一种耐盐型高吸水性树脂的制备及其性能研究

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法,制备了黄原胶(XG)接枝丙烯酰胺(AM)耐盐型高吸水性树脂,采用单因素和正交分析法考察了丙烯酰胺用量、碱用量、聚合温度、交联剂和引发剂用量等因素对树脂性能的影响。实验表明,当m(AM)∶m(XG)=6∶1,m(NaOH)∶m(AM)=1∶1,聚合温度为60℃,m(MBAA)∶m(AM)=0.04∶1,m(APS)∶m(AM)=0.07∶1时,所得树脂对去离子水的吸收倍率可达1 457 g/g,对0.9%NaC l溶液的吸收倍率可达623 g/g,且吸收速率适中,保水性能良好,是一种耐盐型高吸水性树脂。     

聚丙烯酸钾与腐植酸复合高吸水性树脂的合成研究

以腐植酸与丙烯酸聚合制备了高吸水性树脂,讨论了交联剂、引发剂以及KOH用量对聚丙烯酸与腐植酸高吸水性树脂吸水率的影响,结果显示在n(MBA)∶n(AA)=0.0005、n(KPS)∶n(AA)=0.0075、n(KOH)∶n(AA)约为0.70、温度为80℃的条件下合成时,其吸水倍率可达到最优值。而且在接近自然条件下(35℃)失水速度慢,保水时间可达100 h以上,重复吸水性能好。运用红外光谱分析了腐植酸与丙烯酸的反应机理。     

AM/DMDAAC/AA型两性聚丙烯酰胺的制备及应用研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、丙烯酸(AA)为单体,用溶液共聚法制备两性聚丙烯酰胺(AMPAM),研究了反应条件对两性聚丙烯酰胺分子量及絮凝性能的影响。结果表明,采用K2S2O8-NaHSO3(质量比1∶1)氧化还原复合引发体系,引发剂用量为0.88%,单体用量为24.5%,聚合温度为55℃,溶液pH值为6,单体摩尔比为n(AM)∶n(DMDAAC)∶n(AA)=1∶0.3∶0.5,聚合时间为4 h,得到的产品综合性能最佳,且具有良好的絮凝脱色效果。     

接枝改性耐温抗盐CMC的合成及其性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、对苯乙烯磺酸钠(STS)为原料与羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)进行接枝共聚,采用硝酸铈铵为引发剂,合成了一种水溶性接枝共聚物CMC-g-p(AM-co-STS)。获得较优的聚合条件为:温度为40℃、反应时间为2 h、体系pH值为5、引发剂为3%,n(AM)∶n(STS)=9.0∶1.0,m(AM+STS)∶m(CMC)=3∶1,接枝率为65.4%。红外和核磁确定AM和STS成功接枝到CMC链上。性能研究表明,该接枝共聚物表现出优良的增粘、溶解、耐温及抗剪切性能。     

单电子转移活性自由基聚合法制备表面活性聚合物及性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)为功能单体,2-氯丙酰胺(CPA)为引发剂,采用单电子转移自由基聚合方法,制备无规二元共聚物PAM-co-PAOS。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为c(单体)=2.5 mol/L,n(单体)∶n(CPA)∶n(CuBr)∶n(Me₆TREN)=769∶1.2∶1∶3.8;m(AOS)∶m(AM+AOS)=3.5%。对表面活性聚合物PAM-co-PAOS进行性能研究,在大庆模拟盐水中具有较好的增黏性及表面活性。     

光引发合成两性聚丙烯酰胺的影响因素

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、阴离子单体丙烯酸纳(AANa)、阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为原料,采用光引发聚合方式合成两性聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-DAC-AANa),探讨了合成P(AM-DAC-AANa)的最佳条件。结果表明:在n(AM)∶n(AANa)∶n(DAC)=1∶0.7∶0.2,单体质量分数为30%,引发剂用量为0.08%,光照时间为2.5h,引发温度为30℃,溶液p H为7.0条件下,得到产物的特性粘数为976m L/g。红外光谱分析表明:所得产物符合P(AM-DAC-AANa)的结构特征。     

光引发合成两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺的工艺优化

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、阴离子单体丙烯酸钠(AANa)和阳离子单体二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,采用光引发聚合方式合成了两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-DMDAAC-AANa);探讨了合成P(AM-DMDAAC-AANa)的最佳条件。结果表明:在n(AM)∶n(AANa)∶n(DMDAAC)=1∶0.65∶0.16,单体质量分数为32%,引发剂用量为0.08%,光照时间为2.5 h,反应温度为30℃,p H=6.5的条件下,得到产物的特性黏数为887 m L/g。红外光谱分析表明:所得产物符合P(AM-DMDAAC-AANa)的结构特征。     

抗温抗盐凝胶堵水剂的研制及评价

以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠(SAMPS)为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,通过水溶液聚合制备了凝胶堵水剂。利用单因素试验考察了单体用量、单体配比、引发剂用量、聚合温度等对堵水效果的影响,确定了最佳制备条件:单体用量15%,单体配比为n_(AM)∶n_(SAMPS)∶n_(AA)=2∶1∶1,引发剂用量为1.7%,聚合反应温度为50℃。该凝胶堵水剂抗温抗盐性能良好。     

一种温敏性酸液稠化剂的合成及性能

将丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)及带长链温敏基团的烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(APEG)进行自由基共聚,制备出一种新型温敏性酸液稠化剂P(AM-DMC-APEG),并得到最佳合成条件:单体质量分数40%,单体摩尔比n(APEG)∶n(AM)∶n(DMC)=1∶20∶2,w(引发剂)=0.08%,聚合温度70℃,聚合时间3.5 h。采用红外光谱和静态光散射对P(AM-DMC-APEG)的结构与相对分子质量进行了表征;并对稠化剂的温敏性能和缓速性能作出评价。结果表明,该研究所合成的稠化剂P(AM-DMC-APEG)的温敏性能稳定,并具有良好的缓速效果。     

新型网状超高分子量阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的合成

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为聚合单体,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐(VA-044)为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了标题化合物,考察了单体物质的量比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、聚合温度、pH以及单体浓度对聚合反应的影响。研究表明,当单体物质的量比n(丙烯酰胺)∶n(阳离子单体)=8∶2,引发剂用量为0.05 wt%,交联剂用量为0.000 5 wt%,温度50℃,pH为6,单体浓度为20 wt%时,分子量最高达到4.25×107g/mol,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对其结构进行了表征。用所合成的聚丙烯酰胺处理模拟废水,当其投料量为8 g/mol时,上层清液透光率能达到92%。     

油田堵漏用高吸水树脂的合成与吸水性能

用水溶液聚合法制备了丙烯酰胺(AM)/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)/高岭土三元复合型高吸水树脂,最佳制备条件为:w(AM)=20%,w(N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)=0.08%,w(过硫酸铵)=0.6%,反应温度40℃。优选样在105℃烘干6h后,在室温下的吸蒸馏水倍数和吸w(NaCl)=0.9%水溶液倍数分别达到1634g/g及138g/g。考察了温度、电解质浓度、树脂粒径、不同种类的矿物、高岭土质量分数以及溶液pH对吸水树脂吸水性能的影响,测试了不同温度下树脂的吸水率和保水率。通过添加有机羧酸CA和调整树脂的粒径大小,制备了一种吸水速率可控的油田堵漏用高吸水树脂。红外光谱分析表明,有机羧酸CA能有效地与树脂复合,形成共聚物。     

耐盐型丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚高吸水树脂的合成及其性能研究

采用溶液聚合法,以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,N,N＇-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联剂,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂.合成出丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚高吸水树脂.探讨了单体比[m(丙烯酸):m(丙烯酰胺)]、交联剂和引发荆用量、单体中和度及聚合温度对树脂吸水率的影响.IR光谱表明,丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺发生了接...     

海泡石接枝P(AMPS-co-AM)高吸水树脂的合成和性能

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和海泡石黏土(ST)为原料,采用微波辐射方法制备了ST接枝P(AMPS-co-AM)耐盐性高吸水性树脂,考察了海泡石用量、无机盐溶液金属离子价态和浓度对树脂吸水倍率的影响,研究了树脂的吸水速率和保水性能。用FTIR、XRD、SEM对吸水性树脂进行了表征。结果表明,树脂的吸水倍率随着无机盐溶液浓度的增加而减小,在不同价态金属离子盐溶液中,树脂的吸水倍率顺序为NaCl>CaCl2>FeCl3,在体系中适量地引入ST能显著提高树脂的吸水能力,树脂具有较快的吸水速率和良好的保水性能。FTIR和XRD表明,ST和有机单体之间发生了接枝共聚反应,部分单体插入到ST的层间形成插层型复合高吸水性树脂,SEM显示树脂具有多孔的层状结构。     

Synthesis and properties of carboxymethyl cellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) as a novel cellulose‐based superabsorbent

A new cellulose‐based superabsorbent polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide), was prepared by the free‐radical grafting solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) monomers onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in the presence of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker with a redox couple of potassium persulfate and sodium metabisulfite as an initiator. The influences of reaction variables such as the initiator content, crosslinker content, bath temperature, molar ratio of AA to AM, and weight ratio of the monomers to CMC on the water absorbency of the carboxymethylcellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) copolymer were investigated. The copolymer's structures were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained as follows: the bath temperature was 50°C; the molar ratio of AA to AM was 3 : 1; the mass ratio of the monomers to CMC was 4 : 1; and the weight percentages of the crosslinker and initiator with respect to the monomers were 0.75 and 1%, respectively. The maximum water absorbency of the optimized product was 920 g/g for distilled water and 85 g/g for a 0.9 wt % aqueous NaCl solution. In addition, the superabsorbent possessed good water retention and salt resistance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1382–1388, 2007     

魔芋超强吸水剂的合成及吸液性能研究

以过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N＇-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合法,合成了魔芋粉-丙烯酸（钠）-丙烯酰胺超强吸水剂。采用均匀试验设计法对该合成工艺进行优化,最佳工艺条件为单体总用量（单体/魔芋粉）8.79 g·g-1、引发剂量（引发剂/魔芋粉）4.50%、反应温度66.7℃、交联剂量（交联剂/魔芋粉）1.42%、反应时间2.55 h、丙烯酸中和度81.74%、单体比例51.7%。产物吸水率为751.3 g·g-1,吸盐水率为128.6 g·g-1。     

Study on plasma-modified corn stover-humic acid-based superabsorbent resin

This research aimed to prepare superabsorbent resin from agro-mining waste, which is important for sustainable development and practical application in agriculture and forestry. Corn stover (CS), humic acid (HA), acrylic acid (AA), and acrylamide (AM) were used as raw materials to produce CS–HA-based superabsorbent resin (p-CS-HA-PAA) by plasma modification, and the optimum modification conditions were obtained. The superabsorbent resin was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle analysis. The adsorption characteristics of the superabsorbent resin were analyzed by kinetic model fitting, and the performances were tested. The results showed that the water absorption capacity could reach 1106.9 g/g under the following optimal process conditions: a discharge time of 180 s, a discharge power of 40 W, and a discharge pressure of 20 Pa. The characterization confirmed that plasma modification could make the surface of the superabsorbent resin rougher, produce more and larger pores, and introduce more hydrophilic groups. The p-CS-HA-PAA conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and non-Fickian intradiffusion process in aqueous solution. The chemical resistance, repeated liquid absorption, and water retention properties of the modified resin were better than those of the unmodified resin, which provided a viable way for industrial and agricultural applications.     

丙烯酸类共聚物超吸水树脂的合成研究

用丙烯酸（AA）和丙烯酰胺（AM）作原料,以氢氧化铝为交联剂,过硫酸盐为引发剂,通过溶液聚合法,合成了高吸水性树脂聚（丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺）（P（AA-AM））共聚物。讨论了其在蒸馏水和NaCl水溶液中的吸液性能,考察了单体配比、丙烯酸中和度、交联剂用量、反应温度、引发剂用量等条件对树脂吸水性能的影响。结果表明,最佳合成丁艺为：n（AM）：n（AA）为O．3-0．4,AA的中和度为70％,过硫酸钾和单体的质量比为0．2％-0．3％,氢氧化铝和单体的质量比为0．03％-0．05％,聚合温度为55-60℃。测得的吸水倍率为1050g／g。     

Study on superabsorbent composites. XVIII. Preparation,characterization, and property evaluation of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide)/organomontmorillonite/sodium humate superabsorbent composites

A series of novel multifunctional poly (acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (PAA‐AM)/organomontmorillonite (O‐MMT)/sodium humate (SH) superabsorbent composites were synthesized by the graft copolymerization reaction of partially neutralized acrylic acid and acrylamide on O‐MMT micropowder and SH with N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as an initiator in an aqueous solution. The superabsorbent composites were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of the relative weight ratio of SH to O‐MMT on the water absorbency was studied, and the results indicated that the best water absorbency of 591 g/g in distilled water was obtained when an O‐MMT content of 20 wt % and an SH content of 30 wt % were incorporated. The superabsorbent composite possessed a good capacity for water retention; even after 30 days, 24.4 wt % of water could still be saved by the sand soil containing 1.0 wt % superabsorbent composite. The results from this study show that the water absorbency of a superabsorbent composite is improved by the simultaneous introduction of O‐MMT and SH into a PAA‐AM network in comparison with the incorporation of only O‐MMT or SH. Also, in comparison with PAA‐AM/MMT/SH, an appropriate amount of O‐MMT can benefit the developed composites with respect to their water absorbency, salt resistance, and capacity for water retention in sand soil. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

魔芋粉-丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚合成高吸水树脂

以魔芋粉,丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺等为原料,经接枝聚合合成了魔芋粉－丙烯酸－丙烯酰胺类超强吸水性树脂。讨论了引发剂,交联剂,丙烯酸,丙烯酰胺等用量以及反应时间和反应温度等因素对树脂吸水性能的影响。结果表明: 在魔芋粉与单体质量比为1:4,引发剂用量为0.35%（占单体的质量）,丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺（质量）为1:1,丙烯酸中和度为80% ,反应温度为55～65℃,交联剂用量为0.75%（占单体的质量）的条件下,制得的SAP吸去离子水可达720g/g,吸0.9%的NaCl溶液为110g/g。