B4C／Al2O3／TiC复合陶瓷的力学性能和微观结构

利用热压烧结工艺成功制备了B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷.探讨了TiC含量对B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷力学性能和显微结构的影响,并研究了B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷的增韧机制.结果表明,在烧结过程中B4C与TiC发生原位反应,生成了TiB2.发生原位反应有效的降低了B4C/Al2O3复合陶瓷的致密化烧结温度;B4C/Al2O3复合陶瓷烧结温度为2150℃,B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷的烧结温度为1900℃.而且,原位反应提高了B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷相对密度和力学性能.裂纹偏转和裂纹钉扎是B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合材料主要增韧机制.     

常压烧结制备亚微米晶Al2O3陶瓷及其力学性能研究

以高纯α-Al2O3粉体为原料,MgO-Y2O3为烧结助剂,采用常压烧结法制备亚微米晶Al2O3陶瓷。研究了烧结温度、烧结助剂对Al2O3陶瓷的致密化过程、显微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加一定量的复合助剂MgO-Y2O3可起到促进Al2O3陶瓷致密化,细化显微结构,并改善其力学性能的作用。经1450℃常压烧结1h可获得相对密度达99.6%、平均晶粒尺寸约0.71μm的亚微米晶Al2O3陶瓷,其维氏硬度和断裂韧性分别为18.5GPa和4.6 MPa·m1/2。     

常压烧结制备亚微米晶Al2O3陶瓷及其力学性能研究

以高纯α-Al2O3粉体为原料,MgO-Y2O3为烧结助剂,采用常压烧结法制备亚微米晶Al2O3陶瓷。研究了烧结温度、烧结助剂对Al2O3陶瓷的致密化过程、显微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加一定量的复合助剂MgO-Y2O3可起到促进Al2O3陶瓷致密化,细化显微结构,并改善其力学性能的作用。经1450℃常压烧结1h可获得相对密度达99.6%、平均晶粒尺寸约0.71μm的亚微米晶Al2O3陶瓷,其维氏硬度和断裂韧性分别为18.5GPa和4.6 MPa·m1/2。     

MgO和烧结温度对Al_2O_3透明陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

采用高纯Al2O3粉末为原料,在氢气气氛中烧结了氧化铝透明陶瓷。研究了添加剂MgO和烧结温度对Al2O3透明陶瓷致密化过程、显微结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明,适量掺杂MgO能够抑制晶粒生长,改善烧结性能,提高致密度,0.05%(质量分数)是MgO最佳含量;随着烧结温度的升高,晶粒发育完全,透光率增加,1850℃为最佳烧结温度;在最佳条件下获得的氧化铝透明陶瓷,相对密度为99.72%,平均晶粒尺寸约20μm,总透光率达到93%,显微硬度(HV5)为20.75GPa,抗弯强度达到320MPa。     

细晶氧化铝陶瓷的烧结和力学性能研究

以30 nm、150 nm、1μm的Al2O3粉为原材料,用两步法和常规烧结法得到了一系列晶粒尺寸不同的致密的氧化铝陶瓷,并对不同晶粒尺寸的Al2O3陶瓷的微观结构、密度和抗弯强度等方面进行研究.结果表明:用两步法烧结得到的Al2O3陶瓷的晶粒尺寸小于用常规烧结法得到的,而且,随着晶粒尺寸减小,晶粒形状由板状变成了球形,抗弯强度逐渐增加.     

液相烧结氧化铝陶瓷的致密化机理

以CaO-MgO-SiO2玻璃为烧结助剂,对液相烧结Al2O3陶瓷的致密化机理进行了研究.研究结果表明,烧结助剂可显著促进Al2O3陶瓷的致密化,其致密度随烧结助剂含量的增加而提高,液相烧结激活能为265kJ/mol,表明扩散控制为其致密化机理.     

原位反应烧结Zr2Al4C5化合物增韧ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷的制备工艺及力学性能

ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷在超高温领域具有重要的应用前景,但韧性低限制了其应用.本工作通过原位反应烧结制备出Zr2 Al4 C5化合物增韧ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷,研究了Zr/Al物质的量比和烧结工艺对复相陶瓷的烧结性能、显微结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Zr/Al物质的量比的减小,原位反应合成的Zr2 Al4 C5化合物逐渐增多;随着烧结温度的升高,Zr2 Al4 C5化合物逐渐反应合成;随着烧结压力的增加和保温时间的延长,复相陶瓷主要相成分为ZrB2、SiC和Zr2 Al4 C5,开气孔率呈现下降的趋势,断裂韧性呈现先增加后降低的趋势.采用Zr/Al物质的量比2:6、烧结温度1800℃、烧结压力20 MPa、保温时间3 min,通过SPS原位反应烧结制备的Zr2 Al4 C5化合物增韧ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷,其断裂韧性可达(5.26±0.37)MPa·m1/2;韧化机理主要包括裂纹偏折、裂纹桥接、裂纹分叉以及层状Zr2Al4C5晶粒拔出等能量耗散机制.     

CuO-TiO_2复合助剂低温烧结氧化铝陶瓷的机理(Ⅰ)

向氧化铝陶瓷中添加总量固定,但m(CuO)/m(Ti02)不同的CuO-TiO2复合助剂,研究其对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能、微观结构以及物柑组成的影响,揭示复合助剂的低温烧结机理.结果表明,CuO与Ti02不易发生化合反应,分别以液相烧结和固相反应烧结来促进氧化铝陶瓷的致密化进程;Ti02与Al2O3反应生成Al2Ti7O15的固相烧结,比CuO的液相烧结更能有效地促进陶瓷的晶粒生长与致密化.在Ti02固相烧结的基础卜适当引入CuO液相,能够最大程度地降低氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度;当在50gA12O3粉体中添加总量为0.025mol的CuO-TiO2复合助剂,并使m(TiO2)/m(CuO+TiO2)为0.80时,氧化铝陶瓷在1250℃烧结后其密度达到理论密度的98%以上.     

高能球磨Al-Y203粉体固相反应制备YAG陶瓷的研究

用高纯Al粉体和Y2O3粉体(Al-Y2O3粉体)为原料采用固相反应法制备了YAG陶瓷. Al-Y2O3粉体高能经过球磨,煅烧生成YAG粉体,再真空烧结制备高致密YAG陶瓷.采用DTA-TG对球磨Al-Y2O3粉体进行分析,采用XRD、SEM对球磨的Al-Y2O3粉体、YAG粉体及YAG陶瓷进行了表征.实验表明:Al-Y2O3粉体在～569℃时,Al粉强烈氧化,并与Y2O3粉反应,600℃煅烧出现YAM相,随煅烧温度升高出现YAP相,1200℃煅烧生成YAG粉体.成型YAG素坯在1750℃保温2h真空烧结出YAG相陶瓷,YAG陶瓷相对密度可达98.6%,晶粒生长均匀,晶粒尺寸为8～10μm.     

微波和常规烧结制备纳米Al_2O_3/3Y-TZP陶瓷

采用共沉淀法制备Al2O3/3Y-TZP纳米粉体,粉体压制后通过微波和常规烧结制备Al2O3/3Y-TZP陶瓷,并研究两种烧结方法对Al2O3/3Y-TZP陶瓷相对密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和断口形貌等的影响。结果表明,共沉淀法制得的Al2O3/3Y-TZP纳米粉体晶粒细小、均匀,近似球形,尺寸为40~60nm;随烧结温度的升高,两种烧结方法制备的陶瓷试样相对密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性均先升高后降低;与常规烧结相比,Al2O3/3Y-TZP陶瓷的微波烧结温度明显降低,时间显著缩短,且晶粒更细小,相对密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性显著提高。     

Constitutive modeling of alumina sintering: grain-size effect on dominant densification mechanism

In the present work, alumina powders with the initial grain sizes of 0.9 and 7.0 μm, respectively, were sintered at different temperatures. Constitutive laws for densification were employed to model the sintering process of alumina ceramics. Based on the constitutive laws employed and the experimental results obtained, the dominant densification mechanism was identified and the effect of grain size on dominant densification mechanism was discussed. The activation energy for densification was also evaluated. In the investigated sintering temperature range, interface reaction was identified as the controlling process in sintering of alumina powders with the initial grain size of 0.9 μm, while grain-boundary diffusion was identified as the dominant process in sintering of alumina powders with the initial grain size of 7.0 μm. The activation energies for densification of the finer and coarser grain size alumina ceramics were determined as 342 and 384 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively, which provided a strong support on the densification mechanism investigation.     

粉末粒径对热压烧结碳化硼致密化及力学性能的影响

采用平均粒径分别为3.5 μm、1.5 μm和200 nm的碳化硼粉体为原料经1850℃热压烧结制备了碳化硼陶瓷, 研究了粉体粒径对陶瓷烧结致密化过程及其性能的影响。根据保温时间对线收缩率的影响及热压初期的塑性流动机理, 得出了不同粉体间烧结初期的激活能差。结果表明: 在相同工艺条件下, 随着粉体平均粒径的减小, 粉体的扩散激活能降低, 致密化初始温度降低, 而且完成塑性流动所需时间也会明显缩短, 致密化速率加快, 致密度增大; 碳化硼陶瓷的显微结构与力学性能亦随着粉体粒径的减小而改善; 1850℃保温1 h后, 平均粒径为200 nm的粉体制备的碳化硼陶瓷相对密度可达90.5%, 硬度为(17±1.8) GPa。     

烧结助剂对反应热压烧结B4C基复合材料性能的影响

以微米级B₄C粉体为原料,通过与TiO₂葡萄糖原位反应制备TiB₂颗粒增韧B₄C复合材料。研究了烧结温度和烧结助剂对材料烧结行为及力学性能的影响。在1950℃反应热压下获得了相对密度为97.7%的TiB₂/B₄C复合材料,断裂韧性达到5.3 MPa·m1/2。添加Al₂O₃和Si烧结助剂后,分别在1950℃和1900℃ 获得了接近致密的(TiB_2,Al₂O₃)/B₄C和(TiB_2,SiC)/B₄C复合材料,断裂韧性分别提高到7.09和6.35 MPa·m1/2。显微组织分析表明,增韧作用主要来自残余应力引起的裂纹偏转。     

烧结温度对20%ZrO_2(3Y)/Al_2O_3复相陶瓷力学性能和微观结构的影响

20%纳米ZrO2(3Y)粉末加入到高纯亚微米Al2O3粉中,采用高压干压成型方法和恒速升温多阶段短保温烧结方法制备出不同烧结温度下的复相陶瓷。研究烧结温度对复相陶瓷力学性能的影响,通过XRD,EDS和SEM对复相陶瓷进行元素组成和微观结构分析。结果表明:烧结温度在很大程度上影响着复相陶瓷的力学性能和微观结构,常压烧结1600℃保温8h时,相对密度、维氏硬度和断裂韧性达到最大,分别为98.6%,18.54GPa和9.3MPa·m1/2,而基体晶粒尺寸为1.4~8.1μm,ZrO2相变量为34.6%。1600℃下复相陶瓷具有优质的微观结构,断裂方式为沿晶-穿晶混合断裂模式。ZrO2(3Y)粉体的加入,从相变增韧、内晶型颗粒增韧和裂纹偏转等多个方面提高了复相陶瓷的断裂韧性。     

SPS制备亚微米晶氧化铝陶瓷

以商业α-Al₂O₃粉体为原料, MgO为烧结助剂, 采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备亚微米晶氧化铝陶瓷. 系统研究了烧结温度、烧结助剂含量对亚微米晶氧化铝陶瓷的致密化过程及显微结构的影响. 分析结果表明, 1250℃以及0.05wt%分别是最佳的烧结温度和烧结助剂含量; 在此条件下获得的亚微米晶氧化铝陶瓷, 其相对密度达到99.8%TD(theoretical density),平均晶粒尺寸约0.68μm,显微硬度(HV5)达到20.75GPa,在3～5μm中红外范围内直线透过率超过83%. 当MgO掺杂量超过0.1wt%时, 第二相MgAl₂O₄形成, 引起光散射, 降低红外透过率.     

高能球磨Al-Y2O3粉体固相反应制备YAG陶瓷的研究

用高纯Al粉体和Y₂O₃粉体(Al-Y₂O₃粉体)为原料采用固相反应法制备了YAG陶瓷. Al-Y₂O₃粉体高能经过球磨, 煅烧生成YAG粉体, 再真空烧结制备高致密YAG陶瓷. 采用DTA-TG对球磨Al-Y₂O₃粉体进行分析, 采用XRD、SEM对球磨的Al-Y₂O₃粉体、YAG粉体及YAG陶瓷进行了表征. 实验表明: Al-Y₂O₃粉体在～569℃时, Al粉强烈氧化, 并与Y₂O₃粉反应, 600℃煅烧出现YAM相, 随煅烧温度升高出现YAP相, 1200℃煅烧生成YAG粉体. 成型YAG素坯在1750℃保温2h真空烧结出YAG相陶瓷, YAG陶瓷相对密度可达98.6%, 晶粒生长均匀, 晶粒尺寸为810μm.     

The sintering of combustion-synthesized titanium diboride

A comparative study of the sinterability of combustion-synthesized titanium diboride was conducted over the temperature range of 1800 to 2100° C. During the initia! sintering stage, the densification rate was slightly higher in the combustion-synthesized than in the commercially obtained titanium diboride. For sintering times of > 30 min, however, the shrinkage rates for both types of powders were the same. The activation energy for the late sintering stage was 774 ± 46 kJ mol^–1, consistent with 8 volume diffusion mechanism, end was the same for both combustion-synthesized and commercial powders. The microstructures of sintered specimens with initial particle size below 1O µm exhibited a grain size ranging from 5 to over 40 µm after 30 min of sintering. The addition of 5 wt% NbB₂ to the combustion-synthesized resulted in enhanced shrinkage during the initial sintering stage, but did not affect later stage kinetics. Various amounts of additives of CrB₂, NiB and TiC had no effect on early and late stage sintering kinetics, with the exception of 50 wt% TiC which appreciably inhibited densification.     

亚微米ZrO_2粉体对氧化铝陶瓷力学性能的影响

在高纯Al2O3粉体中添加质量分数为16%的亚微米ZrO2粉体,制备Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉体,通过X射线衍射仪、电子探针和扫描电子显微镜分别对样品的相组成和显微结构进行分析,研究不同烧结温度下亚微米ZrO2粉体对氧化铝陶瓷抗折强度和硬度的影响。结果表明,在1 450℃时无压烧结2 h,Al2O3-ZrO2复相陶瓷的晶粒粒径约为0.5μm,抗弯强度高达797 MPa,提高了46%,维氏硬度为17.9 GPa。     

Electrical Properties and Grain Growth Kinetics of PZN-based Ceramics Using Microwave Sintering

Effectiveness of microwave sintering process through investigation of microstructural characteristics and electricalrproperties of x（0.94PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3 ＋ 0.06BaTiO3 ） ＋ （1 - x）PbZryTi1-xO3 （PBZNZT） ceramics with x = 0.6 and y = 0.52 was evaluated. The relative density of 95% was achieved with sintering at 800℃for 2 h. The small grain growth exponents indicate how easy the grain growth in these materials sintered using microwave radiation. Grain growth rate increases abruptly and is higher than that of conventional sintering at a temperature higher than 1050℃. This is attributed to the lower activation energy and higher grain boundary mobility. The activation energy required for the grain growth is found to be 132kJ/mol. Higher remanent polarization （Pr = 50. ltLC/cm2） and increase in remanent polarization with sintering temperature are observed in microwave sintering process when compared to that of conventional sintering process, due to fast increase in grain growth rate and homogeneity in the specimen. The results indicate lower sintering energy and reduction of PbO pollution in the working environment by microwave sintering process.     

Nano-alpha-Al2O3 by liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis

Nanometre-sized particles of transition (t)-aluminas are important for the fabrication of high-quality alumina ceramics. Multiple tons are produced each year using a variety of gas-phase processes. The nanoparticles produced by these methods consist mainly of the undesired delta phase with some gamma- and theta-Al(2)O(3). Nano-t-aluminas should provide access to dense nano/submicrometre-grained alpha-Al(2)O(3) shapes offering significant advantages over micrometre-grained shapes. Unfortunately, polymorphism coupled with the high activation energy for nucleating alpha-Al(2)O(3) greatly impedes efforts to process dense alpha-Al(2)O(3) with controlled grain sizes, especially for submicrometre materials. Typically alpha-Al(2)O(3) nucleation within t-aluminas is sporadic rather than uniform, leading to exaggerated grain growth and vermicular microstructures without full densification (5). Thus, production of quantities of nano-alpha-Al(2)O(3) from multiple nano-t-aluminas for seeding or direct processing of alpha-Al(2)O(3) monoliths could greatly change how alpha-Al(2)O(3) components are processed. We report here that liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis of nano-t-aluminas converts them to dispersible 30-80 nm alpha-Al(2)O(3) powders (50-85% phase transformed). Surprisingly, the powder surfaces are fully dehydrated. These powders pressureless sinter to more than 99.5% dense alpha-Al(2)O(3) with final grain sizes < or =500 nm without sintering aids.