7B04铝合金热轧厚板组织分析

采用差示扫描量热仪、X射线能谱分析、金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察等手段,对7B04铝合金热轧厚板的组织进行了分析.分析结果表明:(1)7B04铝合金热轧厚板的过烧温度为481.75℃;(2)7B04铝合金热轧厚板组织为铝基体上分布着尺寸不等的第二相颗粒,其中大部分较大,第二相颗粒的走向与轧制方向相同,呈纤维状分布,而大量细小的第二相颗粒也呈纤维状分布,这些颗粒是由于均匀化退火后慢速冷却形成的η相;(3)7B04热轧组织基本上包括基体Al、MgZn2、Mg32(AlZn)49、Al23CuFe4和Mg2Si等几种相.     

7B04铝合金的时效沉淀析出及强化行为

利用差示量热法(DSC)、透射电镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、常规力学性能测试等手段研究了7B04铝合金时效沉淀析出及强化行为。结果表明:该材料存在显著的自然时效现象,大量的GPⅠ区沉淀析出是自然时效强化的主要原因;合金在120℃进行人工时效的初期析出大量GP区,使材料的强度迅速提高,时效8 h后,其横向极限抗拉强度即可达到570 MPa,时效22 h时可达强度峰值点,此时GP区(包括GPⅠ和GPⅡ区)和η′相是主要强化相;峰值时效后继续延长时效时间,材料的强度无明显降低,极限抗拉强度保持在590 MPa左右。     

电子背散射衍射（EBSD）及其在材料研究中的应用

论述了电子背散射衍射（EBSD）的形成原理、花样包含的物理意义，并给出了EBSD在测定晶体取向、织构、取向关系、物相鉴定、应变分布、晶格常数及晶界性质研究等方面的应用实例。     

搅拌摩擦加工Al-Pb表面复合材料的微结构和织构

采用搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)方法制备Al-Pb表面复合材料,以提高其减摩抗磨性能,使用SEM、EBSD、纳米压痕仪和显微硬度计等分析其微观组织、织构和硬度分布。结果表明:使用FSP方法制备Al-Pb表面复合材料,Pb颗粒受到重力和搅拌作用,主要分布于盆状搅拌加工区的底部。塑性金属对流形成的洋葱环结构中,存在富Pb片层和形变铝基体片层。富Pb片层内的Pb颗粒,起到了良好的细化晶粒作用。形变铝基体片层分布有少量直径约100 nm的新生Pb粒。受到细晶强化作用影响,富Pb颗粒区的硬度显著高于形变铝基体。加工区底部的SZ-AS区形成强Cube再结晶织构;SZ-RS区形成Cube织构和少量Brass织构;CSZ区的Cube织构较少,{111}织构增强;上部的AS区形成强Goss织构,RS区织构相对随机。     

1235铝合金连续铸轧态微观组织的表征

采用连续铸轧方法制备6 mm厚、牌号为1235的铝合金,利用高分辨透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和背散射电子衍射技术(EBSD)对铸轧态(TRC)样品的微观结构进行表征。结果表明:铸轧态的1235铝合金具有快速凝固组织,即晶粒尺寸在30~100 nm之间的纳米多晶组织,有沿(121)晶面滑移的滑移带和高密度位错线等深度塑性变形组织,还有沿(100)晶面生长的再结晶组织;Fe和Si等掺杂元素固溶在基体Al中;在铸轧态下晶粒直径几乎分布在20~50μm之间,且产生的较强织构有{210}122、{122}210和{210}125等,较弱的织构有铜织构{112}111和{112}110。     

2124铝合金各向异性的EBSD研究

通过拉伸力学性能测试及电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析,对2124铝合金厚板沿轧制方向(L)、横向(T)、轧面法向(S)的各向异性进行了研究.研究结果表明,在L、T和S方向,2124铝合金厚板的强度和塑性均表现出明显的各向异性.择优取向、Schmid因子统计及分布、晶粒尺寸及取向差分布的差异可能是造成各向异性产生的根本原因.     

大晶粒Ni-42Al合金超塑变形中组织演变EBSD分析

采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术,研究大晶粒Ni-42Al合金在1075℃、初始应变速率为1×10-3s-1条件下超塑变形中的组织演变.研究表明,变形前以大角度晶界为主,小角度晶界比例极低.在超塑变形中,持续有取向差5°以下的小角度晶界产生.随变形量的增大,新形成的小角度晶界取向差增加,转变为取向差较大的6°～15°小角度晶界,进而转变为15°以上的大角度晶界.小角度晶界的产生速率与小角度晶界转变为较大角度晶界的速率趋向一动态平衡.小角度晶界向较大角度晶界不断转变的结果使大角度晶界数量不断增加,最终导致晶粒显著细化.超塑变形使NiAl合金重合位置点阵(CSL)特征晶界发生改变,获得了有利于改善其室温塑性的CSL特征晶界结构.     

一种5083铝合金中晶界面热轧织构的研究

通过电子背散射衍射技术,测定了一种5083铝合金中的热轧织构。结果表明：在结构中的不同位置,织构组分呈现非均匀发展的特点,特别地,晶界面亦呈现取向织构。在样品的中心位置,晶界面趋向于{111}取向,且其数量高出随机晶界50%;同时,在样品的边缘位置,晶界面趋向于{110}与{112} 取向,且其数量高出随机晶界28%。更具体地,小角和大角晶界中均呈现这种晶界面的各向异性分布。     

挤压镁合金AZ31的压缩过程中的组织及织构演化

对常规挤压态镁合金AZ31压缩过程的组织及织构演化进行了扫描电镜-电子背散射衍射(SEM-EBSD)原位观察。结果表明材料的初始组织为等轴晶,晶粒的平均尺寸为76微米,晶粒内部未发现形变孪晶。材料的初始织构类型为典型的{11-20}丝织构,即大多数晶粒的<11-20>晶向平行于棒材的挤压方向(ED)。在压缩过程中,多数晶粒内部开始出现拉伸孪晶,随着压缩应变的增加,孪晶片层不断增厚,导致晶内的孪晶合并成大的孪晶并占据晶粒内部的大部分区域进而使孪晶的体积分数不断增加。随着压缩压缩应变的增加初始丝织构不断减弱并有新的基面织构形成。实验表明压缩过程中的{10-12}<10-11>孪生而非滑移是引起压缩过程中织构演化的主要原因。     

大应变量冷轧AA1050铝合金微观组织与织构的演变

采用ECC和EBSD技术研究了AA1050铝合金冷轧到大应变量下微观组织和织构的演变规律. 结果表明,AA1050合金冷轧到大形变量时,微观组织由低应变下的胞块组织结构转变成典型的层片状界面(LBs)结构,其内部的LBs基本与轧向(RD)平行;主要存在两种转变机制,即由于轧制变形(机制I)和借助于S-bands结构的剪切作用(机制II),从而导致GNBs逐渐旋转到与RD平行,且以机制I为主.变形过程中,由于晶粒的分裂形成大量的大角度界面,随应变的增加,大角度界面的间距逐渐减小、数目逐渐增多;当冷轧到90%应变量时,除原始晶界外,约为47%的大角度界面起源于变形诱导的界面. 冷轧变形主要形成典型的Brass+S+Copper轧制织构,且强度随应变的增加而逐渐增加.     

Microstructural evolution of aluminum alloy 7B04 thick plate by various thermal treatments

The microstructure of an AA 7B04 alloy in the form of plate was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and TEM analysis technologies. Tensile properties and electrical conductivity of AA 7B04 under various heat treatment conditions were also presented. The results reveal that peak-aged microstructure contains GP zones and η＇ precipitates predominantly. After retrogressing and reaging（RRA）, the η＇ and η precipitates disperse in the alloy matrix, and the η precipitates distribute coarsely and sparsely, decorating the grain boundaries, together with precipitate free zones（PFZs） around them. It is also shown that selecting of suitable heat treatments can provide optimal precipitates in matrix and at grain boundaries, which gives rise to a combination of high strength and stress corrosion cracking（SCC） resistance in such materials.     

7B04合金的断裂韧性

研究了Fe和Si杂质元素和Cu元素含量、合金中氢含量和钠离子含量、晶粒细化以及铸锭高温均匀化处理对7B04合金断裂韧性的影响。降低Fe和Si杂质元素及调整合金主要成分Cu含量，可以减少难溶粗大硬相质点和过剩相；降低合金氢含量和钠离子含量可以降低氢脆和钠脆；加强晶粒细化可以获得细小晶粒组织；进行高温均匀化处理促使粗大第二相质点溶入基体。这些措施使合金获得高纯化、高纯净化、高均匀化和非常细小的晶粒，从而使合金的断裂韧性得到较大提高。     

Overheating temperature of 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy

The microstructure and overheating characteristics of the direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy, and those after industrial homogenization treatment and multi-stage homogenization treatments, were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX). The results show that the microstructure of direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of the 7B04 alloy contains a large number of constituents in the form of dendritic networks that consist of nonequilibrium eutectic and Fe-containing phases. The nonequilibrium eutectic contains Al, Zn, Mg and Cu, and the Fe-containing phases include two kinds of phases, one containing Al, Fe, Mn and Cu, and the other having Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Si and Cu. The melting point of the nonequilibrium eutectic is 478 ℃ for the casting ingot of the 7B04 alloy which is usually considered as its overheating temperature. During industrial homogenization treatment processing at 470 ℃, the nonequilibrium eutectic dissolves into the matrix of this alloy partly, and the remainder transforms into Al2CuMg phase that cannot be dissolved into the matrix at that temperature completely. The melting point of the Al2CuMg phase which can dissolve into the matrix completely by slow heating is about 490 ℃. The overheating temperature of this high strength aluminum alloy can rise to 500-520 ℃. By means of special multi-stage homogenization, the temperature of the homogenization treatment of the ingot of the 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy can reach 500 ℃ without overheating.     

Effects of the two-step ageing treatment on the microstructure and properties of 7B04 alloy pre-stretched thick plates

The effects of the two-step ageing parameters （temperature and time） on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of 7B04 （A1-Zn-Mg-Cu） pre-stretched thick plates were studied. The results reveal that the initial T1 ageing contributes a major increase of the tensile strength, and the 0.2% proof stress value reaches 482 MPa after ageing for 7 h at 115℃. Behavioral differences in the tensile properties of the alloy after the two-step ageing treatment were less with the first-step ageing at 115~C for different time periods （7, 14, and 21 h）. The effects of the second ageing parameters on the properties and microstructure of the 7B04 alloy were remarkable. TEM analysis of the samples aged at Temper I （7 h at 115℃ ＋ 12 h at 160℃） and Temper II （7 h at 115℃ ＋ 16 h at 165℃） indicates that two kinds of phases, i.e. 11＇ and 11 phases, precipitate from the matrix and efficiently improve the tensile strength of the alloy, and the grain boundary precipitates are coarse and discrete. There are obvious precipitate free zones （PFZs） along the grain boundary in the microstructure of the alloy after the two-step ageing treatment.     

Fatigue behaviour of pre-strain 7B04-T7451 aluminum alloy

The effect of minimum and the maximum stresses on the fatigue behaviour of a 30 mm thick plate of a 7B04-T7451 （Al-Zn-Mg-Cu） subjected to a tensile pre-strain level of 2% was investigated, including the fatigue crack growth （FCG） rate, microstructure observation, fractographic examination and fatigue S-N curve, etc. The results show that ＇the characteristics of fatigue facture can be observed obviously under high cycle fatigue condition, and the higher the stress amplitude, the wider the space between fatigue striations, the faster the rate of fatigue crack developing and going into the intermittent fracture and the greater the ratio of the intermittent fracture area to the whole fracture area.     

Residual stress in quenched 7075 aluminum alloy thick plates

1　INTRODUCTION70 75isoneoftheprecipitation hardenedalu minumalloysmainlyusedasplateandforgingsintheaerospaceindustry .Itshighstrengthisachievedthroughaquenchingoperationwherethematerialisrapidlycooledfromthesolutionheattreatmenttem perature(4 75℃ )toroomtemperature ,whichcancausetheadverseeffectofintroducingresidualstress ,leavingthematerialunsuitableforfurthermachiningoperationsandforservice[13] .Residualstressinthequenchingoperationforaluminumalloysisusuallystudiedbynumericalprediction…     

淬火铝合金厚板预拉伸变形区域仿真与分析

铝合金预拉伸厚板变形区域分为夹持区、过渡区和均匀区三个部分。在模拟厚板预拉伸变形过程基础上,分析了各变形区域变形机理和应力分布规律。夹持区变形不充分,导致残余应力不足60%,且内部应力分布复杂。过渡区残余应力沿拉伸方向分布不均匀,对不同尺寸板厚在不同拉伸工艺下的过渡区进行分析说明,过渡区范围与板厚度有关,其范围约为板厚的60%～70%。最后分析了均匀区应力演变规律,探讨了不同拉伸量和拉伸速度对不同尺寸厚板拉伸效果的影响,认为拉伸量2.0%～2.5%可满足较好的工艺要求。     

固溶处理对7B04铝合金组织和性能的影响

通过显微组织观察、拉伸力学性能测试、XRD衍射物相分析以及α(Al)基体点阵常数的测量等方法研究了固溶处理对7B04铝合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明:在410～470℃范围,随固溶温度升高和时间延长,由于粗大的平衡相逐渐回溶,合金的强度逐渐升高;进一步提高固溶温度或延长固溶时间,合金强度逐步降低.7B04铝合金的优选固溶处理制度为470℃×60 min.     

7A04铝合金超厚板的淬透性

采用万能力学试验机、光学显微镜、扫描电镜等手段,研究了7A04铝合金超厚板的显微组织、性能及淬透性。结果表明:225 mm厚的7A04铝合金热轧板材经过475 ℃×340 min的固溶淬火处理后,再进行120 ℃×24 h 时效,其表面的力学性能最好,抗拉强度为584 MPa,屈服强度为500 MPa,伸长率为11%;T/4厚度层力学性能最差,抗拉强度为396 MPa,屈服强度为257 MPa,伸长率为11%,强度与表面分别相差32%、49%。淬透深度为单面32 mm。通过调控化学成分、加大轧制压下量、增加淬火冷却速率等可改善板材表心力学性能之差,并提高淬透性。