基于软测量的钢坏内部温度场分布研究

由于目前测试技术的限制,在生产过程中对钢坯内部温度的检测比较困难,为了获得钢坯内部的温度,一些研究人员尝试通过数学模型的方法实现钢坯内部温度分布的软测量模型.本文以步进式加热炉中钢坯温度场分布为应用背景,提出了利用机理建模的方法来实现钢坯内部温度场分布的软测量模型,并且对典型工况进行了仿真,结果表明测量精度完全符合工业应用要求.     

基于RBF神经网络的钢坯温度预报软测量模型研究

钢坯加热过程是钢铁企业热轧生产中非常重要的工艺环节。钢坯温度预报模型是实现加热炉优化控制的重要基础,用常规仪器很难直接测量出钢坯温度。给出了基于RBF神经网络的软测量模型结构,对钢坯温度进行预报的仿真结果。     

轧钢加热炉钢坯加热质量的检测研

轧钢加热炉中钢坯温度的检测是一类典型的工业过程质量参数难测量问题。本文首先分析了该问题的产生原因及对生产过程的不良影响，然后运用多元统计投影原理建立了钢坯温度变量和过程变量之间的主元回归软测量模型和偏最小二乘软测量模型，最后基于工业拖偶试验数据对两类模型的参数矩阵进行了求取。根据工业实际生产数据进行的模型校验和误差分析表明，模型预测误差满足工业应用的精度要求，且较作者前期研究的结果更精确。全文分为两部分，这是第一部分。     

轧钢加热炉钢坯加热质量的检测研究( II)

轧钢加热炉中钢坯温度的检测是一类典型的工业过程质量参数难测量问题。本文首先分析了该问题的产生原因及对生产过程的不良影响，然后运用多元统计投影原理建立了钢坯温度变量和过程变量之间的主元回归软测量模型和偏最小二乘软测量模型，最后基于工业拖偶试验数据对两类模型的参数矩阵进行了求取。根据工业实际生产数据进行的模型校验和误差分析表明，模型预测误差满足工业应用的精度要求，且较作者前期研究的结果更精确。全文分为两部分，这是第二部分。     

本期摘要

传感器功能材料现状与展望；微弯光纤传感器的原理和应用；瞬态表面温度传感器动态建模方法研究；气压传感器中芯片保护材料硅凝胶的优化设计；基于软测量的钢坯内部温度场分布研究；焦平面阵列读出电路的研究和应用；光纤光栅传感器在称重系统中的应用；无线传感器网络的功率控制；基于神经网络的传感器组故障诊断方法研究；单总线烟温复合式火灾监控系统。[编者按]     

基于自适应模糊聚类的神经网络软测量建模方法

提出一种基于模糊聚类的神经网络软测量建模方法．该方法采用数据分组训练、自动确定模糊分类数、在线测量时分类中心自适应修正，降低了计算量，提高了建模精度．将该算法用于步进式加热炉钢坯温度预报的仿真结果表明，它能够解决钢坯温度难以在线测量的问题。     

温度对铁精粉品位检测传感器的影响研究

给出了采用自感式电感传感器进行铁精粉品位测量的测试原理,分析了电感传感器的感应机理。利用ANSYS 12.0有限元仿真软件建立圆柱型铁精粉品位传感器的3D温度场仿真模型,对电感传感器内部温度场进行仿真分析,明确传感器在不同温度下自身热分布的相应变化;进行传感器温度贮存试验,分析环境温度对传感器输出的影响规律。通过温度场仿真和可靠性环境温度试验,探讨温度对铁精粉品位测量的影响,并采取相应措施减小或控制温度影响,为实现铁品位快速测试奠定必要基础。     

铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程铜液温度软测量模型及应用

基于铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程热工机理，建立了铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程铜液温度软测量模型，在铜液温度软测量的算法设计中采用数据预处理、黄金分割法搜索区间以及软测量模型参数校正等技术。实际应用结果表明，铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程铜液温度软测量可以反映氧化过程铜液温度的真实变化，有助于实现铜精炼阳极炉精炼过程铜液温度软控制以及提高铜精炼过程的生产效率和生产质量。     

DS18B20在季冻土区公路路基温度场测量中的应用

为获得自然气候条件下季冻土地区公路路基内部土体不同时期、不同深度处的温度分布,将DS18B20温度传感器和STC89C58单片机应用于季冻土公路路基温度场的测量中。选取温度传感器,设计数据采集装置和温度测量系统软件,并对设计及测量值精度进行实验验证,实现了对公路路基温度场进行长期、全面、连续测量和数据的自动读取、存储。     

基于改进的混沌PSO算法的钢坯坯壳厚度软测量

钢坯的质量受坯壳厚度的影响,坯壳厚度的实时监测可帮助二冷控制系统提供更好的水量设定值。但钢坯生产过程复杂,直接测量坯壳厚度的成本较高,并且实现困难。针对该问题,提出了基于钢坯二维热传导模型的软测量方法。二维热传导模型的边界条件是影响软测量精度的重要参数,因此基于钢坯表面温度测量值,建立辨识边界条件的优化模型,提出改进的混沌粒子群优化(PSO)算法。仿真实验验证了,改进的混沌PSO算法在收敛速度和收敛精度上得到了提高。基于校正的二维热传导模型得到的坯壳厚度与射钉实验值很接近,软测量精度提高了14.24%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.