微波辅助萃取在色谱分析样品前处理中的应用

微波辅助萃取具有萃取效率高、速度快、消耗溶剂量少、操作简单等优点。简要总结了微波辅助萃取技术在色谱分析样品前处理中的应用进展。提出了微波辅助萃取存在的问题,展望了微波辅助萃取发展趋势。     

微波辅助萃取葡萄籽油的研究

对微波辅助萃取葡萄籽油的工艺条件进行了探讨,研究了萃取溶剂、萃取温度、萃取时间和料液比对油产率的影响,初步得出了微波辅助萃取葡萄籽油的较优化工艺条件：以二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间10min,料液比（g·mL^-1）为1：8。与传统的水蒸气蒸馏法、索氏提取法相比较,微波辅助提取具有提取时间短、效率高、节约能源、产品质量好、无污染等优点,并且明显提高了葡萄籽油中亚油酸组分的含量。     

微波辅助低温煤焦油馏分萃取-热解耦合神府煤的作用研究

为提高煤在萃取过程中的转化率,考察微波辅助萃取煤的工业化可行性。以低温煤焦油馏分为溶剂,研究了神府煤在微波辅助萃取-热解耦合新工艺下的特性,考察了溶剂类型、萃取温度、溶煤比、萃取时间对转化率的影响。结果表明：当溶剂为200～360℃馏分油,萃取温度为200℃、萃取时间为30 min、溶煤比为3∶1时,微波辅助过程煤的转化率最高为34.75%。最后,通过对比常规萃取与微波辅助萃取的工艺条件及反应结果发现：微波辅助萃取-热解过程较常规萃取-热解过程略占优势,但其产业化仍需进一步验证。     

微波辅助萃取废烟叶中茄尼醇工艺研究

研究了微波辅助萃取废烟叶中茄尼醇的工艺条件, 对微波功率、辐射时间和萃取溶剂等影响微波萃取的条件进行了筛选和分析, 优化条件为:以正己烷+乙醇为萃取溶剂, 固液比为1∶45, 物料水分 3%以下, 微波功率 280w, 辐射时间 25min。     

微波辅助萃取技术在中药现代化中的应用

微波辅助萃取技术是近年来发展迅速的中药有效成分提取技术,与传统的中药活性成分提取技术相比,具有简便、快速高效、选择性强、能耗少和环境污染小等优点,因而越来越得到相关领域研究人员的关注。该文综述了近年来微波辅助萃取技术的原理、特点、影响微波萃取的主要因素、萃取装置及其在中药现代化中的研究进展。引用文献61篇。     

新工艺萃取印楝素及机理初探

用传统溶剂萃取、CO2超临界萃取、超声波强化萃取和微波辅助萃取从印楝种仁中提取印楝素，印楝素A的萃取率分别为0．3431％、0．2201％、0．3786％萃和0．5190％。结合萃取后残渣的电镜扫描结果，初步探讨了这四种萃取方法的萃取机理。     

电子电器产品中含溴阻燃剂的萃取

电子电器产品中含溴阻燃剂的萃取方法有索氏萃取、自动索氏萃取、超声波萃取、超临器萃取、微波辅助萃取和快速溶剂萃取等.文章通过对比索氏萃取、微波辅助萃取和快速溶剂萃取并结合高效液相色谱法测定电子塑料产品中的含溴阻燃剂,探讨合适的萃取方法,实验结果表明,索氏萃取效果最好,回率91.8%～98.4%,RSD%=5,满足检测要求...     

微波萃取技术研究进展

综述了微波萃取的机理、特点、参数和设备、影响微波萃取效果的因素,介绍了微波萃取技术在有效成分提取、临床和物质检测方面的国内外研究和应用情况。微波萃取作为一种新技术,其前景广阔,有望在萃取抽提领域开拓出新的天地。     

超临界CO_2和微波辅助萃取当归挥发油

考察当归挥发油的不同提取方法。文中用超临界CO2流体萃取法和微波辅助萃取法研究萃取当归挥发油。实验表明:超临界CO2萃取最佳工艺条件为萃取压力25 MPa、分离釜Ⅰ解析温度55℃、萃取温度45℃,提取率约1.9%;微波辅助萃取最佳工艺条件为无水乙醇为提取溶剂,微波功率800 W、微波辐射时间150 s、液料质量比为4.71∶1,提取率约11.2%。微波辅助萃取法取得当归油的收率高于超临界CO2萃取法。微波辅助萃取法萃取当归挥发油收率高,但外观品质较超临界萃取的当归挥发油差。     

微波辅助萃取黄瓜籽油的研究

应用单因素试验和正交试验,以黄瓜籽油的产率为评价指标,进行了黄瓜籽油的微波辅助萃取工艺研究,考察了萃取溶剂种类、温浸时间、萃取温度、萃取时间和料液比对油产率的影响,得出了微波辅助萃取黄瓜籽油的最优化工艺条件:以二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间10 min,温浸时间1 h,料液比(g·mL-1)为1:8.与传统的水蒸气蒸馏法、索氏提取法相比较,微波辅助提取具有提取时间短、效率高、节约能源、产品质量好、无污染等优点,并且明显提高了黄瓜籽油中亚油酸组分的含量.     

微波萃取技术及其应用

本文对微波萃取技术进行了简要综述,具体介绍了微波萃取的原理,特点、萃取参数,设备、优越性及近些年来的研究进展和应用,并展望了微波萃取技术的发展前景。     

Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extractions Facilitate Oil Recovery from Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) By-Products and Enhance Fish Oil Quality Parameters

This research aimed to analyze ultrasound (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) as novel technologies for utilizing gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) by-products to produce high-quality fish oil for human consumption. The impacts of extraction parameters, namely, temperature, time, solvent-to-solid ratio, and their interactions on the extraction yield, are investigated using response surface methodology (RSM), and a central composite rotatable design. The optimized conditions are 15.47 mL g⁻¹ of solvent-to-solid ratio, 38 min, and 42 °C for UAE and 15.84 mL g⁻¹ of solvent-to-solid ratio, 18 min, and 40 °C for MAE. Under optimal conditions, the maximum extraction yields are 38.40 and 36.70% (g/g) for UAE and MAE, respectively. Both UAE and MAE have significantly higher mass transfer rates (61.70 and 121.58 g h⁻¹, respectively) than Soxhlet extraction (10.78 g h⁻¹). The fatty acid composition, physicochemical, and oxidation analyses of fish oils confirm the suitability of both UAE and MAE for the recovery of high-quality oils from fish processing by-products. The valorized oils mainly include unsaturated fatty acids (≈75%) and are rich in oleic acid. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals that the key driving force for fast oil extraction is the structural degradation of fish by-products caused by ultrasound and microwave. Practical Applications: Due to environmental and economic viewpoints, the validation of fish oil from fish industry by-products has become a popular research topic recently. Alternative recovery techniques such as ultrasound- (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) protocols may have additional benefits in producing functional oils. Interactive effects of process parameters determine the success of the extraction technique; therefore optimization is a critical approach when applying the extraction protocols. This study shows that UAE and MAE techniques significantly enhanced oil extraction rate from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurota) by-products at lower temperatures and by using lower amounts of solvent. UVA and MAE increase oxidative stability and do not change the fatty acid composition. Hence, the by-product of the gilthead seabream can be a sustainable and food-grade fish oil source and UAE and MAE can be a good alternative to the conventional (Soxhlet) extraction by providing high yield and quality oil.     

微波辅助提取墨旱莲总黄酮的工艺优化

采用微波辅助提取墨旱莲中的总黄酮。以总黄酮得率为指标,考察微波辐射时间、液固比、溶剂pH、提取级数等因素对得率的影响,确定了总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件:以去离子水为溶剂,液固比(V/m)=25 mL/g,微波提取210 s,提取2次,此时墨旱莲总黄酮得率为1.42%,而常规水提取的时间为60 min,得率1.24%,故微波辅助提取法高效,省时。     

微波萃取技术在天然产物活性成分提取中的研究进展

叙述了微波萃取技术的原理,并对近年来微波萃取技术在天然产物活性成分提取中的研究进行了综述。     

Microwave-assisted extraction of chlorogenic acid from flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb.

An efficient microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique has been developed to recover chlorogenic acid from flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. The yield of chlorogenic acid rapidly reached 6.14% within 5 min under the optimal MAE conditions, i.e. 50% ethanol as extraction solvent, 1:10 (w/v) of the solid/liquid ratio and 60 °C of extraction temperature. The MAE showed obvious advantages in terms of short duration and high efficiency to recover chlorogenic acid from raw plant materials in comparison with conventional heat-reflux extraction. The mechanism of the enhanced extraction by microwave assistance was discussed by observing cell destruction of plant material after MAE treatment by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the plant materials were significantly destroyed due to the cell rupture after MAE treatment.     

乙醇辅助法提取藤茶中的二氢杨梅素的研究

以干藤茶叶为原料,采用乙醇浸泡进行预处理,以水为溶剂提取二氢杨梅素,考察了乙醇预处理时间、茶叶与乙醇的料液比、加热时间等因素对提取率的影响,通过单因素分析和正交试验设计,确定了最佳提取工艺条件。最佳提取工艺条件参数为:乙醇预处理时间为15 h,茶与乙醇的料液比为1∶8,加热时间为30 min,在此条件下二氢杨梅素的提取率为34.23%。     

Study on the microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from tea

This study demonstrated a promising method for quickly extracting tea polyphenol (TP) by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technology. Some influential parameters, including MAE temperature, microwave power, concentration of extraction solvent, MAE time and the solid/liquid ratio, were investigated. The optimum condition of MAE was obtained by dual extraction with 60% ethanol (v/v) and the solid/liquid ratio 1:12 g/mL at 80°C for 10 minutes under the microwave power 600W. The yield of TP was 96.5% under the described condition. Compared with traditional methods, including hot reflux extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), the extraction time was saved 8 times than that of HRE, and the yield was increased by 17.5%. The extraction time at comparable levels of production was saved 2 times, and the energy consumption was one fourth that of UAE. The extraction time was saved 5 times than that of SFE, and the yield of TP was increased by 40%. Moreover, compared with MAE of TP studied by others, it decreased the solid/liquid ratio from 1: 20 to 1: 12 g/mL without 90-min pre-leaching time, and the yield of TP was increased by 6%–40%.     

从甘草中提甘草酸不同提取方法的比较

对几种不同的从甘草中提取甘草酸的提取方法进行了实验比较。结果表明,微波辅助提取法与热回流法、索氏（Soxhlet）提取法、室温提取法等传统方法相比,具有提取高效、快速、完全及节省时间、溶剂和能 耗等优点,是一种适于从甘草中快速提取甘草酸的新方法。     

Microwave-assisted solvent extraction of castor oil from castor seeds

This study was aimed at evaluating the physicochemical properties and oxidation stability of castor oil using microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MAE). MAE was performed using 5% ethanol in hexane as solvent at different extraction times, power intensities and solvent-to-feed (S/F, ml of solvent to gram of feed) ratios. The process parameters were optimized by statistical approach using historical data design of response surface method (RSM). The oils were characterized for yield, physicochemical properties, dielectric properties and oxidation stability, and comparison was also made with oil extracted using Soxhlet method. Results show that the maximum oil yield of 37% was obtained at 20 min with microwave power intensity of 330 W and S/F ratio of 20. The main fatty acid composition of castor oil is ricinoleic acid. The density, refractive index, dielectric properties and oxidation stability of oils are not affected by the extraction methods and extraction parameters of MAE. However, the MAE-extracted oil is more viscous compared to that by Soxhlet method. With extra caution on oil oxidation, MAE could be a promising solvent extraction method with an 86% less in processing time and a higher yield.