女性人体躯干部分体型特征参数探讨

从几何学的角度探讨、分析了女性躯干部分的体型特征,得到13个体型特征参数,并建立了女性躯干部分体型特征参数模型.     

青年女性体型特征分析

通过对青年女性体型数据的测定，分析探讨了青年女性体型特征的维度构成及各特征参数之间的相关程度。     

成都地区中老年女性体型研究

用随机抽样方式对成都地区45～60岁的中老年女性进行抽样,共取得200名对象作为该研究样本。通过静态接触式人体测量方法采集与体型相关的36项指标数据。用数理统计的方法对采集的数据资料进行基本统计量计算、主成分分析、样本聚类分析等统计分析,计算4种常用体型指数,从多角度分析得出成都地区中老年女性的体型特征,并进一步探讨其体型分类,给出适合对象特征的新体型划分建议标准以及各类体型中间体控制部位参考值。     

女性体型分类研究概述

不同的人其体型也不同。在服装工程方面,研究者一直在进行人体体型的研究。近年来很多科研团队开始研究中国人体的体型,并分析了人体体型的变化,在体型划分方面取得了突破性的进展,并根据目前中国人体体型特征提倡运用新的号型设置。概述了当今国内外的体型分类类别,归纳了国内有关体型研究的不同方法和思路,细述了体型分类聚类方法,并总结了当今国内体型分类存在的问题。     

人体体型与服装设计

对消瘦体型、肥胖体型等其它人体体型的辨析理解，如何通过服装面料、图案、款式造型、色彩等因素来进行服装设计，使设计制作的服装合体美观，以取得较好服饰的效果。     

基于三维扫描数据的女性体型特征参数分析

为在不同应用层次上提供一种完善的基于三维人体扫描数据库的体形分析参考标准。提出一种女性体形分析方案,包括体型类别分析方法,局部形态的特征分析和三维特征框架的数据分析,然后对861个18～45岁的女性对象进行体型类别的实例分析,主要包括：基于躯干体积指数(TVI)的体型分类、基于胸腰比-臀腰比的体型分类、及基于胸腰差-臀腰差的体型分类,目的是比较采用不同方法进行体型分类后的各群体体型变化趋势。结果显示,基于TVI指数的分类效果较明显,胸腰比－臀腰比和胸腰差－臀腰差方法同属一种分类方法,分类效果接近。采用我国服装号型标准中的分类方法,能很好反映人体下身围度相对逐渐增肥的趋势。     

女性体型特征指标的选择及体型细分研究

在人体测量的基础上,利用主成分分析的方法,提取了女性躯干部分的三个特征指标,并根据三个特征指标的不同取值将女性形体分为36种体型。     

长三角地区成年胖体女性体型特征及分类

为了解胖体女性体型特征,提高“大码”服装合体性,以BMI≥24 kg/m2或腰围≥80 cm为样本筛选条件,有效测量了151名18～55岁长三角地区成年胖体女性人体数据。采用因子分析法在42项测量项目中提取了7个影响成年胖体女性体型的公因子,并结合相关分析从中选取8个特征变量,整合为4项体型聚类指标。运用系统聚类法确定最佳聚类数,使用k-means聚类法将长三角地区成年胖体女性体型分为A、O、H、V型4类。胖体女性体型特征分析及分类研究,有助于构建胖体人台,为“大码”女装设计提供参考。     

中国东部地区青年女性人体体型分类

为寻得合理便捷的人体体型分类方法,采用三维扫描系统对年龄为20~35岁的407名中国东部地区青年女性进行人体数据获取,运用逆向工程软件对每个样本测量66项数据。通过因子分析提取与人体体型相关的主成份,通过相关性分析等方法从人体体型主成份中提取人体特征变量,通过分层法聚类分析对人体体型进行分类。研究得出:从与人体体型相关的7个主成分中提取特征变量为乳下围扁平率、身腰比、胸腰差、臀腰差;第1层聚类以乳下围扁平率作为特征变量,第2层聚类以身腰比、胸腰差、臀腰差作为特征变量;最终将人体体型分为14类。经检验,所得体型间存在显著性差异,分类结果合理有效。     

人体体型分类方法研究综述

人体体型分类研究是服装领域研究的重要内容,体型分类方法的合理选择是科学体型分类的前提,通过体型分类方法的研究可以完善服装号型标准。总结了体型分类的方法,着重介绍了目前常用的聚类分析方法,并从人体数据、年龄和地区三个方面提出体型分类研究存在的不足,为体型分类研究提供参考。     

婴儿人体特征对服装设计的影响分析

从人体工程学的理论角度出发,分析和研究婴儿人体特征对其服装结构、功能设计的影响。对38名婴儿开展人体部位尺寸、温度的测量及日常动作姿态的观察,根据测量和观察结果从形态、运动、生理和心理4个方面来分析婴儿的人体特征,进一步讨论这些特征对服装功能性的影响,并结合面料选择、服装外形、服装尺码、服装结构、服装色彩、服装图案、服饰配件、制作工艺来系统研究婴儿服装设计中的关键要点。     

基于量身定制特体女装原型样板的生成

随个性化定制需求的日益强烈,服装量身定制生产模式及所涉及的技术和方法正成为研究的热点.为此,在分析现有的量身定制软件技术基础上,针对女性特体样板的生成进行更深一步的研究,并提出解决方案.具体研究以下几个方面:提取女性体型特征,以模块方法对女性特殊体型进行分类,并制作专业用特体人台;利用特体人台获得特体女装原型样板;利用...     

Genetic parameters for body condition score,locomotion, angularity,and production traits in Italian Holstein cattle

The objectives of this research were to estimate genetic parameters for body condition score (BCS) and locomotion (LOC), and to assess their relationships with angularity (ANG), milk yield, fat and protein content, and fat to protein content ratio (F:P) in the Italian Holstein Friesian breed. The Italian Holstein Friesian Cattle Breeders Association collects type trait data once on all registered first lactation cows. Body condition score and LOC were introduced in the conformation scoring system in 2007 and 2009, respectively. Variance (and covariance) components among traits were estimated with a Bayesian approach via a Gibbs sampling algorithm and an animal model. Heritability estimates were 0.114 and 0.049 for BCS and LOC, respectively. The genetic correlation between BCS and LOC was weak (−0.084) and not different from zero; therefore, the traits seem to be genetically independent, but further investigation on possible departures from linearity of this relationship is needed. Angularity was strongly negatively correlated with BCS (−0.612), and strongly positively correlated with LOC (0.650). The genetic relationship of milk yield with BCS was moderately negative (−0.386), and was moderately positive (0.238) with LOC. These results indicate that high-producing cows tend to be thinner and tend to have better locomotion than low-producing cows. The genetic correlation of BCS with fat content (0.094) and F:P (−0.014) was very weak and not different from zero, and with protein content (0.173) was weak but different from zero. Locomotion was weakly correlated with fat content (0.071), protein content (0.028), and F:P (0.074), and correlations were not different from zero. Phenotypic correlations were generally weaker than their genetic counterparts, ranging from −0.241 (BCS with ANG) to 0.245 (LOC with ANG). Before including BCS and LOC in the selection index of the Italian Holstein breed, the correlations with other traits currently used to improve type and functionality of animals need to be investigated.     

青年女子体型的特征指标及岭回归预测研究

 利用三维人体测量仪,选择430名年龄在18~23岁之间的江浙籍青年女子测量其体型指标;对影响人体体型的46个部位尺寸数据进行了聚类分析,得到了决定并区分女子体型的典型指标:身高、前长、胸高、胸围、臀围和总肩宽。建立了能广泛应用人体细部规格与基本部位之间的岭回归模型关系,从而可以通过典型指标预测细部规格,其预测模型值的准确度高,相关性检验显著,可使制作的服装样板更加准确、合体。     

基于下装设计的人体建模

下体主要是由腰腹部、臀部、臀沟和腿部组成,提取了这些部位中与下装设计直接相关的18个部位的尺寸,定义了人体的主要特征切面,减少了人体平均形态的计算,同时尽可能地保留了人体躯干的三维体形信息。通过对这些部位特征形状的提取和分析,将控制服装款式变化的关键部位的变化转换为形值点参数的变化,进而进行曲面的拟合,建立了基于下装特征的参数化人体模型。结果可用于指导下装的定制开发。     

Genetic parameters for body condition score and its relationship with type and production traits in Swiss Holsteins

The objectives of this study were to estimate the genetic and environmental parameters between body condition score (BCS) and 27 conformation and 3 production traits in Swiss Holstein cattle. The dataset consisted of 31,500 first-lactation cows, which were daughters of 545 sires in 1867 herds. Bivariate sire models with relationships among sires were used to estimate parameters. Least squares means for BCS by lactation stage show that cows lose BCS up to 5 mo after calving and gain BCS prior to the next calving. Regression models showed that an increase in age and percentage of Holstein genes results in an increase and decrease in BCS, respectively. Heritability (h2) was 0.24 for BCS score, which indicates good potential for selection. Sire estimated breeding values for BCS ranged from -0.46 to +0.51 units. Heritabilities ranged from 0.08 (heel depth) to 0.46 (rump width) for type traits and 0.23 to 0.29 for yield traits. Genetic correlations of BCS with 8 conformation traits were significant; stature (0.28), heart girth (0.21), strength (0.17), loin (-0.39), body capacity (0.19), dairy character (-0.35), udder quality (-0.42), and teat position rear (-0.33). Milk production and body condition have an unfavorable genetic correlation (-0.12 to -0.17). These results show that selection for good body condition, body conformation, and optimal milk production is possible and their genetic associations reported here will be useful for designing Swiss breeding goals.     

青年女上体无缝内衣的压力舒适性

 以款式、纱线以及编织方式相同而尺寸不同的4件女式无缝内衣为研究对象,挑选出75名年龄在20～25岁的青年女子的试穿,应用接触式压力测试仪测量各部位测试点的压力值,结合被测试者对相应部位的压力舒适感觉的主观评价;采用海明距离对模糊贴近度求解权重的方法进行改进,求解压力测试点在各部位的权重,运用模糊综合评判的方法对实验数据进行处理,将各压力点压力值转化为部位压力值;采用了统计学参数区间估计的方法得出各部位舒适压力范围,并进行了相关分析,为女性无缝内衣设计提出建议。     

Genetic parameters for body weight from birth to calving and associations between weights with test-day,health, and female fertility traits

A data set including 57,868 records for calf birth weight (CABW) and 9,462 records for weight at first insemination (IBW) were used for the estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. Furthermore, CABW and IBW were correlated with test-day production records and health traits in first-lactation cows, and with nonreturn rates in heifers. Health traits considered overall disease categories from the International Committee for Animal Recording diagnosis key, including the general disease status, diarrhea, respiratory diseases, mastitis, claw disorders, female fertility disorders, and metabolic disorders. For single-trait measurements of CABW and IBW, animal models with maternal genetic effects were applied. The direct heritability was 0.47 for CABW and 0.20 for IBW, and the direct genetic correlation between CABW and IBW was 0.31. A moderate maternal heritability (0.19) was identified for CABW, but the maternal genetic effect was close to zero for IBW. The correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects was antagonistic for CABW (?0.39) and for IBW (?0.24). In bivariate animal models, only weak genetic and phenotypic correlations were identified between CABW and IBW with either test-day production or health traits in early lactation. Apart from metabolic disorders, there was a general tendency for increasing disease susceptibilities with increasing CABW. The genetic correlation between IBW and nonreturn rates in heifers after 56 d and after 90 d was slightly positive (0.18), but close to zero when correlating nonreturn rates with CABW. For the longitudinal BW structure from birth to the age of 24 mo, random regression models with the time-dependent covariate “age in months” were applied. Evaluation criteria (Bayesian information criterion and residual variances) suggested Legendre polynomials of order 3 to modeling the longitudinal body weight (BW) structure. Direct heritabilities around birth and insemination dates were slightly larger than estimates for CABW and IBW from the single-trait models, but maternal heritabilities were exactly the same from both models. Genetic correlations between BW were close to 1 for neighboring age classes, but decreased with increasing time spans. The genetic correlation between BW at d 0 (birth date) and at 24 mo was even negative (?0.20). Random regression model estimates confirmed the antagonistic relationship between direct and maternal genetic effects, especially during calfhood. This study based on a large data set in dairy cattle confirmed genetic parameters and (co)variance components for BW as identified in beef cattle populations. However, BW records from an early stage of life were inappropriate early predictors for dairy cow health and productivity.