有限宽板偏心裂纹在裂纹面受两对点力时的弹塑性分析

有裂纹的有限宽板的弹塑性解是弹塑性裂断力学最困难的问题之一，本文采用线场分析方法对理想弹塑性有材料有限宽板偏心裂纹在裂纹面上受两对反平面集中力的情形进行弹塑性分析，本文的分析不受小范围屈服条件的限制，求得了裂纹线附近的弹塑性解析解，裂纹线上的塑性区长度随外荷载的变化规律及有限宽板具有偏心裂纹的承载力，其结果在裂纹线附近足够精确。     

有限宽中心裂纹板在裂纹面受一对偏心反平面集中力的弹塑性分析

有限宽裂纹板的弹塑性分析是弹塑性断裂力学中最困难的问题之一。本文对有限宽裂纹板在裂纹面任意点受一对反平面集中力的情形采用裂纹线场分析方法,将各场量在裂纹线附近展开,利用平衡方程和屈服准则进行弹塑性分析,这种分析不需要作小范围屈服的假定。通过裂纹线上的弹塑性应力场在弹塑性边界上进行匹配得出荷载与裂纹线上塑性区长度之间的关系,进而分析得出荷载的不同位置和板宽所对应的临界荷载。     

裂纹面受两对集中剪力作用下的弹塑性分析

利用裂纹线场方法对理想弹塑性材料无限大板受两对集中剪力问题进行了弹塑性分析,并且获得了理论解。这个解包括:裂纹线附近弹塑性边界上的单位法向矢量、裂纹线附近的弹塑性解析解、裂纹线上的塑性区长度随荷载的变化规律及其承载力。分析不受小范围屈服假设的限制,并且不附加假使条件。结果在裂纹线附近足够精确。     

裂纹板贴补应力分析

本文采用含裂纹无限大板特殊基本解和合力边界条件,用体积力法对含裂纹金属薄板的胶贴补强问题进行应力分析。使用一满足胶贴层位移连续条件的剪切单元,把问题转化为对裂纹板和贴片的分析。由于使用的特殊基本解精确满足裂纹面自由力边界条件,避免了对裂纹尖端附近的奇异场进行离散处理,因而可以比较精确地求出裂纹尖端附近的应力分布,同时由于单位集中力引起的裂纹尖端应力强度因子可以解析得到,因而可以较准确地反映出用应力强度因子的降低来表征的贴补效果。作为贴补计算的例子,文中计算了受拉力和剪力作用时,含中心裂纹的金属裂纹板在贴补前后裂纹尖端应力强度因子的降低,给出了贴片的厚度、弹性模量和尺寸及肢贴层厚度等对贴补效果的影响。     

含裂纹损伤有限加筋板弹塑性承载力分析

基于含直裂纹问题的复应力函数解法,提出了用Dugdale模型分析和求解弹塑性条件下含中心裂纹的有限加筋板承载力问题的方法。通过将加筋板离散为筋、板的结构,将含裂纹有限加筋板的问题转化为边界受切向力作用的含裂纹有限板的问题进行求解。计算了筋、板相对刚度不同的情况下,含中心裂纹有限加筋板裂纹尖端开口位移CTOD(Crack Tip Opening Displacement)值随裂纹长度及承载力情况变化的系列值。     

基于Kirchhoff板中裂纹尖端辛本征解的有限元应力恢复方法

对于含穿透裂纹的板结构,裂纹尖端应力场及应力强度因子的计算精度对评估板的安全性具有非常重要的影响。基于含裂纹Kirchhoff板弯曲问题中裂纹尖端场的辛本征解析解,该文提出了一个提高裂纹尖端应力场计算精度的有限元应力恢复方法。首先利用常规有限元程序对含裂纹板弯曲问题进行分析,得到裂纹尖端附近的单元节点位移;然后根据节点位移确定辛本征解中的待定系数,得到裂纹尖端附近应力场的显式表达式。数值结果表明,该方法给出的应力分析精度得到较大提高,并具有良好的数值稳定性。     

多裂纹弹塑性干涉效应及其工程解

本文针对Ｒａｍｂｅｒｇ－Ｏｓｇｏｏｄ关系材料进行弹塑性有限元计算，研究分析了平面应力问题下的近似无限宽板中双共线裂纹弹塑性干涉效应的变化规律，利用双裂纹裂纹Ｊ积分值和等载荷比下单裂纹尖Ｊ积分值之比来确定双裂纹间的弹塑性干涉效应，研究发现，弹塑性干涉效应不同于线弹性干步效应。除了与裂纹几何尺寸有关外，且是载荷比和材料性能的函数，由此证明线弹性分析作为裂纹问题处理的依据有可能出现危险的结果，在此基础上     

某地铁客车转向架裂纹分析

采用宏微观检验、应力测定及力学性能测试方法,对转向架产生的裂纹进行了分析。焊接工艺不当是裂纹产生的主要原因,而转向架上电机吊板座附近动态应力过大是潜在的不利因素。据此,提出了预防措施。     

某地欠客车转向架裂纹分析

采用宏微观检验，和测定及力学性能测试方法，对转向架产生的裂纹进行了分析。焊接工艺不当是裂纹产生的主要原因；而转向架上电机吊板附近动态应是潜在的不利因素。据此，提出了预防措施。     

疲劳裂纹扩展中裂纹尖端应变变化的详细考察

传统的ASTM2%偏差法和卸载弹性法是以柔度轨迹的线性区段确定开闭口载荷(Pop和Pcl),往往因人工误差导致结果相差很大.本文注重裂纹尖端塑性变形带给柔度变化的物理意义,描述了一个载荷循环下柔度变化与裂纹开闭口以及弹塑性行为的关系.采用自行开发的高精度局部柔度测量法,针对结构钢进行了疲劳试验,记录了裂纹尖端应变与载荷关系的系列迟滞回线,并以微分法定量求出迟滞回线上的特征载荷.根据试验考察结果,分析了文献中几种疲劳裂纹扩展参量的关系.结果表明,ΔKRPG比ΔKcl和ΔKop更适合作为裂纹扩展驱动力参量.     

Precise elastic-plastic analysis of crack line field for mode II plane strain crack

The near crack line analysis method has been used to investigate the exact elastic-plastic solutions of a mode II crack under plane strain condition in an elastic-perfectly plastic solid. The significance of this paper is that the assumptions of the conventional small scale yielding theory have been completely abandoned. The inappropriateness of matching conditions formerly taken at the elastic-plastic boundary ths been corrected as well. By eatching the general solution of the plastic stress (but not the special solution that was adopted) with the exact elastic stresses (but not the crack tip K-dominant field) at the elastic-plastic boundary near the crack line, the plastic stresses, the length of the plastic zone and the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary, which are sufficiently precise near the crack line region, have been given. The solutions are suitable not only under the condition that the plastic region is sufficiently small but also under the condition that the plastic region is large.     

Elastic-plastic analysis of stress state and spread of plastic zone around single edge-cracked plate by finite element method

A two-dimensional finite element model for estimating elastic-plastic displacements and stresses near a crack for the elastic-plastic situation of loadings is presented. Singularity effects near the crack tip are solved by introducing 12-node cubic isoparametric elements in the crack tip region and collapsing them into triangular elements. The proposed finite element model is used to determine the spread of the plastic zone and mouth opening displacements of an edge-cracked structural steel plate. The spread of the plastic zone is obtained by successive increments of applied nominal tensile stress transverse to the crack length. The mouth opening displacement values obtained by this model are also compared with those measured experimentally.     

Creep analysis of surface-cracked plates by a creep line-spring method

The creep line-spring method proposed in this paper is based on the solutions for the following two problems: a creep crack under non-steady creep condition; an elastic-plastic surface-cracked plate. For the problem of a non-steady creep crack, an engineering approach for estimating the load-line displacement, crack-tip J and C integrals is presented by extending the engineering approach for elastic-plastic fracture analysis to creep analysis. For solving the elastic-plastic surface crack, a simplified elastic-plastic line-spring method is applied. These two approximate solutions are checked by the finite element method. On the basis of the above two approximate methods, a creep line-spring method is proposed and the corresponding fundamental equations are established. The creep line-spring method is used to estimate creep fracture parameters for three-dimensional cracks. In order to check its accuracy, several surface-cracked plates under uniform tension are analyzed by the creep line-spring method and by the three-dimensional finite-element method. The numerical results show that the creep line-spring method is in good agreement with the finite-element method and has the same accuracy as the common elastic-plastic line-spring method.     

Crack curving under mode-I loading

The whole history of failure of a rectangular panel with two symmetrical notches and a central crack subjected to a progressively increasing tension load normal to the crack plane is studied. The material of the panel exhibits substantial plastic deformation prior to fracture. An elastic-plastic analysis of the plate is first performed based on finite elements. The results of stress analysis are coupled with the strain energy density theory to determine the critical load for crack initiation and the history of stable crack growth up to the point of instability. At instability the crack runs fast through the elastic material bypassing the plastic zone near the plate boundary. The crack deviates from its initial direction and is curved even though the plate is subjected to opening-mode loading. Results for crack trajectories are given for various initial crack lengths and notch radii of the plate.Presented at Fourth Greek National Congress on Mechanics, 26–29 June 1995, held at Xanthi, Greece.     

Prediction of stable crack growth in surface cracked plate of Aluminum 7050 alloy

To simulate stable crack growth, three-dimensional finite element analysis using the constant Crack Tip Opening Angle (CTOA) fracture criterion was performed for a thin plate made of Aluminum 7050 alloy. The critical CTOA value was experimentally obtained by the Rubber Impression Method, which directly measures the three-dimensional crack profiles by inserting the gel-state silicon rubber into the crack, and taking out the solid-state rubber later. From the microscopic observation from the broken specimen, it was found that, as the crack extends, the amount of crack growth near the free surface is more than that in the depth/thickness direction, which creates the special tunneling, e.g., canoe-shaped crack extension. For the numerical simulation, the surface-cracked plate was analyzed by quasi-static elastic-plastic finite strain analysis with the node release and the reloading technique. Consistent with experimental observations, numerical simulation with constant CTOA fracture criteria produced tunneling of a surface crack, but the shape of the crack front deviated from the experimental crack front as the free surface was approached. To address the local crack tip constraint effect on the stable crack growth, various fracture parameters - crack tip triaxiality, equivalent plastic strain, and void growth ratio as the crack extends – were also investigated.     

Effect of Plate Thickness on Crack-Tip Plasticity

This paper presents an analytical method for determining the three-dimensional stress fields in plates with a through-the-thickness crack, especially under elastic-plastic conditions. Using the generalised plane strain theory in conjunction with the deformation theories of plasticity, exact solutions are obtained for the effects of plate thickness on the crack-tip plastic zone size and a plastic constraint factor, which is shown to correlate well with published finite element solutions.     

Application of the distributed dislocation technique for calculating cyclic crack tip plasticity effects

This paper describes a method for modelling cyclic crack tip plasticity effects based on the distributed dislocation technique (DDT). A strip‐yield model is utilised to allow for the determination of the crack opening displacement, size of the plastic zones and in the case of a fatigue crack, the wake of plasticity. The DDT can be easily implemented for a wide range of cracked geometries with reliable control over the accuracy and convergence. Thickness effects can also be incorporated through a recently obtained solution for an edge dislocation in an infinite plate of finite thickness. Results for finite length cracks that have had limited growth, such that there is no plastic wake, are presented for a range of applied loads and R‐ratios. Further results are provided for a steady‐state fatigue crack in a plate of finite thickness. The present results are compared with analytical solutions and they show an excellent agreement.