trace and the interlayer mechanism of the as-spun material were obtained by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results showed that the compression strength, fracture strength and Young’s modulus for both reinforced nanocomposites are much higher than that of pure epoxy matrix. The friction coefficient and wear coefficient of Cloisite^® 30B nanocomposites were effectively reduced with rising filler content which should be attributed to the improved dispersion of the nanoparticles. Finally, the SEM observation on the wear tracks surface for the pure epoxy matrix and its composites filled with various kinds of nanoparticle will be discussed.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of copper–titanium–nitrogen multiphase layers produced by a duplex treatment on C17200 copper–beryllium alloy

In this study, a copper–titanium–nitrogen multiphase coating was fabricated on the surface of C17200 copper–beryllium alloy by deposition and plasma nitriding in order to improve the surface mechanical properties. The phase composition, microstructure and microhardness profiles of the as-obtained multiphase coating were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers microhardness measurements, respectively. Pin-on-disk tribometer and SEM equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were applied to measure tribological properties and analyze wear mechanisms involved. The XRD results show that the phase composition changes with nitriding temperature. The Ti₂N layer is replaced by a Cu–Ti intermetallic layer when the nitriding temperature is higher than 700 °C. The Cu/Ti ratio in the multiphase coatings remains at a constant value of 2:1 due to the incorporation of nitrogen atoms. The surface hardness achieves a maximum value of 983 HV at 650 °C, and decreases as the nitriding temperature increases. The increased hardness corresponds to the improved wear resistance and decreased frictional coefficient and the surface hardness is proportional to the wear rates. The wear mechanism depends on the phase composition of the multiphase coatings. With the nitriding temperature increasing, the oxidative wear mechanism changes to adhesive and abrasive mode.     

新型自润滑YBa_2Cu_3O_7/Cu复合材料的制备及性能

采用草酸盐共沉淀法制备了YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO)粉体,利用真空热压烧结法制备了不同质量分数的YBCO/Cu复合材料,测定了YBCO/Cu复合材料的密度、硬度和电导率,利用MMU-5GA磨损试验机对YBCO/Cu复合材料进行了摩擦磨损试验。采用XRD、SEM和TEM对YBCO粉体及YBCO/Cu复合材料的微观结构、磨损表面形貌及物相组成进行了表征。研究了YBCO质量分数对YBCO/Cu复合材料组织及性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的YBCO粉体物相为Y123相,其层状结构明显,粉体纯度高、杂质少,粒度达到纳米级;纳米YBCO可显著细化YBCO/Cu复合材料的基体组织,提高复合材料的摩擦学性能。随着YBCO质量分数增加,基体组织中纳米YBCO颗粒分布均匀度降低,逐渐出现团聚;YBCO/Cu复合材料的电导率和密度降低,硬度先升高后降低,摩擦系数逐渐减小。3%YBCO/Cu复合材料的摩擦磨损性能最好。YBCO/Cu复合材料强化机制为Orowan强化、热错配强化和细晶强化;其磨损机制主要为塑变磨损、磨粒磨损和疲劳剥落。     

Synthesis,structure and tribological performance of tungsten disulphide nanocomposites

Tungsten disulphide nanocomposites were prepared in large scale by employing the direct reaction between tungsten nanoparticles and sulphur powders. The nanocomposites include a variety of shapes such as isolated WS₂ multi-layered sheets, WS₂-coated WO₃ nanoparticles, and enclosed fullerene-like WS₂ structures. Pin-on-disc wear tests indicate that the addition of a small amount (5 wt%) of these nanoparticles to paraffin decreases significantly the wear loss of the pin. Additives of these WS₂/WO₃ nanoparticles possess much better tribological performance than micrometer-sized WS₂ powders additives do. The surface topography of wear scar of the pins after wear tests with different additives and different loads were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Small (severe) damage of the pin surface was observed for WS₂/WO₃ nanoparticles (WS₂ micropowders) additives.