预氧化对TiC-TiB2/MoSi2复合材料低温氧化行为的影响

研究了20vol％TiC-TiB2/MoSi2复合材料和高温预氧化处理后材料在500℃的低温氧化行为.结果表明,该复合材料在500℃的氧化动力学基本呈线性关系,氧化240h后增重1.67 mg· cm-2,表面生成的氧化层呈疏松多孔并出现“粉化”现象;1200℃预氧化处理的材料在500℃氧化240h后仅增重0.062 mg· cm-2,没有出现“粉化”现象;预氧化处理后的材料表面形成致密的TiO2和SiO2复合保护膜提高了复合材料的低温抗氧化能力.     

SiC/MoSi2复合材料500℃氧化行为研究

研究了不同SiC体积分数（30%-50%）的SiC/MoSi2复合材料低温500℃的氧化性能。结果表明：SiC/MoSi2复合材料在低温（500℃）时具有优异的抗氧化性能,氧化500h没有发生氧化粉化现象。复合材料的氧化增重随SiC体积分数的增加而减少。复合材料表面的抗氧化保护层均匀致密,材料内部缺陷少,材料内部晶界没有发生Mo与Si的氧化,材料的抗低温氧化性能得到显著提高。     

TiC-MoSi_2复合材料的原位合成及其低温氧化特性

为了改善MoSi2力学性能和低温抗氧化性能,选用TiC颗粒来增强补韧MoSi2,通过XRD和SEM表征合成MoSi2基复合材料的微观结构并研究了预氧化对MoSi2基复合材料低温抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明,采用Mo、Si、Ti、C粉末可以自蔓延原位合成20 v01%TiC-MoSi2复合材料.复合材料在500℃氧化240 h增重1.261 mg·cm-2,氧化动力学呈线性关系,生成疏松多孔的氧化层导致"粉化"现象发生.经1200℃预氧化处理,20 v01%TiC-MoSi2复合材料在500℃氧化240 h增重4.83×10-mg·cm-2.预氧化处理后的材料表面形成致密的TiO2和SiO2复合膜抑制了TiC-MoSi2材料出现低温"粉化"现象.     

MoSi2及其复合材料的高温和低温抗氧化性能研究

采用热质量分析法(TGA)和X射线衍射(XRD)对MoSi2及其复合材料的高温氧化性能、低温氧化机理和影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,40vol%SiC/MoSi2复合材料在1300℃高温等温氧化条件下具有优异的高温抗氧化性;通过提高MoSi2的纯度、添加与氧有亲和力的元素及高温预氧化形成致密的SiO2保护膜都有利于改善和提高MoSi2材料的抗低温氧化性能.     

MoSi2基高温结构材料氧化性能研究进展

综述了MoSi2基复合材料作为航空航天用高温结构材料的高温和低温抗氧化性能的研究进展,探讨了该复合材料的氧化机理和抗低温氧化之方法,提出了MoSi2基复合材料的未来发展方向.     

铌合金表面MoSi2-B4C复合涂层的快速烧结制备及高温氧化行为

以Mo-Si-B4C混合粉末为涂层原料,采用放电等离子烧结在铌合金表面原位反应烧结制备MoSi2-B4C复合涂层,研究涂层组织形成过程及界面反应特征,考察涂层在1450℃下的抗氧化性能。结果表明,在烧结的升温阶段,MoSi2相就已完全形成,而在保温的初期阶段,部分B4C颗粒又与邻近的MoSi2反应生成了SiC和Mo2B5。烧结过程中,涂层中的Si和B向基体合金扩散,形成了由NbSi2 + NbB外层和Nb5Si3内层组成的互扩散区。涂层在1450℃至少100h内可有效保护基体,表面生成了致密的SiO2-B2O3氧化膜,而互扩散区内NbB的存在有效阻碍了氧化过程涂层中Si的内扩散。     

C/C复合材料SiC-TaSi2/MoSi2抗氧化复合涂层研究

采用包埋技术在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC-TaSi2/MoSi2抗氧化复合涂层,通过恒温氧化实验以及X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电镜(SEM)观察及能谱(EDS)分析,研究了包埋粉料中Ta,Mo含量对复合涂层微观结构和高温抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明,Ta,Mo摩尔比为1:1时所制备的复合涂层具有相对较大的厚度和较为致密的结构,氧化过程中在该涂层表面形成致密和稳定的玻璃态SiO2保护膜.在1500℃氧化326 h和经过23次1500℃至室温间的急冷急热后,带有该涂层的C/C试样失重仅为0.97%,表明该涂层具有优异的抗氧化和抗热震性能.     

MoSi2高温氧化层的微观结构

采用SEM，TEM和XRD方法研究了MoSi2在1200－1600℃的氧化层微观结构。在1240℃以下，氧化层由SiO2和其它氧化物混合而成，致密度较差。1240－1520℃区间氧化层表面存在针状、扇状或羽状的低温石英，氧化层较薄。在1520℃以上，氧化层中含有块状、粒状或蜂巢状的方石英，氧化层致密而均匀，增强了材料的抗氧化性能。     

MoSi2涂层高温抗氧化性能研究进展

综述了MoSi2作为C/C复合材料和难熔金属的高温抗氧化涂层的氧化性能的研究进展,比较研究了MoSi2高温抗氧化涂层的制备工艺,提出了MoSi2涂层技术的未来发展方向,即研发高温长寿命高可靠性抗氧化涂层、超高温抗氧化涂层,以满足航空发动机及航天飞机在恶劣工况条件下的使用要求.     

铌表面MoSi2高温涂层的形貌和结构研究

用料浆熔烧法在铌基体表面制备了。MoSi2高温抗氧化涂层。利用SEM，EDS，XRD等仪器分析研究了涂层的结构、元素分布、相分布与抗氧化性能的关系。结果表明：涂层与基体之间达到了冶金结合，通过扩散形成了过渡层，涂层的复合结构有利于提高抗氧化性能，用料浆熔烧法在铌基体表面制备MoSi2涂层是可行的。在氧化环境下，MoSi2涂层能在表面自生成一层SiO2玻璃层，阻止氧的进一步扩散。经2h以上高温氧化后，Si的扩散使涂层主体中形成多孔疏松组织。涂层元素与基体发生互扩散，在界面处形成大量集中孔洞并横向贯穿，使涂层从其主体与过渡层接触的界面处发生横向内部断裂，导致涂层失效。     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.     

The Quasi-Ternary System Cu2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

The quasi-ternary system Cu₂Se-Ga₂Se₃-GeSe₂ was investigated using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray analysis. An isothermal section at 770 K and a liquidus surface projection of the phase diagram were constructed. The existence of the quaternary phase CuGaGeSe₄, the boundaries of solid solutions ranges of the system compounds were established.