CDMA系统粒子群多用户检测算法

Kennedy和Eberhart提出的粒子群优化算法(PSO),作为一种新的并行优化算法,在解决多维和非线性的复杂问题中,性能优良且算法简单易于实现。本文对二进制粒子群优化算法进行改进,并将其应用于DS-CDMA通信系统的多用户检测中,提出了基于矢量的二进制粒子群多用户检测器(V-BPSO-MUD),同时提出了两种高效实用的多用户检测器:基于矢量的串行二进制多用户检测器(VS-BPSO-MUD)及基于矩阵的二进制多用户检测器(M-BPSO-MUD)。仿真结果表明,PSO多用户检测器充分利用了粒子群优化算法的优良特性,性能明显优于传统的CDMA检测器,接近无多址干扰情况。     

基于改进的自适应克隆选择粒子群优化算法的多用户检测

为了提高多用户检测技术的性能，改善粒子群算法的局部搜索能力，将克隆选择算法（CS）和传统离散粒子群算法（DPSO）相结合，文中提出一种改进的自适应克隆选择粒子群优化算法（ACSPSO），并用于多用户检测。仿真证明，这种基于ACSPSO的检测器在误码率和收敛速度上都比DPSO和CS得到明显改善。     

混合粒子群优化算法在CDMA系统多用户检测中的应用

针对粒子群优化算法易早熟的问题,提出了一种混合粒子群优化算法(HPSO)。首先在算法中采用惯性权重的分段递减策略,以提高算法的全局搜索能力;然后在算法后期,引入拉伸技术剔除比局部极值大的点,缩小搜索空间,使算法能及时跳出局部最优从而加速收敛,最后提出了基于HPSO算法的多用户检测器。仿真结果表明在信噪比相同的条件下,该多用户检测器的误码率和抗远近效应性能更接近于最佳多用户检测器,有效解决了码分多址通信系统中的多址干扰问题。     

基于离散粒子群算法的CDMA多用户检测方法

研究了离散粒子群算法，并将其应用于CDMA多用户检测问题，提出一种基于离散粒子群优化算法的CDMA多用户检测的方法。该方法应用一种新的选择和分区搜索的策略，改进搜索的质量和效率。分析以及实验仿真表明该方法具有计算复杂度低且可以得到较好误码率性能的特点，为寻求新的多用户检测方法提供了思路。     

基于进化算法的多用户检测器

粒子群算法PSO遗传算法(Particle Swarm Optimization)是由Kennedy和Eberhart于1995年提出的一种新的进化算法,PSO能够以一种更简便、快速的方式来完成和遗传算法(GA)一样的功能。本文在PSO算法思想的基础上提出了两种新的多用户检测算法: BEP(Binary Evolution Programming)算法, BPSO(Binary PSO,BPSO)算法。分别基于这两种算法构造了新的多用户检测器。仿真结果表明,这两种新的多用户检测器的抗误码性能比传统多用户检测器和基于遗传算法的多用户检测器都好,并且新的检测器的收敛速度明显比遗传算法检测器快。     

基于Social Cognition粒子群算法多用户检测

最优多用户检测方法具有最优性能,但复杂度高,利用优化算法求解可以降低实现复杂度。粒子群算法是一种简单有效的新型群智能优化算法,研究了一种Socialcognition模型简化粒子群算法,并应用于大用户量CDMA多用户检测问题,主要考虑降低算法复杂度,提高算法的实现效率。分析及仿真表明该方法在系统用户数量较大时具有较好性能。     

基于神经网络和粒子群算法的MC-CDMA多用户检测

MC-CDMA系统是干扰受限系统,存在多址干扰。本文提出一种基于神经网络和粒子群算法的MC-CDMA多用户检测方法。在粒子位置更新中,随机选择部分粒子作为Hopfield神经网络的神经元组成的个体,进行神经网络的更新;其他粒子仍采用原粒子群算法的位置更新策略,从而能加快粒子群算法的收敛速度以及降低计算复杂度。仿真表明在算法参数相同时,该多用户检测方法在误码率、收敛速度、系统容量、抗远近能力等方面都优于基于粒子群算法的多用户检测和基于神经网络的多用户检测,更加逼近于最佳多用户检测的性能。     

基于粒子滤波算法的DS-CDMA多用户检测

粒子滤波算法是一种基于贝叶斯估计的蒙特卡罗方法,尤其适用于处理非线性、非高斯系统的状态估计问题。该算法应用于DS-CDMA系统的多用户检测中,检测器能在检测性能和计算复杂度之间取得很好的平衡。基于粒子滤波算法的多用户检测器在性能上逼近于最优多用户检测器,而计算复杂度远低于最优多用户检测器,与次优多用户检测器相当。利用白化匹配滤波器的输出可以建立同步DS-CDMA系统的状态空间方程,使得粒子滤波算法应用于多用户检测中。仿真实例证明了基于粒子滤波算法的多用户检测器在等功率和远近效应的情况下的性能优势。     

一种改进的自适应线性网络多用户检测器

采用粒子群优化算法结合LMS算法来改进自适应线性网络的训练过程,改变了传统神经网络交错反复周期性循环训练样本的训练方式,可以逐个样本的进行训练来达到全局最优,从而从根本上克服了神经网络动态适应性能差的缺点.计算机仿真结果表明,改进的自适应线性网络构成的多用户检测器(简称ANN-MUD),动态适应性能明显改善,实用性大大增强.     

基于模拟退火粒子群优化的粒子滤波算法

本文提出一种基于模拟退火粒子群优化的粒子滤波新算法,该算法基于一个高斯分布来不断更新粒子,采用随机概率扰动的方式作为粒子群算法的全局极值更新条件,增加了全局最优区域的搜索能力,避免了粒子过早的"趋同性",仿真实验结果表明,算法克服了粒子退化问题,提高了预估精度,预估性能优于传统的粒子滤波方法。     

Blind Multiuser Detection in Frequency Domain for MC-CDMA Systems Using Particle Swarm Optimization

In digital communication systems, the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) for blind multiuser detector has some disadvantage such as slow convergence speed and weight phase rotation. In this paper, we put forward a novel receiver, which combines CMA blind adaptive multiuser detection and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique in frequency domain for multi-carrier direct sequence code division multiple access (MC DS-CDMA) systems. By this approach we present an adaptive multistage structure based on PSO technique. In this structure, the weights are obtained by PSO technique between the received signal and its estimate through a CMA. The resulting weights contain reliability information for the hard decisions made in the previous stage. The simulation results show that BER performance of the PSO-based CMA blind multiuser detector is superior to that of steepest decreasing constant modulus algorithm (SDCMA), linearly constrained constant modulus algorithm (LCCMA), CMA based multiuser detection and is worthy due to its significant detection performance to achieve desirable improvement in convergence speed and tractability.     

Link and System Level Performance of Multiuser Detection CDMA Uplink

The link level performance and the cellular systemcapacity in the uplink direction of a CDMA cellularsystem utilising multiuser detection base stationreceivers is analysed by simulation. In the receiver,parallel multistage multiuser detection is employedtogether with two-antenna diversity reception and fastclosed-loop power control. A system level simulator isbuilt to utilise the link level simulation results andto show the increase in cellular capacity obtained byusing multiuser detection. The capacity is studied inurban micro and macro-cell environments utilising thechannel models developed in the European CODITproject. The modelling of the environment specific andCDMA specific features is considered in the systemsimulator. The system level simulator is calibratedwith analytical capacity calculations.     

Iterative space-time processing for multiuser detection in multipath CDMA channels

Space-time processing and multiuser detection are two promising techniques for combating multipath distortion and multiple-access interference in code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. To overcome the computational burden that rises very quickly with increasing numbers of users and receive antennas in applying such techniques, iterative implementations of several space-time multiuser detection algorithms are considered here. These algorithms include iterative linear space-time multiuser detection, Cholesky iterative decorrelating decision-feedback space-time multiuser detection, multistage interference canceling space-time multiuser detection, and expectation-maximization (EM)-based iterative space-time multiuser detection. A new space-time multiuser receiver structure that allows for efficient implementation of iterative processing is also introduced. Fully exploiting various types of diversity through joint space-time processing and multiuser detection brings substantial gain over single-receiver-antenna or single-user-based methods. It is shown that iterative implementation of linear and nonlinear space-time multiuser detection schemes discussed in this paper realizes this substantial gain and approaches the optimum performance with reasonable complexity. Among the iterative space-time multiuser receivers considered in this paper, the EM-based (SAGE) iterative space-time multiuser receiver introduced here achieves the best performance with excellent convergence properties.     

基于自适应人工鱼群算法的多用户检测器

将智能优化算法应用到多用户检测器(MUD)问题中,是近年来改善MUD性能的一个研究方向。人工鱼群算法(AFSA)是一种新的智能优化算法,该算法具有一些遗传算法和粒子群算法不具备的特点。但是用其解决离散优化问题时,该算法保持探索与开发平衡的能力较差,且在算法运行后期搜索的盲目性较大,从而影响了该算法搜索的质量和效率。为了克服这些缺点,本文对该算法进行了改进,得到两种自适应人工鱼群算法(AAFSA_FP和AAFSA_SP),并首次用其构建了新的多用户检测器。仿真结果表明,该方法与基于遗传算法的多用户检测器和基于粒子群算法的多用户检测器相比,在误码率、抗远近效应的能力和收敛速度等方面都有明显的改善。     

A Sequential Algorithm for Joint Parameter Estimation and Multiuser Detection in DS/CDMA Systems with Multipath Propagation

A direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system is considered where several users transmit data symbols over different multipath channels. The main objective of this work is the proposal of a sequential algorithm for joint parameter estimation and multiuser data detection. The computationally prohibitive maximization of the log-likelihood function is replaced by a sequential scheme using the multistage detector for recovering the data symbols and the expectation-maximization algorithm for estimating the channel parameters. The performance of the resulting multiuser receiver is evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations using both synthetic as well as measured channel impulse responses. A comparison of the performance with analytical expressions for the single-user single-path case shows that the proposed system is capable of eliminating the near-far effect existing in conventional DS/CDMA systems.     

Performance of linear reduced-rank multistage receivers for DS-CDMA in frequency-selective fading channels

The performance of a set of linear reduced-rank multistage filter banks is studied in the context of multiuser detection for direct-sequence (DS) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. The set of filter banks under consideration is comprised of the minimum mean-square error (MMSE), the minimum output energy (MOE), the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE), and the maximum-likelihood (ML) detector. Based on a common framework for the multistage implementations of the aforementioned filter banks, the signal-to-interference plus noise ratios (SINRs) and bit-error rates (BERs) of these reduced-rank filter banks are studied for multipath Rayleigh-fading channels. A generic BER formula is provided for coherent detection and noncoherent differential detection schemes constructed under this common framework. Analysis shows that all of these performance measures are characterized by a kernel matrix K/sub mmse/ whose trace forms the output SINR of the MMSE filter bank. Through investigating the recursive structure of K/sub mmse/, the output SINRs are proven to be monotonically increasing with the number of stages and upper-bounded by a number equal to the paths of the desired user's channel. The condition for asymptotically achieving this upper bound is also provided, which leads to the notion of effective user capacity of linear reduced-rank multiuser detection as well as serves as a test for the existence of a BER floor for coherent detection. In addition, the channel mismatch due to differential detection is also shown to yield a BER floor for noncoherent detection. Based on this analysis, a simple yet effective rule for choosing the number of stages is provided for both coherent and noncoherent linear multistage multiuser detection.     

一种基于多级分解的空时多用户检测方法

本文基于广义旁瓣相消结构和对维纳滤波器进行多级分解方法，提出一种多用户检测器。因为多级分解方法只需估计互相关矢量和标量的自相关，而不涉及数据协方差矩阵的估计和其求逆运算，所以这种多用户检测器具有较低运算复杂度。模拟实验结果表明，在加性白高斯和频率非选择性单径瑞利衰落信道下，该多用户检测器具有较强的干扰抑制性能。     

Novel decoding of square QAM modulated mimo systems based on turbo multiuser detection

By introducing the bit-level multi-stream coded Layered Space-Time （LST） transmitter along with a novel iterative MultiStage Decoding （MSD） at the receiver, the paper shows how to achieve the near-capacity performance of the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output （MIMO） systems with square Quadrature Amplitude Modulation （QAM）. In the proposed iterative MSD scheme, the detection at each stage is equivalent to multiuser detection of synchronous Code Division Multiple Access （CDMA） multiuser systems with the aid of the binary representation of the transmitted symbols. Therefore, the optimal Soft-Input Soft-Output （SISO） multiuser detection and low-complexity SISO multiuser detection can be utilized herein. And the proposed scheme with low-complexity SISO multiuser detection has polynomial complexity in the number of transmit antennas M, the number of receive antennas N, and the number of bits per constellation point Me. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has similar Bit Error Rate （BER） performance to that of the known Iterative Tree Search （ITS） detection.     

DS-CDMA通信系统中基于独立分量分析的盲多用户检测

本文研究了直接序列扩频码分多址(DS-CDMA)通信系统的多用户检测问题,提出了基于独立分量分析(ICA)方法的盲多用户检测算法,实现多用户信号的盲检测。该方法不需知道用户的扩频码就可完成多用户信号的盲检测。仿真结果验证了本文提出的方法的优良性能。